Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells reduce endometriosis cellular proliferation through their anti-inflammatory effects / 대한생식의학회지

Endometriosis is a chronic debilitating inflammatory condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissues outside the uterine cavity. Pelvic soreness and infertility are the usual association. Due to the poor effectiveness of the hormone therapy and the high incidence of recurrence following surgical excision, there is no single effective option for management of endometriosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells studied for their broad immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties; however, their efficiency in endometriosis cases is still a controversial issue. Our study aim was to evaluate whether adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) could help with endometriosis through their studied anti-inflammatory role. Methods: Female Wistar rats weighting 180 to 250 g were randomly divided into two groups: group 1, endometriosis group; established by transplanting autologous uterine tissue into rats’ peritoneal cavities and group 2, stem cell treated group; treated with AD-MSCs on the 5th day after induction of endometriosis. The proliferative activity of the endometriosis lesions was evaluated through Ki67 staining. Quantitative estimation of interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and transforming growth factor β expression, as well as immunohistochemical detection of CD68 positive macrophages, were used to assess the inflammatory status. Results: The size and proliferative activity of endometriosis lesions were significantly reduced in the stem cell treated group. Stem cells efficiently mitigated endometriosis associated chronic inflammatory reactions estimated through reduction of CD68 positive macrophages and the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: Stem cell therapy can be considered a novel remedy in endometriosis possibly through its anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties.

Deprescribing: Barriers, Benefits, and Harms

Polypharmacy, which is the practice of prescribing five or more medicines to the same patient is associated withmany problems like adverse drug reactions and poor adherence to therapy and can be harmful. Recently, the termdeprescribing is used to describe the systematic process of identifying and discontinuing medicines in situationsin which potential or existing harms outweigh potential or existing benefits for the seek of individual patient caregoals and preferences. Many studies assessed the attitude of patients or perceptions of health care practitionerstowards deprescribing, others evaluated barriers or factors affecting deprescribing. Since the practice ofdeprescribing is growing, this study aimed to review the harms, benefits, and barriers of deprescribing. Somestudies reported that patients may be interested in withdrawing one or more of their medicines if advised by theirtreating doctors and at the same time costs and experiencing medication adverse effects may result in awillingness to decrease the number of medications taken. Harms that may occur due to deprescribing can beminimized or even prevented by using a structured and patient-specific deprescribing process with properplanning and careful monitoring during and after medication withdrawal.

Effect of antibiotic prescribing in primary care on antimicrobial resistance: a literature review 2020

Our aim is to review the literature and, where appropriate, investigating subsequent antibiotic resistance in individuals prescribed antibiotics in primary care. Data sources are observational and experimental studies identified through Medline, Embase, and Cochrane searches. Review methods Electronic searches using MeSH terms and text words identified 4373 papers. Results The review included 24 studies, 22 involved patients with symptomatic infection and two involved healthy volunteers, 19 were observational studies (of which two were prospective) and five were randomised trials. The observations concluded that individuals prescribed an antibiotic in primary care for a respiratory or urinary infection develop bacterial resistance to that antibiotic.

Comparative Study on Bone Marrow-Versus Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on Regeneration and Re-Innervation of Skeletal Muscle Injury in Wistar Rats

BACKGROUND@#Skeletal muscle injuries are frequent clinical challenges due to associated fibrosis and disability.Regenerative medicine is an emerging promising strategy for such cases. The aim of this study was to compare between the effects of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) versus adipose tissue stromal cells (ADSCs) on regeneration and re-innervation of skeletal muscle laceration injury in Wistar rats at different time intervals. @*METHODS@#Six young male rats were used as a source of allogenic MSCs. Eighty-four adult female rats were divided into: Group I (control), Group II (Untreated Laceration): right gluteal muscle was lacerated and left for spontaneous healing, Group III (BM-MSCs): right gluteal muscle was lacerated with concomitant local intramuscular injection of 1 x 106 BM-MSCs in the lacerated muscle, Group IV (ADSCs): right gluteal muscle was lacerated with concomitant local intramuscular injection of 1 x 106 ADSCs in lacerated muscle. Rats were sacrificed after one, two and eight weeks.Muscles were processed to prepare sections stained with H&E, Mallory’s trichrome and immune-histochemical staining (neurofilament light chain). @*RESULTS@#A significant increase in collagen fibers and failure of re-innervation were noticed in untreated laceration group. BM-MSCs-treated groups showed regeneration of muscle fibers but with increased collagen fibers. Meanwhile, ADSCs showed better regenerative effects evidenced by significant increase in the number of myotubes and significant decrease in collagen deposition. Re-innervation was noticed in MSCs-injected muscles after 8 weeks of laceration. @*CONCLUSION@#Both BM-MSCs and ADSCs improved regeneration of skeletal muscle laceration injury at short- and long-term durations. However, fibrosis was less in ADSCs-treated rats. Effective re-innervation of injured muscles occurred only at the long-term duration.

Comparative Study on Bone Marrow-Versus Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on Regeneration and Re-Innervation of Skeletal Muscle Injury in Wistar Rats

BACKGROUND@#Skeletal muscle injuries are frequent clinical challenges due to associated fibrosis and disability.Regenerative medicine is an emerging promising strategy for such cases. The aim of this study was to compare between the effects of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) versus adipose tissue stromal cells (ADSCs) on regeneration and re-innervation of skeletal muscle laceration injury in Wistar rats at different time intervals. @*METHODS@#Six young male rats were used as a source of allogenic MSCs. Eighty-four adult female rats were divided into: Group I (control), Group II (Untreated Laceration): right gluteal muscle was lacerated and left for spontaneous healing, Group III (BM-MSCs): right gluteal muscle was lacerated with concomitant local intramuscular injection of 1 x 106 BM-MSCs in the lacerated muscle, Group IV (ADSCs): right gluteal muscle was lacerated with concomitant local intramuscular injection of 1 x 106 ADSCs in lacerated muscle. Rats were sacrificed after one, two and eight weeks.Muscles were processed to prepare sections stained with H&E, Mallory’s trichrome and immune-histochemical staining (neurofilament light chain). @*RESULTS@#A significant increase in collagen fibers and failure of re-innervation were noticed in untreated laceration group. BM-MSCs-treated groups showed regeneration of muscle fibers but with increased collagen fibers. Meanwhile, ADSCs showed better regenerative effects evidenced by significant increase in the number of myotubes and significant decrease in collagen deposition. Re-innervation was noticed in MSCs-injected muscles after 8 weeks of laceration. @*CONCLUSION@#Both BM-MSCs and ADSCs improved regeneration of skeletal muscle laceration injury at short- and long-term durations. However, fibrosis was less in ADSCs-treated rats. Effective re-innervation of injured muscles occurred only at the long-term duration.

Larva migrans visceral. Presentación de un caso / Visceral larva migrans. Report of a case

RESUMEN La larva migrans visceral es una enfermedad que se produce al ingerir huevos infectantes de nematodos parásitos de gatos y perros (Toxocaracanis y Toxocaracati); los cuales eclosionan en el intestino del hombre y las larvas se distribuyen en todo el organismo, principalmente hígado, pulmón, corazón y cerebro. Las larvas en su migración dejan trazos de hemorragias, necrosis y células inflamatorias; algunas son destruidas por la respuesta inmune del huésped y otras forman granulomas eosinofílicos. Los síntomas dependen del tejido u órgano afectado, de la intensidad de la infección y del grado de la respuesta inmunológica inducida. Se presenta un caso del sexo masculino de 72 años que ingresa en el Servicio de Medicina del Hospital Militar Docente “Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy”, de Matanzas, por cuadro de fiebre, diarreas, tos seca, astenia, anorexia y pérdida de peso al que se le diagnosticó larva migrans visceral. Por lo atípico de la edad del paciente y la complejidad del diagnóstico decidimos presentar este caso (AU).

ABSTRACT Visceral larva migrans is a disease produced after the ingestion of infectant eggs of cat´s and dog´s nematode parasites (Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati). These parasites harch in the men´s intestines and the larvas are distributed around the organism, mainly in the following organs: liver, lungs, hearth and brain. In their migration, the larvas leave traces of hemorrhage, necrosis and inflammatory cells; several of them are destroyed by the host´s immune answer and others form eosinophilic granulomas. The symptoms depend on the affected tissue or organ, on the infection intensity and on the level of induced immunologic answer. The case of a male patient, aged 72 years-old is presented. He entered the Medicine Service of the Teaching Military Hospital “Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy”, of Matanzas with fever, diarrhea, dry cought, asthenia, anorexia and weight loss.Visceral larva migrans was diagnosed. The presentation of the case was decided because of the atypical patient´s age and the complexity of the diagnosis (AU).

Functional anatomical, histological and ultrastructural studies of three chameleon species: Chamaeleo chamaeleon, Chamaeleo africanus, and Chamaeleon vulgaris / Estudios anatómicos, histológicos y ultraestructurales funcionales de tres especies de camaleón: Chamaeleo chamaeleon, Chamaeleo africanus, y Chamaeleon vulgaris

Three chamaeleon species including Chameleon Chamaeleo chamaeleon, Chameleon Chamaeleo africanus, and Chamaeleon vulgaris were collected and their tongue were dissected and examined morphologically and investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. Both species showed similar histological manifestation of lingual papillae and tubular glands with dense mucous secretion especially in Chamaeleon vulgaris. There is no keratinization of lingual surfaces. Ultrastructurally, filliform represent the only pattern of lingual pappillae and take either cylindrical, conical and leaflet structure.Although the examined chalmaeleon species collected from different habitat, it shows almost similarities in their histological and ultrastructural structures.

Fueron recolectadas tres especies de Camaleón incluyendo Camaleón Chamaeleo chamaeleon, Camaleón Chamaeleo africanus y Chamaeleon vulgaris. Se disecó su lengua y examinó morfológicamente mediante el uso de microscopía de luz y electrónica de barrido. Ambas especies mostraron características histológicas similares en relación a las papilas linguales y glándulas tubulares con secreción mucosa densa, especialmente el Chamaeleon vulgaris. No hubo queratinización de las superficies linguales. Ultraes-tructuralmente, el único patrón de papilas linguales fue el filiforme, tomando una estructura ya sea cilíndrica, cónica y de hoja. Aunque las especies de Camaleón examinadas se recogieron de diferentes hábitat, ellas mostraron similitudes en su estructura histológica y ultraestructural.

Reduction of Plasma Adiponectin in Egyptian Obese Children with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Background: Obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia are the most significant risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children, and a major cause of liver-related morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of adiponectin, leptin and fasting insulin in obese children with NAFLD to explore the role of adiponectin in the pathogenesis of this disease. Materials and Methods: The fasting serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, glucose, insulin, ALT, AST, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, GGT and CRP were measured in a group of 50 NAFLD children after making ultrasonography and 40 other participants were considered as a control group with comparable age, sex and body-mass index. Results: Plasma adiponectin was found significantly low in NAFLD children than its level in control group (3.23± 2.5 vs 11.0 ± 2.95 ng/dl). Moreover, NAFLD group had significantly higher insulin resistance, fasting insulin 11.4± 4.9 vs 4.7±3.1 mu/l levels in comparison with control group. Regarding serum leptin, there was no significant difference. An inverse correlation was observed between adiponectin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR), fasting insulin, leptin, triglycerides, ALT, AST, GGT and BMI. Conclusion: This data supports a role for low circulating adiponectin value in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and its association with insulin resistance.

relationship between body mass index and iron status in obese and overweight children attending Alexandria University children's hospital

Background: obesity and iron deficiency are two of the most common nutritional disorders worldwide. Although these two conditions represent opposite ends of over- and under-nutrition, they appear to be linked

Objective: To investigate the association between body mass index and iron status in obese and overweight children

Methods: It was a case control study that included 40 children aged 2-14 years, 20 overweight [BMI 85th -95th percentile] and 20 obese [BMI more than or equal 95th percentile]. Twenty healthy non obese children of comparable age and sex served as a control group. All studied children were subjected to calculation of body mass index and laboratory investigations including complete blood picture and Iron profile [serum iron, serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity, serum transferring, and transferring saturation]

Results Compared to the control group, hemoglobin, MCV, serum iron and transferrin saturation were significantly lower in the obese and overweight group [p<0.05]. There was a negative correlation between BMI and both serum iron and transferring saturation, while there was a positive correlation between BMI and TIBC within the total sample

Conclusions: There was a relation between BMI and iron status in children. Obese and overweight children had higher rates of iron deficiency than normal-weight children

Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of propionibacterium acnes isolated from acne vulgaris in Assiut university hospitals, Egypt

Background: Antibiotics are frequently used to treat acne patients either as bactericidal or anti-inflammatory agents. However, with the increased use of antibiotics, resistant strains of Propionibacterium acnes began to emerge and have been associated with a poor treatment outcome

Objectives: Detection of staphylococcal and Propionibacterium acnes strains in cases of acne vulgaris in Assiut university hospitals, Egypt and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Propionibacterium acnes isolates

Methodology: Microbiological samples were obtained from one hundred patients with inflammatory acne lesions. Samples were cultured on blood agar and mannitol salt agar media under aerobic conditions at 37[degree]c for isolation of staphylococcal strains, and on blood agar under anaerobic conditions at 37[degree]c for 3 to 7 days for isolation of Propionibacterium acnes. Bacteria were identified by colonial morphology, standard biochemical tests, and API 20A test for identification of Propionibacterium acnes isolates. Antibiotic sensitivity testing of Propionibacterium acnes strains was done against clindamycin, erythromycin, doxycyclin, trimethoprime/sulfamethxazole, tetracycline and levofloxacin

Results: Staphylocoocal strains were detected in 55% of acne cases, while Propionibacterium acnes were detected in 35% of cases. Most Propionibacterium acnes isolates were sensitive to levofloxacin [80%], followed by doxycycline [51.4%], tetracycline, trimethoprime/ sulfamethaxazole [20.0% for each] while showed highest resistance rates to clindamycin [85.7%] and erythromycin [82.9%]

Conclusion: Levofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic for Propionibacterium acnes followed by doxycycline, while Erythromycin and clindamycin were the least effective antibiotics for Propionibacterium acnes

Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles by Bacillus laterosporus Using Gamma Radiation.

Aim: This study shows the possible synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) in aerobic optimized conditions using Bacillus laterosporus (B. laterosporus) bacterial strain. Methodology: B. laterosporus was used to reduce selenium ions (selenite anions) to SeNPs by fermentation in Luria-Bertani Enrichment (EM) medium. Optimization of fermentation conditions using two-level full factorial design was performed. SeNPs were further characterized by UV-Vis., DLS, TEM, FT-IR, EDX and XRD analysis. SeNPs synthesis by Gamma irradiated B. laterosporus cells at different radiation doses was reported. Evaluation the probability of B. laterosporus to synthesis SeNPs by fermentation in skimmed milk aerobically. A microtiterplate assay was used to evaluate the ability of SeNPs to inhibit the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Evaluating the antimicrobial activity of some antibiotic agents upon addition of SeNPs was performed. Results: B. laterosporus reduced the soluble, toxic, colorless selenium ions to the insoluble, non-toxic, red elemental SeNPs. Statistical analysis showed that the results were normally distributed. Temperature, incubation period and pH were significant factors in the fermentation process, in which the maximum SeNPs produced (8.37μmole/ml) was at temperature 37ºC, incubation period 48hr, pH7. The Gamma radiation exposure dose 1.5kGy gave the maximum SeNPs produced (10.01 μmole/ml). A pink color appear in the fermented milk revealing the formation of SeNPs-enriched milk. SeNPs inhibit the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a percentage reduction of 99.7%. SeNPs increase the antibacterial activity of fucidic acid by 13.6% and 28.5% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. But with Gentamycin sulphate, no change in the antibacterial activity. Conclusion: SeNPs can be synthesized aerobically by the probiotic B. laterosporus bacterial strain. SeNPs can be incorporated in nutraceuticals and functional foods like milk also can be used to inhibit the bacterial biofilm formation and can be added to some antibacterial creams to enhance their antimicrobial activity.

A study of visual evoked potentials and effect of relaxation technique in patients with migraine.

It is a cross-sectional comparative study in which comparison was done between 1) group A comprising of 15 cases of migraine (without aura) on medication only, 2) group B comprising of 15 cases of migraine (without aura) and practicing Rajyoga meditation and deep breathing and 3) control group who were 15 age matched normal subjects. This study was conducted in the interictal period. The most striking finding was - A decrease in P100 (ms) at post-test in both the eyes in group B, (though this finding is not significant), in contrast to group A which showed a significant increase in P100 (ms) at post-test. Both the groups showed an increase in P100-N75 (μv) & this finding was not significant in both. Multiple comparisons using Tukey test and one way ANOVA showed significant finding between groups and within groups for P100 and N145 latencies for the right eye. No such difference was seen with left eye. We conclude that Rajyoga meditation and deep breathing can be used as adjuncts to routine antimigraine therapy. We advocate the continuous practice of these interventions which might decrease the frequency of attacks & finally the elimination of this problem.

Stability indicating spectrophotometric methods for determination of Tiemonium methylsulphate in the presence of its degradation products.

Simple, selective and sensitive stability indicating spectrophotometric methods have been developed and validated for Tiemonium methylsulphate (TIM) determination in pharmaceutical dosage form. Method A, isoabsorptive point comprised of measurement the total content of the mixture of TIM and its acid degradation product at 250 nm, while the content of acid degradation product was determined by measuring the peak amplitude of the 2D at 295.6nm, then TIM concentration can be determined by subtraction. Method B, the first derivative of ratio spectra was applied by measuring amplitudes of TIM at 224.4 nm and 247.2 nm using 20μg/mL of acid degradation product as a divisor. Method C is the ratio subtraction method. While method D is based on the measurement of first derivative amplitudes of TIM at the zero crossing point of its oxidative degradation product at 250 nm. The percentages mean accuracy for TIM was 100.39±0.33 for method A, 100.59±0.57 and 100.40±0.56 for B, 100.47±0.54% for C and 100.24±0.58% for D methods. The developed methods were validated as per International Conference of Harmonization guidelines. Furthermore, elucidation of the degradation pathway is described based on the use of the infrared spectroscopy and HPLC/MS techniques.

Ozone-oxidative preconditioning prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in sprague-dawley rats

Induced dilated cardiomyopathy is the main limitation of the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin, which causes oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte death. As ozone therapy can activate the antioxidant systems, this study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of ozone-oxidative preconditioning against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. The study was carried out from September 2013 to January 2014. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed in the following treatment groups: Group 1 were treated with 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal [i.p.] of doxorubicin twice a week for 50 days; Group 2 were treated with 0.3 mg of ozone/oxygen mixture at 50 micro g/ mL of ozone per 6 mL of oxygen by rectal insufflation and then treated with doxorubicin; Group 3 were treated as Group 2 but only with the oxygen, and Group 4 were treated with oxygen first, and then with sodium chloride i.p. as the control group. The results showed that ozone therapy preserved left ventricle morphology which was accompanied by a reduction of serum pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels. The cardioprotective effects of ozoneoxidative preconditioning were associated with a significant increase [P <0.05] of antioxidant enzymes activities and a reduction of lipid and protein oxidation [P <0.05]. Ozone-oxidative preconditioning prevents doxorubicin-induced dilated cardiomyopathy through an increase of antioxidant enzymes and a reduction of oxidised macromolecules. This establishes the background for future studies to determine if ozone therapy can be used as a complementary treatment for attenuating doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in cancer patients

potential protective and therapeutic effects of aloe vera juice on malathion induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits

the potential protective and therapeutic effects of Aloe vera juice against malathion induced hepatotoxicity were evaluated in this study. one hundred twelve young male rabbits were used ; they were allocated into two sets of experiments included rabbits treated for short [7 days] and long [21 days] periods. Animals of the first set [short period of treatment] were divided into eight groups; each consisted of four treated groups and four control groups [each treated group had its own control]. The animals of the first group were orally dosed with Aloe vera juice [0.84 ml/kg b. wt]. Rabbits of the second group were orally dosed with malathion [5 mg/kg b. wt.]. The third group animals were dosed orally with malathion concomitant with Aloe vera juice [this group served as the protective group]. Animals of the fourth group were dosed orally with malathion; for 7 days followed by Aloe vera juice for the same period [this group served as the therapeutic group]. The design of the second set [long period of treatment] was exactly similar to that of the short period experiments [divided into eight groups; four treated and four control groups] except the duration of treatment which extended to 21 days. Animals of the control groups of Aloe vera treated rabbits were dosed with distilled water, and those of malathion treated animals were dosed with the solvent of the insecticide. All the animals were sacrificed, blood samples were collected and the serum was used to determine the levels of hepatic enzyme markers: lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], aspartate aminotransferase [ASAT], alanine aminotransferase [ALAT] and alkaline phosphatase [ALP] as well as the total bilirubin. the results revealed that treatment of rabbits with malathion caused marked increase in the serum activity of LDH, ASAT, ALAT and ALP in treated rabbits. Administration of Aloe vera juice [in the protective and therapeutic groups] was found to be effective in lowering the elevated activities of these enzymes to approximate near normal levels for both the short and long periods of treatment, especially in the activity of LDH, ASAT and ALP. The present results suggested that Aloe vera juice has ameliorative effects against hepatotoxicity produced by malathion in the treated rabbits

Protective effect of curcumin and gingko biloba l. extract against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxjcity in rats

Gentamicin [GENT] which is a commonly used antibiotic causes nephrotoxicity in man and animals. Generation of free radicals in the renal cortex plays an important role in the pathogenesis of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Curcumin, the yellow curry pigment isolated from turmeric [the ground rhizome of Curcuma longa L] and Ginkgo biloba extract have been reported to possess antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. The present study was designed to investigate the potential protective role of curcumin, Ginkgo biloba extract, and their combination on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The rats were divided into six groups, 8 animals each. Group 1 rats were treated with GENT [80 mg/kg/day] IM for 6 days. Rats of groups 2, 3, and 4 "were pretreated orally for 4 days with curcumin [200 mg/kg/day], Ginkgo biloba leaf extract [300 mg/kg/day], and a combination of curcumin and Ginkgo biloba leaf extract, respectively before concomitant administration of GENT for additional 6 days. Control groups of animals were treated with pure vehicles IM or orally. Nephrotoxicity was evaluated biochemically and histopathologically. Treatment of rats with GENT produced elevation in serum creatinine, urea levels and severe tubular necrosis. Concomitantly, treatment of rats with GENT produced elevation in serum nitrite level, decrease in renal intracellular reduced glutathione [GSH] level and superoxide dismutase [SOD] activity. Pretreatment of rats with curcumin, Ginkgo biloba extract, or their combination decreased GENT-induced disturbances in kidney function and structure. In addition, pretreatment of rats with curcumin, Ginkgo biloba extract, or their combination decreased GENT-induced alterations in serum nitrite level, renal intracellular GSH level and SOD activity. The combined treatment was more effective than either agent alone. These results indicate that curcumin, Ginkgo biloba extract, or their combination has the ability to protect against GENT-induced nephrotoxicity. Inhibition of oxidative stress and nitric oxide production may play an important role in these protective effects

JAK2 V617F mutation in myeloproliferative neoplasms

Myeloproliferative neoplasms [MPNs] are clonal hematopoietic stem cell Malignancies characterized by excessive production of blood cell :they include polycythemia vera [PV],essential thrombocythemia [ET],Myelofibrosis [MF] and chronic inyeloid leukemia [CML].A somatic mutation in the Janus Kinase gene on chromosome 9: a guanine to thymine point mutation at nucleotide 1849 in exon 14,results in substitution of valine to phenylalanine atfcodon 617 this mutation contributes to the expansion of the MPN clone by increasing tyrosine phosphorylation activity providing hematopoietic [dh with a proliferative and survival advantage. The present work aimed to study the expression of JAK2 V617 F mutation by Real time PCR in myeloproliferative neoplasms patients. This study included /5 MPNs patients ;19 cases were diagnosed as PV 10 cases were diagnosed as ET16 cases were diagnosed as MF .20 age and sex matched individuals were also included as a control group. In MPNs patients,JAK2 mutation was expressed in 62%, in P V, ET an d MF patients 79%, 60% and 44% of cases had JAK2 mutation respectively. There was highly significant relationship between JAk2 mutation expression and patients' laboratory findings as regards hemoglobin level, total leucocytic count in PV positive JAK2 mutation patients and platelets count in ET positive JAK2 mutation patients. JAK2, mutation expression was associated with increased risk of MPNs .We concluded from this study that JAK2 mutation plays a fundamental role in the palhogenesis and development of MPNs ,and its detection is very useful to confirm the diagnosis and help in treatment and follow up of MPNs patients

Protective role of curcumin against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-dioxin-induced histological and biochemical changes in fundic mucosa of the adult rat stomach

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-dioxin [TCDD] is released into the environment from different activities and industrial sources, with a higher incidence of gastric exposure. This work aimed to study the histological and biochemical changes induced by TCDD in the fundic mucosa and the possible protective role of curcumin against these changes. Thirty adult female albino rats were classified into three groups: the control group [group I]; the TCDD group [group II], in which rats received 100 microg/kg TCDD orally for 3 months; and the curcumin+TCDD group [group III], in which rats received an oral dose of 80 mg/kg curcumin in concurrence with TCDD for 3 months. The serum level of the gastrin hormone was measured. Samples from the fundus of the stomach were stained with H and E, Van Gieson, and PAS/alcian blue and for immunohistochemical detection of aryl hydrocarbon receptors [AHR] and chromogranin A. Morphometric and electron microscopic studies were also carried out. Hyperplasia and metaplastic mucosal changes, together with enteroendocrine cell hyperplasia, were evident. Moreover, glandular degeneration, areas of atrophic gastritis, cellular apoptosis, and gastric ulcers were detected. The previous results could be explained by both TCDD-induced hypergastrinemia and increased AHR expression. In contrast, curcumin appeared to have a propitious protective effect against TCDD-induced gastric affection. Most of the TCDD-induced gastric changes were not observed in group III. It was concluded that the gastric mucosa is sensitive to the toxic effects of TCDD and curcumin can be used to avoid TCDD-induced gastric complications

Testicular toxic changes induced by bisphenol A in adult albino rats: a histological, biochemical, and immunohistochemical study

Bisphenol A [BPA] is an endocrine disruptor that is incorporated in many plastic industries worldwide. The exposure of humans to such substances starts from the fetal life to the postnatal life and extends throughout the life of the individual. Many agencies have raised warnings against the excessive use of such substances. The present study was designed to evaluate the biochemical and histological changes induced by BPA in the testis of adult male albino rats and to detect the ability of self-regeneration after stoppage. Thirty-two adult male albino rats were used. The rats were divided equally into four groups [eight animals each]. Groups I and II were used as negative and positive control groups, respectively. Rats of group III were given an oral dose of 50 mg/kg of BPA per day for 8 weeks. In group IV, the rats were treated in the same manner as in group III and then left without treatment for 4 weeks for recovery. At the time of sacrifice, all rats were anesthetized with ether, and blood samples were collected for estimation of testosterone. The testes were dissected out and processed for testicular malondialdehyde and glutathione measurement and light and electron microscopic examination. The diameter and epithelial height of the seminiferous tubules were estimated morphometrically and statistically analyzed. Biochemical results of the BPA-treated group [group III] revealed testicular affection with oxidative stress. Testes of this group showed many distorted seminiferous tubules lined by disorganized epithelium and separated with wide interstitium containing congested blood vessels. Apoptotic nuclei of some spermatids and intercellular spaces were also seen. There was a decrease in estrogen receptors. Statistical analysis of epithelial height and tubular diameter confirmed the results. However, in the recovery group [group IV], the histological and the biochemical changes were reduced but did not return to normal. These results demonstrated that BPA had deleterious effects on the testis with some sort of self-recovery after stoppage

Isolated antral inverted L- shaped tube with vascularized pedicle for reconstruction of bismuth type iv bile duct injuries. A live animal experimental study

Surgical repair of hilar biliary injuries is difficult and remains a challenge which requires specific skills and experience. The aim of this study is to improve the outcome of surgical repair of type IV Bismuth BDI in situations in which there is extensive tissue loss by introducing the novel technique of isolated L-shaped tube of biliary reconstruction. This technique is tested in a live animal experimental study. Twenty mongrel dogs underwent biliary reconstruction using antral tube harvested and completely separated from the greater curvature of the stomach with its blood supply based upon right gastroepiploic vessels. The tube was anastmosed to LHD by end to end anastmosis then to RHD by end to side anastmosis then to duodenum. Postoperative mortality, morbidity, liver functions, gross and microscopic histologic pictures were assessed. One dog died from anaesthetic complication and another three dogs died due to abdominal sepsis. Sixteen dogs survived the procedure and showed uneventful course with no cholestasis. The mean internal diameter at the site of anastmosis with pedicled antral tube was 2.1 mm [range 2-3] for RHD, 3.2 mm [range 3-5] for LHD and 6.5 mm [range 5-7.5] for duodenum. Histologically, anastomotic sites showed good evidence of healing. In mongrel dogs surgical repair of Bismuth type IV bile duct injuries using isolated antral inverted L-shaped tube with a vzscularized pedicle is feasible and produces satisfactory results regarding biliary complications, anastomotic circumference and histological evidence of healing