ABSTRACT
Objective: Endodontic perforation is a challenging mishap that should be repaired with a biocompatible material, Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine are the most commonly used repair materials. However, these materials are expensive, (MTA) has prolonged setting time and difficult manipulation. The purpose of this study is to prepare the experimental nano calcium-aluminate/tri-calcium-silicate (CA/C3S) material and comparing its physical properties with biodentine and MTA, to evaluate the experimental material eligibility to compete the commercial repair materials. And to perform part two (animal study) that will evaluate the cytotoxicity, the biocompatibility and the efficacy of (CA/C3S) in furcal perforation repair compared to diode laser. Material and Methods: A mixture of calcium carbonate and aluminum oxide was used to formulate calcium aluminate phase (CA), tri-calcium-Silicate phase (C3S) was formulated by firing of calcium carbonate and quartz. The produced powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction, then (CA) and (C3S) mixed with water.(CA/ C3S) compared with MTA and biodentine for setting-time, micro-hardness, dimensional-stability and solubility. Results: Mean setting time of (CA/C3S) was (32.70±0.75min) which is significantly higher than MTA and Biodentine. The Mean microhardness of (CA/C3S) was (56.50±7.41VHN) which has no statical difference with MTA and Biodentine. Solubility results showed weight increase for (CA/C3S) as following (6.29±3.05)and loss of weight for MTA and Biodentine. The percentage of change in dimensions for(CA/C3S) increased as following (0.64±0.78) while decreased for MTA and Biodentine. Conclusion: The experimental (CA/C3S) material showed good microhardness, dimensional stability and acceptable setting time that could be improved in further work (AU)
Objetivo: A perfuração endodôntica é um percalço desafiador que deve ser reparado com um material biocompatível, Agregado de trióxido mineral (MTA) e Biodentina são os materiais de reparo mais comumente usados. No entanto, esses materiais são caros, (MTA) tem tempo de presa prolongado e difícil manipulação. O objetivo deste estudo é preparar o material experimental de nano aluminato de cálcio/silicato tricálcico (CA/C3S) e comparar suas propriedades físicas com biodentina e MTA, para avaliar a elegibilidade do material experimental para competir com os materiais de reparo comerciais. E realizar a segunda parte (estudo animal) que avaliará a citotoxicidade, a biocompatibilidade e a eficácia do (CA/C3S) no reparo de perfuração de furca em comparação ao laser de diodo.Material e Métodos: Uma mistura de carbonato de cálcio e óxido de alumínio foi usada para formular a fase de aluminato de cálcio (CA), a fase tri-cálcio-silicato (C3S) foi formulada por queima de carbonato de cálcio e quartzo. Os pós produzidos foram investigados por difração de raios X, em seguida (CA) e (C3S) misturados com água. (CA/ C3S) comparados com MTA e biodentina para tempo de presa, microdureza, estabilidade dimensional e solubilidade. Resultados: O tempo médio de presa de (CA/C3S) foi (32,70±0,75min) que é significativamente maior que MTA e Biodentine. A microdureza média de (CA/C3S) foi (56,50±7,41VHN) que não tem diferença estática com MTA e Biodentine. Os resultados de solubilidade mostraram aumento de peso para (CA/C3S) conforme a seguir (6,29±3,05) e perda de peso para MTA e Biodentine. A porcentagem de mudança nas dimensões para (CA/C3S) aumentou como segue (0,64±0,78), enquanto diminuiu para MTA e Biodentine. Conclusão: O material experimental (CA/C3S) apresentou boa microdureza, estabilidade dimensional e aceitável tempo de presa, que pode ser melhorado em trabalhos futuros (AU)
Subject(s)
X-Ray Diffraction , Biocompatible Materials , Calcium Carbonate , Lasers, Solid-State , Aluminum OxideABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Negative consequences of chemotherapy on brain function were suggested and were addressed in animal models as the clinical phenomenon of chemobrain .It was postulated that adriamycin (ADR) induce changes in behaviour and in brain morphology. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) could be induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells .The present study aimed at investigating the possible therapeutic effect of HUCMSC therapy on adriamycin induced chemobrain in rat. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty five female albino rats were divided into control group, ADR group where rats were given single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 5 mg/kg ADR. The rats were sacrificed two and four weeks following confirmation of brain damage. In stem cell therapy group, rats were injected with HUCMSCs following confirmation of brain damage and sacrificed two and four weeks after therapy. Brain sections were exposed to histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and morphometric studies. In ADR group, multiple shrunken neurons exhibiting dark nuclei and surrounded by vacuoles were seen .In response to SC therapy ,multiple normal pyramidal nerve cells were noted. The area of shrunken nerve cells exhibiting dark nuclei, Prussion blue and CD105 positive cells were significantly different in ADR group in comparison to SC therapy group. CONCLUSIONS: ADR induced progressive duration dependant cerebral degenerative changes. These changes were ameliorated following cord blood human mesenchymal stem cell therapy. A reciprocal relation was recorded between the extent of regeneration and the existence of undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Rats , Brain , Doxorubicin , Drug Therapy , Fetal Blood , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Models, Animal , Neurons , Regeneration , Stem Cells , Umbilical Cord , VacuolesABSTRACT
Sustained liver injury causes the development of fibrosis. For patients with end-stage fibrosis [cirrhosis] with subsequent portal hypertension, liver failure, and hepatocellular cancer, liver transplantation is the only effective method of treatment. However, it is associated with several complications and side effects. The present study aimed to determine the possible effect of human cord blood mesenchymal stem cell therapy on liver injury using amiodarone as a model of induced liver damage in albino rats. Twenty-three adult male albino rats were divided into three groups: group I [control] included six rats that were given 0.5ml Tween 80 orally for 2 weeks, group II included 10 rats that were given 5.4mg of amiodarone orally for 2 weeks, and group III included seven rats that were injected with stem cells in the tail vein following confirmation of liver damage and held for 4 weeks before sacrifice. Liver specimens were processed. Sections were subjected to the following stains: H and E, Masson's trichrome, and Prussian blue. Immunohistochemical studies were carried out for CD44 and human APF. Digital image analysis was used to determine the area% of collagen fibers and the optical density of alpha-fetoprotein-positive cells. The results were compared statistically. In group II, congested dilated blood sinusoids were observed. Some hepatocytes showed dark nuclei. Some hepatocytes appeared with dark nuclei and a strong acidophilic cytoplasm; others were ballooned. Mallory bodies were observed. Some portal areas showed intense mononuclear cellular infiltration. Extensive collagen fibers existed around some central veins and portal tracts and increased area% of collagen fibers was observed. Most histological findings were improved in group III. In addition, multiple-positive alpha-fetoprotein immunostained cells were detected and proved morphometrically by their increased mean optical density in comparison with group II. It can be concluded that cord blood mesenchymal stem cell therapy induces amelioration in morphological changes associated with amiodarone-induced liver injury, provided therapy is initiated early in the development of the injury
Subject(s)
Male , Animals, Laboratory , Liver/pathology , Histology , Immunohistochemistry , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Treatment Outcome , MaleABSTRACT
Optimization of the post-ischemic myocardial function remains an elusive goal. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementation of a specific mixture of amino acids on ischemia and reperfusion induced damage in isolated rabbit heart. Four groups were included in this study: groupl [control group] with isolated hearts perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution for 2 h, group2 [ischemia-reperfusion group], group 3 [immediate amino-acids group] in which the hearts were perfused with the specific amino-acids mixture added to Krebs solution and group 4 [long term amino-acids group] this group received oral amino-acids mixture for 25 days before decapitation. The isolated hearts of group 2, 3 and 4 were subjected to 30 minutes pre-ischemic perfusion then 30 minutes of ischemia followed by 60 minutes of post-ischemic reperfusion using the Langhendorff technique and cardiac developed pressure, diastolic pressure, contractility index [dp/dt] and heart rate were measured during these phases as well as in group 1 at the end of 2h perfusion. Creatine kinase [CK] was measured in the collected cardiac perfusate at the end of the ischemic phase. Apoptosis was assessed in the heart by measurement of Pas protein level in heart tissue at the end of post-ischemic reperfusion using Elisa and by histological examination of the heart using the light and electron microscopes. Immediate perfusion of the heart with the amino acid mixture in group 3 significantly improved its pre-ischemic developed pressure with a median of 169mmHg compared to that of group 1 [88.5mmHg], group 2 [81mrnHg] and group 4 [99mmHg]. Long term amino acids supplementation in group 4 increased insignificantly its pre-ischemic developed pressure compared to that of group 1 and 2 while it increased significantly group 4 developed pressure with a median of21mmHg compared to that of group 2 [6mmHg] during ischemia.However the developed pressure in group 3 and 4 didn't show any significant change compared to group 1 and 2 during the whole period of post-ischemic reperfusion. Moreover the rise in the diastolic pressure during the post-ischemic reperfusion phase at 10, 30 and 60 minutes was significantly reduced in group 3 with a median of 21.5mmHg at 10 minutes, 19mmHg at 30 minutes and 15.5mmHg at 60 minutes; also it was significantly reduced in group 4 with a median of 13 mmHg at lOmin, 15.75mmHg at 30min and 10,75mmHg at 60min as compared to group 2 diastolic pressure median which was 37.5mmHg at lOmin, 36.25mmHg at 30min and 35.5mmHg at 60min. However there was no significant change in the diastolic pressure during pre-ischemic and ischemic phases in group 3 and 4 compared to group 2. Moreover group 3 and 4 showed no significant change in the pre-ischemic, ischemic and post-ischemic dp/dt contractility index and in the heart rate compared to group 1 and 2. The creatine kinase as a parameter of cardiac ischemia was insignificantly reduced in group 3 and 4 compared to group 2. While Fas protein level as an index of apoptosis showed a significant decrease in group 4 compared to group 2 and 3. Light and electronic microscopic examination revealed a significant improvement in the apoptotic features in group 3 and 4 compared to group 2 with normal nuclear size with condensed chromatin in H and E. Nuclei in group 4 were closer in appearance to those of the control group with normal mitochondria. In conclusion both immediate and long-term amino acids improved the cardiac performance, improved myocytees survival through decreasing Fas activation in cardiac cells during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and reduced ischemia-reperfusion damage suggesting that mixed amino acids supplementation may be clinically useful as adjunct to conventional anti-ischemic agents.
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Male , Heart/ultrastructure , Apoptosis , Amino Acids , Rabbits , Creatine Kinase , fas Receptor , Microscopy, Electron , Myocardial IschemiaABSTRACT
Bhang is the raw dried leaves of the plant cannabis sativa, it is the mostly abused illegal substance in Egypt, especially among youth and young subjects. In order to discover the occult dangerous effects on both cellular morphology and function of the testicular tissue, this study was carried on. Three groups [a: control, b: experimental, and c: recovery] of rats in every age group; Group I [young subjects] and Group II [Adult subjects], every group included 20 rats, were included in the study, namely control, experimental, and recovery groups. Members of the groups Ib, Ic, IIb, and IIb, were exposed to bhang smoke daily [15 minutes/day x 90 days], after which period the members of the groups Ib and lIb were sacrified, whereas members of the groups Ic and IIc were subjected to 60-day-period of recovery [non-exposure], after which period they were also sacrified. Prior to sacrifaction, a blood sample was withdrawn from each animal to measure its serum testosterone level. After sacrifaction, testicular specimens were taken, fixed, and examined by light and electron microscopy. Results revealed that the percentage of the average numbers of testicular spermatogonia in group Ib/Ia was 51.6%, that of sepermatocytes 70%, whereas spermatogonia in group Ilb/lla was 22.4%, and that of sepermatocytes in group Ilb/lla 55.5%. On the other hand, the percentage of the average numbers of spermatogonia in group Ilc/Ila was 19.2%, primary sperrnatocytes 64.9%. Concerning percentage of average of the number of spermatogonia in groups Ic/Ia was 13.8%. Serum testosterone levels were significantly decreased especially in the groups Ib and Ic. Thus, it is to conclude from this study that young subjects taking bhang could be exposed to the risk of infertility and/or erectile dysfunction, with a specifically magnified danger of those starting before puberty