ABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the radiopacity, compressive strength, setting time and bioactivity of Biodentine after modification with Ytterbium Tri-Fluoride (YbF3) in three different concentrations. Material and Methods: Radiopacity was determined using the equivalence in millimeters of aluminum (mm Al) from digital radiographs. Compressive strength was evaluated using a universal testing machine. The initial and final setting times were evaluated using Gillmore needle. The bioactive potential was evaluated using the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) connected with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) at three different time intervals. pH was measured using a pH-meter. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc tests (P≤ 0.05). Results: Radiopacity of Biodentine with 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% YbF3 was significantly higher than unmodified Biodentine (P ≤ 0.05). Unmodified Biodentine showed the highest mean compressive strength values compared to all other groups (p≤ 0.05). The addition of YbF3 to Biodentine has extended the final setting time except for the 2.5% YbF3 group that showed no significant difference compared to the control. All groups showed an alkaline pH at 28 days, ESEM coupled with EDX analysis showed evidence of dense globules of calcium phosphate on the surface indicating enhancement of bioactivity. Conclusion: 2.5% YbF3 can be a promising radiopacifying agent to Biodentine with improvement in radiopacity, bioactive potential and maintaining the setting time and compressive strength at acceptable level as indicated by the ISO standards (AU)
Objetivo: O estudo buscou avaliar a radiopacidade, resistência à compressão, tempo de presa e bioatividade da Biodentina modificada por Trifluoreto de itérbio (YbF3). Materiais e Métodos: YbF3 foi incorporado ao pó de Biodentina e dividido em 4 grupos (X0, X1, X2 e X3) de acordo com a concentração de YbF3; 0%, 2.5%, 5% e 7.5% do peso, respectivamente. Os espécimes foram preparados para cada experimento com um total de 40 espécimes para cada teste (n=10 por grupo). A radiopacidade foi determinada através do uso equivalente em milímetros de alumínio. A resistência a compressão foi avaliada através do uso de uma máquina de teste universal. O tempo inicial e final foi avaliado através de uma agulha de Gillmore. O potencial bioativo foi avaliado através do Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (ESEM), conectado com a análise de espectroscopia de raios X por energia dispersiva (EDX) e difração de raio X (DRX). O pH foi mensurado através do uso de um pHmetro. Os dados foram analisados pelo ANOVA seguido do Test Tukey. Resultados: A radiopacidade nos grupos X1, X2 e X3 foi significantemente maior do que no grupo X0. O grupo X0 mostrou a maior resistência à compressão comparado com os outros grupos. A adição de YbF3 a Biodentina excedeu o tempo final exceto pelo grupo X1, que não apresentou diferença estatística significante quando comparado com o grupo X0. Todos os grupos apresentaram um pH alcalino com 28 dias. ESEM com análise EDX mostrou evidência de densos glóbulos de fosfato de cálcio na superfície, indicando uma melhora na bioatividade. Conclusão: 2.5% YbF3 é um promissor radiopacificador para Biodentina, que aumentou a radiopacidade e potencial bioativo enquanto manteve o tempo definido e a resistência à compressão em níveis aceitáveis como indica a norma ISO.(AU)
Subject(s)
Ytterbium , Contrast Media , Dental Materials , DentistryABSTRACT
Objective: To comparatively evaluate the effect of resin infiltration, bleaching and bleaching followed by resin infiltration on the surface roughness and microhardness of human enamel with induced white spot lesions (WSLs) and their resistance to acidic challenge. Material and Methods: Sixty human specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n=20) according to the treatment modality applied; group I Icon® resin infiltration, group II bleaching and group III bleaching followed by Icon® resin infiltration. For each treatment modality, 10 specimens were tested for surface roughness and another 10 for microhardness. WSLs were artificially induced in all specimens and after treatment, all specimens were subjected to acidic challenge. Surface roughness was measured by the tapping mode of the atomic force microscope (AFM) and microhardness was measured by digital Vickers hardness tester at baseline, after induction of WSLs, after treatment and after acidic challenge. Results: Groups I and III showed significant reduction in surface roughness after treatment, while group II showed significant increase. Groups I and III showed significant increase in the microhardness after treatment, while group II showed insignificant increase. The three tested groups showed significant increase in surface roughness values and significant reduction in microhardness after acidic challenge. Conclusion: Resin infiltration and bleaching followed by resin infiltration reduced the surface roughness and enhanced the microhardness of the WSLs. The three treatment modalities failed to resist acidic challenge resulting in increasing surface roughness and reducing microhardness. (AU)
Objetivo: Avaliar comparativamente o efeito do infiltrante resinoso, clareamento e clareamento seguido de infiltração resinosa sobre a rugosidade e microdureza superficial do esmalte humano com lesões de manchas brancas induzidas (WSLs) e sua resistência ao desafio erosivo. Material e Métodos: Sessenta espécimes humanos foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos (n = 20) de acordo com a modalidade de tratamento aplicada; grupo I infiltrante resinoso Icon®, grupo II clareamento e grupo III clareamento seguido de infiltração resinosa Icon®. Para cada modalidade de tratamento, 10 corpos-de-prova foram testados para rugosidade superficial e outros 10 para microdureza. WSLs foram artificialmente induzidos em todas as amostras e, após o tratamento, todas as amostras foram submetidas ao desafio erosivo. A rugosidade de superfície foi medida por microscopia de força atômica em modo de contato intermitente (AFM) e a microdureza Vickers foi medida inicialmente, após a indução de WSLs, após o tratamento e após o desafio ácido. Resultados: Os grupos I e III apresentaram redução significativa da rugosidade superficial após o tratamento, enquanto o grupo II apresentou aumento significativo. Os grupos I e III apresentaram aumento significativo na microdureza após o tratamento, enquanto o grupo II apresentou aumento insignificante. Os três grupos testados mostraram aumento significativo nos valores de rugosidade superficial e redução significativa na microdureza após o desafio erosivo. Conclusão: O infiltrante resinoso e o clareamento seguido de infiltração resinosa reduziram a rugosidade de superfície e aumentaram a microdureza dos WSLs. As três modalidades de tratamento falharam em resistir ao desafio erosivo, resultando em aumento da rugosidade de superfície e redução da microdureza.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Tooth Bleaching , Dental Caries , Dental Enamel , Dental LeakageABSTRACT
Blastocystis is an enteric Straminopile in tropical, subtropical and developing countries. Metronidazole has been a chemotheraputic for blastocystosis. Failures in its regimens were reported and necessitate new studies searching for alternative therapeutic agents. Aim of current study is to investigate potential effects of Atorvastatin (AVA) compared to the conventional chemotherapeutic MTZ in experimentally Blastocystis-infected mice. Anti-Blastocystis efficacy of AVA was evaluated parasitologically, histopathologically and by transmission electron microscopy using MTZ (10 mg/kg) as a control. Therapeutic efficacy of AVA was apparently dose-dependent. Regimens of AVA (20 and 40 mg/kg) proved effective against Blastocystis infections with high reduction in Blastocystis shedding (93.4–97.9%) compared to MTZ (79.3%). The highest reductions (98.1% and 99.4%) were recorded in groups of combination treatments AVA 20–40 mg/kg and MTZ 10 mg/kg. Blastocystis was nearly eradicated by the 20th day post infection. Genotype analysis revealed that genotype I was most susceptible, genotype III was less. Histopathologic and ultrastructural studies revealed apoptotic changes in Blastocystis and significant improvement of intestinal histopathological changes more remarkable in combinational therapy groups. Thus, the present study offers AVA as a potential candidate for Blastocystis therapy combined with MTZ.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Atorvastatin , Blastocystis , Blastocystis Infections , Developing Countries , Genotype , Metronidazole , Microscopy, Electron, TransmissionABSTRACT
Introduction: obesity among children and adolescents is rising for more than two decades, appears to have hit a plateau. Obesity increases the risk for serious health conditions that affect their present, future health and quality of life, including insulin-resistance type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, abnormal blood lipid levels and low self-esteem. Over weight kids may be more likely to develop unhealthy dieting habits and eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia, and they may be more prone to depression and substance abuse. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of adolescents in preparatory schools in Ismailia city-Egypt
Subjects and methods: This is a school-based cross sectional study that was carried out on 608 adolescents in some of the preparatory schools in Ismailia city according to randomization. The methods that were used included questionnaires to assess: [1] personal history, [2] family socio-economic status, [3] knowledge of the child towards obesity, healthy diet and importance of sports, [4] attitude of the child regarding eating habits, [5] the child's physical activity, [6] the child's daily screens' watching hours, [7] psychological impact of obesity on both the obese child and his family. The BMI percentile of the studied adolescents was also measured
Results: more than three fourth [87.2%] of the studied population falls under the normal weight categorization while 7.7% of them are overweight and 5.1% are obese. Statistically significant relations were proved between obesity and: illiterate mothers, high mother's educational level, adolescent's attitude regarding eating habits, practice of sports and physical inactivity. Psychological consequences of obesity were evident among obese adolescents as in 33.3% of the subjects there was a severe effect of obesity on their psychological status
Conclusion: associated with changes in life style in recent years, obesity has been increased steadily among children and adolescents. In this cross sectional study; adolescent's attitude regarding eating habits and his/her practices regarding physical activity are highly affecting obesity. On the other hand, Obesity severely affects the psychological state of obese adolescents
ABSTRACT
Liver fibrosis is seen as scar formation and considered as a sign of hepatic injury in many chronic liver diseases. Currently there is no effective treatment available. Human umbilical cord blood [HUCB] contains stem / progenitor cells, which can differentiate into a variety of cell types. They can differentiate into hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo and can ameliorate fives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HUCB stem cells on fibrosis formation induced by carbon tetrachloride [CC14] and on liver function in mice. Hepatic fibrosis was induced by CC14. HLCB stem cells were infused systemically through the tail vein immediately [group 1] or after one week of receiving CC14 [group 2]. Group 3 received only CC14. Administration of CC14 was continued for 10 weeks in G1, G2 and G3, while group 4 [control mice] received only saline infusion for 10 weeks. After that blood from all groups was collected for assessment of the liver function, then all mice were sacrificed under anesthesia, and the liver was taken for histopathological examination. It was found that the level of alanine aminotransferase [ALT] in mice treated with stem cells alter CC14 administration was significantly lower while s. albumin was significantly higher compared to group 3 animals who received CC14 without stem cell treatment [P=0.001], whereas serum total and direct bilirubin levels were similar among all groups. Histological examination revealed that hepatic damage was less in the stem cell treated mice [G1 and G2] than in the non treated group [as regards the liver cell changes, portal tract inflammation, piecemeal necrosis, portal tract fibrosis and bridging fibrosis]. The results were statistically significant. However, liver inflammation and fibrosis were more in mice treated after 1 week than in immediately treated mice. The results suggest that HUCB stem cells can improve liver function and ameliorate liver fibrosis in mice
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Stem Cells , Liver Regeneration , Carbon Tetrachloride/toxicity , Liver Cirrhosis , Liver Function Tests , Mice , Models, AnimalABSTRACT
Although the change in therapy of bronchial asthma towards inhaled corticosteroids [ICS] is supported by both pathophysiological findings and efficacy data, its safety is often questioned. Many pediatricians are still concerned about the potential adverse effects of long-term treatment with inhaled corticosteroids, particularly on growth. As a result, this class of medication remains underused in children in many countries. The objective of this study is to compare the formation and degradation markers of bone turnover in asthmatic children who are using inhaled fluticasone propionate [FP]. The present study included 45 asthmatic children, of the age group 6-12 years, They were divided into two groups: Group 1: 26 patient with mild to moderate persistent asthma, receiving FP via pressurized metered dose inhalers [pMDI] at dosages equal to or below 200 mcg/day and Group II: 19 patients with moderate to severe persistent asthma, receiving FP at doses above 200 mcg/day. The study also included 14 healthy, nonatopic, non-asthmatic children as controls. All asthmatic children were subjected to: full medical history taking, symptom score calculation, thorough clinical examination, anthropometric measurements, Peak expiratory flow rate [PEFR] monitoring as well as pulmonary function testing before and after treatment, laboratory investigations including CBC with absolute eosinophilic count [AEC] calculation and total serum IgE once, serum calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase. Carboxy terminal of procollagen I [PICP] and Carboxy terminal telopeptide of type I collagen [ICTP] by radioimmunoassay as markers for bone formation and degradation respectively, before and after treatment with inhaled FP for 6 months. PICP and ICTP were also assessed once in controls. The results of the present work demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in asthma symptom score in both groups, as well as improvement of all asthma symptoms. A statistically significant increase in mean weight and height was observed in both groups that was within the normal percentiles. However, no statistically significant increase in mean body mass index [BMI] was demonstrated in either group. As regards pulmonary functions, a statistically significant increase in mean Forced expiratory volume in the first second [FEV[1]] Forced expiratory volume in the first second/Forced vital capacity [FEV[1]/FVC] and Forced expiratory flow through the midportion of the FVC [FEF[25-75]] was detected after treatment. No statistically significant difference between pre-and post-treatment mean values of serum calcium, phosphorous, and alkaline phosphatase was demonstrated. However, a statistically significant decrease was observed in post-treatment mean values of both PICP and ICTP as compared to pretreatment values with a significant positive correlation between both analytes implying a decrease in rate of bone turnover. No suppression of statural growth should occur in asthmatic children treated with inhaled FP if used at the conventional doses tailored to disease severity. A slowing down of bone turnover rate may occur, which is coupled for both formation and degradation markers. PICP and ICTP are sensitive markers that might be early indicators for potential growth suppression