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Objective:To explore an efficient method of practical teaching for ultrasonography.Methods:There were 41 five-year clinical medical students intending to learn ultrasonography in the spring semester of 2019. After completing common theory courses, they were divided into two groups randomly for practice courses, which consisted of two modules: Lecture and Hands-on. Lecture included case-based learning while Hands-on included pictures reading. Each group followed different sequence of modules. There were assessments of ultrasound theory, practice or the combination of both before, during and after practice courses.Results:The theory and practice ability of each group improved significantly after practice courses ( P < 0.05). Moreover, the group whose Hands-on module preceded Lecture module got the higher scores in the evaluation of the combined ability of theory and practice ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The theory was as important as the practice during the clerkship of ultrasonography. The clinical practical teaching pattern that Hands-on precedes Lecture has achieved better teaching effects.
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Objective To investigate the expression relationship between microRNA-206 and Bcl-2 and its clinical significance in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods Thirty- one patients with TNBC from April 2013 to August 2017 were selected. Tumor tissues and matched normal tissue were collected. The Bcl-2 level in tissue samples was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the microRNA-206 expression was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The correlation of Bcl-2 and microRNA-206 with the clinical pathological characteristic of patients was analyzed. The TNBC cell line (MDA-MB-231) was cultured and transfected with microRNA-206 mimics in order to up-regulate the microRNA-206 level. The expression changes of Bcl-2 after microRNA-206 up-regulation were estimated by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The proliferation change of MDA-MB-231 was measured by CCK-8 cell viability kit. Results The total Bcl-2 positive rate in TNBC tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues:64.52％(20/31) vs. 35.48％(11/31), and there was statistical difference (χ2=5.226, P=0.022). The relative level of microRNA-206 in tissues from TNBC patients with higher expression of Bcl-2 was significantly lower than that in tissues from TNBC patients with lower Bcl-2 level (0.645 ± 0.062 vs. 1.000 ± 0.181), and there was statistical difference (t=6.363, P=0.003). In TNBC patients, the Bcl-2 level in tumor tissues was related to lymphatic metastasis, TNM stage and tumor size (χ2=4.917, 8.791 and 6.091; P = 0.026, 0.003 and 0.013). The microRNA-206 was associated with lymphatic metastasis and tumor size (χ2 = 6.856 and 4.774, P = 0.008 and 0.028). After up-regulation of microRNA-206, the relative mRNA Bcl- 2 decreased to 0.641 ± 0.031, compared with non- transfection control (1.000 ± 0.164), and the difference was statistically significant (t=7.468, P=0.001). Also the protein of Bcl-2 was reduced. Up-regulated microRNA-206 restrained the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells. Conclusions MicroRNA-206 may regulate the level of Bcl-2 in TNBC. This regulation relationship is involved with the development of TNBC.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of licorice flavonoid (LF) on kainic acid (KA)-induced seizure in mice and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male adult ICR mice were injected with 25 mg/kg KA to induce temporal lobe seizure. LF was administrated 7 d before seizure induction (pre-treatment) or 24 h after seizure induction (post-treatment) for 7 d. Acute seizure latency, seizure stage and duration were observed and compared between LF- and vehicle-treated mice. From d2 on, mice with status epilepticus were video-monitored for spontaneous seizures, 10 h/d for 6 w. Immunohistochemical analysis of BrdU and Timm staining was conducted to detect the neurogenesis and mossy fiber sprouting, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No significant difference was observed in acute seizure latency, seizure stage and duration between LF-and vehicle-treated mice. KA-induced acute seizure resulted in spontaneous seizure in mice, and the seizure frequency was increased with time. Pre- and post-treatment with LF decreased seizure frequency from w3 after modeling [(0.58±0.15)/d, (0.38±0.38)/d vs (1.23±0.23)/d, P <0.05]. Furthermore, KA-induced seizure resulted in robust neurogenesis and mossy fiber sprouting, while treatment with LF both pre- and post- KA injection significantly inhibited neurogenesis (15.6±2.6, 17.1±3.1 vs 28.9±3.5, P <0.05) and mossy fiber sprouting (1.33±0.31, 1.56±0.42 vs 3.0±0.37, P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LF has no significant anti-seizure effect. However, it can decrease epileptogenesis through inhibition of neurogenesis and mossy fiber sprouting.</p>