Advances on cardiovascular effects of GLP-lRAs / 中国药理学通报

Glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1 ) is secreted by gut enteroendocrine cells. GLP-1 receptor agonists ( GLP-1 RAs) control glucose-related augmentation of insulin and suppress glu-cagon secretion. GLP-lRAs also inhibit gastric emptying, food intake and limit weight gain. In the past decade, significant progresses have been made in the investigation on the effects of GLP-1 RAs on cardiovascular system. The potential advantages of oral small-molecule GLP-1 RAs could improve the application of this class of drugs. This review highlights the multiple cardiovascular profiles of GLP-1 RAs in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases to provide new insights into cardiovascular benefits of GLP-1 RAs.

Investigation of Anisakis infections in coastal marine fishes and awareness of anisakiasis control knowledge among residents in Yantai City in 2021 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Anisakis infections in coastal marine fishes and awareness of anisakiasis control knowledge among local residents in Yantai City, Shandong Province in 2021, so as to provide insights into formulation of anisakiasis control interventions. Methods Marine fishes were purchased from Shunxin Port, Yantai City, Shandong Province in November 2021, and the presence of Anisakis was detected in different species of fishes and different fish sites. The correlations between body length and weight of marine fish and intensity of Anisakis infections were examined using Spearman’s rank correlation analysis, and the dietary habits and anisakiasis control knowledge were investigated using questionnaire surveys among local residents. Results A total of 201 marine fishes belonging to 20 species were dissected, and Anisakis was detected in 77 marine fishes (38.31%) belonging to 11 species (55.00%), with a mean infection intensity of 45.04 parasites per fish (3 468/77). Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed that the body length (rs = 0.74, P < 0.05) and weight (rs = 0.79, P < 0.01) of the monkfish correlated positively with the intensity of Anisakis infections, and the body length (rs = 0.68, P < 0.05) of the flatfish correlated positively with the intensity of Anisakis infections, while no correlations were examined between the body length or weight of other marine fishes and the intensity of Anisakis infections. Of all respondents, 53.38% men and 56.67% women did not know anisakiasis control knowledge at all, and there was a significant difference in the proportion of respondents using separate chopping boards for raw and cooked food from different villages (χ2 = 17.89, P < 0.01), while there was an age-specific proportion of respondents with habitats of eating raw or semi-raw seafood (χ2 = 28.27, P < 0.01). Conclusions The prevalence and intensity of Anisakis infections were high in coastal marine fishes in Yantai City in 2021, and the awareness of anisakiasis control knowledge was low among local residents. Intensified health education pertaining to anisakiasis control knowledge is recommended to reduce the risk of Anisakis infections.

Performance of screening of contacts of COVID-19 cases in same flight / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the performance of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection in screening of contacts of COVID-19 cases in same flights and provide evidence for the effective screening of persons at high risk for the infection in domestic flights. Methods: The information of passengers who took same domestic flights with COVID-19 cases in China from April 1, 2020 to April 30, 2022 were retrospectively collected,and χ2 test was used to analyze positive nucleic acid detection rates in the passengers in different times before the onsets of the index cases, in different seat rows and in epidemic periods of different 2019-nCoV variants. Results: During the study period, a total of 433 index cases were identified among 23 548 passengers in 370 flights. Subsequently, 72 positive cases of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid were detected in the passengers, in whom 57 were accompanying persons of the index cases. Further analysis of the another 15 passengers who tested positive for the nucleic acid showed that 86.67% of them had onsets or positive detections within 3 days after the diagnosis of the index cases, and the boarding times were all within 4 days before the onsets of the index cases. The positive detection rate in the passengers who seated in first three rows before and after the index cases was 0.15% (95%CI: 0.08%-0.27%), significantly higher than in the passengers in other rows (0.04%, 95%CI: 0.02%-0.10%, P=0.007),and there was no significant difference in the positive detection rate among the passengers in each of the 3 rows before and after the index cases (P=0.577). No significant differences were found in the positive detection rate in the passengers, except the accompanying persons, among the epidemics caused by different 2019-nCoV variants (P=0.565). During the Omicron epidemic period, all the positive detections in the passengers, except the accompanying persons, were within 3 days before the onset of the index cases. Conclusions: The screening test of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid can be conducted in the passengers took the same flights within 4 days before the onsets of the index cases on board. Passengers who seated within 3 rows from the index cases can considered as the close contacts at high risk for 2019-nCoV, for whom screening should be conducted first and special managements are needed. The passengers in other rows can be classified as general risk persons for screening and management.

Latent period and incubation period with associated factors of COVID-19 caused by Omicron variant / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To estimate the latent period and incubation period of Omicron variant infections and analyze associated factors. Methods: From January 1 to June 30, 2022, 467 infections and 335 symptomatic infections in five local Omicron variant outbreaks in China were selected as the study subjects. The latent period and incubation period were estimated by using log-normal distribution and gamma distribution models, and the associated factors were analyzed by using the accelerated failure time model (AFT). Results: The median (Q1, Q3) age of 467 Omicron infections including 253 males (54.18%) was 26 (20, 39) years old. There were 132 asymptomatic infections (28.27%) and 335 (71.73%) symptomatic infections. The mean latent period of 467 Omicron infections was 2.65 (95%CI: 2.53-2.78) days, and 98% of infections were positive for nucleic acid test within 6.37 (95%CI: 5.86-6.82) days after infection. The mean incubation period of 335 symptomatic infections was 3.40 (95%CI: 3.25-3.57) days, and 97% of them developed clinical symptoms within 6.80 (95%CI: 6.34-7.22) days after infection. The results of the AFT model analysis showed that compared with the group aged 18-49 years old, the latent period [exp(β)=1.36 (95%CI: 1.16-1.60), P<0.001] and incubation period [exp(β)=1.24 (95%CI: 1.07-1.45), P=0.006] of infections aged 0-17 years old were prolonged. The latent period [exp(β)=1.38 (95%CI: 1.17-1.63), P<0.001] and the incubation period [exp(β)=1.26 (95%CI: 1.06-1.48), P=0.007] of infections aged 50 years old and above were also prolonged. Conclusion: The latent period and incubation period of most Omicron infections are within 7 days, and age may be a influencing factor of the latent period and incubation period.

Novel STING-targeted PET radiotracer for alert and therapeutic evaluation of acute lung injury

Acute lung injury (ALI), as a common clinical emergency, is pulmonary edema and diffuse lung infiltration caused by inflammation. The lack of non-invasive alert strategy, resulting in failure to carry out preventive treatment, means high mortality and poor prognosis. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a key molecular biomarker of innate immunity in response to inflammation, but there is still a lack of STING-targeted strategy. In this study, a novel STING-targeted PET tracer, [18F]FBTA, was labeled with high radiochemical yield (79.7 ± 4.3%) and molar activity (32.5 ± 2.9 GBq/μmol). We confirmed that [18F]FBTA has a strong STING binding affinity (Kd = 26.86 ± 6.79 nmol/L) and can be used for PET imaging in ALI mice to alert early lung inflammation and to assess the efficacy of drug therapy. Our STING-targeted strategy also reveals that [18F]FBTA can trace ALI before reaching the computed tomography (CT) diagnostic criteria, and demonstrates its better specificity and distribution than [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG).

Immunophenotype and function of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in Chinese rhesus macaques / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To provide data reference for using Chinese rhesus macaques as research model by studying the immunophenotype and function of peripheral blood lymphocytes in Chinese rhesus macaques.Methods:By optimizing antibody clones and fluorescent colors, the lymphocyte subset assay and T cell function assay panels were determined. Then the panels were used to analyze the proportion of T, B, NK and other cell subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in 15 healthy Chinese rhesus monkeys, and the ability of T cells to secrete cytokines after non-specific stimulation.Results:Two multi-color flow cytometry analytic panels were established. Panel 1 could simultaneously detect a variety of lymphocyte subsets, including cytotoxic T lymphocytes, follicular helper T cells, regulatory T cells, B cells and NK cells. Panel 2 could detect the functions of multiple T cell subsets and the expression of immune checkpoint moleculars. The mean percentages of T, B, NK, Tfh, Treg, CD16 + NK and CD56 + NK cells in PBMCs of the Chinese rhesus macaques were (75.32±7.73)%, (13.22±7.50)%, (0.88±0.48)%, (0.73±0.27)%, (0.75±0.43)%, (47.87±22.35)% and (10.69±12.41)%. After non-specific stimulation, the proportion of CD4 + T cells secreting IL-2 and TNF-α was higher than that of CD8 + T cells, and the proportion of CD8 + T cells secreting CD107a and IFN-γ was higher than that of CD4 + T cells, while the proportion of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells secreting IL-17A was low. Conclusions:This study established a multi-color flow detection scheme that could simultaneously detect multiple cellular surface molecules and cytokines at the single cell level and could accurately and comprehensively analyze the immune cell subsets, functions and the immune checkpoint molecules in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques, providing a new experimental method and basic data for the development of vaccines and drugs against infectious diseases.

Reference ranges and influencing factors of thyroid function in preterm infants at 14 d after birth / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the reference ranges for thyroid function and its influencing factors in preterm infants at 14 d after birth.Methods:This retrospective study involved 514 preterm infants who met the inclusion criteria in Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021. They were divided into three group according to their gestational age [early premature group (26-31 +6 weeks, n=153), middle premature group (32-33 +6 weeks, n=129) and late premature group (34-36 +6 weeks, n=232)] or birth weight (BW) [<1 500 g group ( n=129), 1 500-2 000 g group ( n=120) and ≥2 000 g group ( n=265)]. Venous blood samples were collected from the infants at 14 d after birth and their thyroid function was determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay. The reference values of free triiodothyronine (FT 3), free thyroxine (FT 4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were calculated based on the values of 95% confidence intervals ( CI) and expressed as percentiles in the range from P2.5 to P97.5. Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare those thyroid hormone levels between groups. Spearman correlation analysis was used to study the correlation of gestational age or birth weight with FT 3, FT 4 and TSH levels. The factors influencing the levels of thyroid hormones were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results:The reference ranges for FT 3, FT 4 and TSH were 1.53-3.72 pg/ml, 0.81-1.91 ng/dl and 1.32-7.80 μIU/ml in the early premature infants, 1.74-4.16 pg/ml, 0.90-2.82 ng/dl and 0.63-7.64 μIU/ml in middle prematures and 2.07-4.88 pg/ml, 1.09-2.27 ng/dl and 1.14-7.06 μIU/ml in late prematures. The reference ranges for the above three indexes were 1.53-4.06 pg/ml, 0.81-1.83 ng/dl and 1.14-7.84 μIU/ml in premature infants with BW<1 500 g, 1.67-3.98 pg/ml, 0.88-2.97 ng/dl and 0.94-7.64 μIU/ml in those whose BW between 1 500 g and 2 000 g and 1.91-4.75 pg/ml, 1.09-2.31 ng/dl and 1.14-6.32 μIU/ml in those whose BW≥2 000 g. Multiple linear regression showed that the level of FT 3 was positively correlated with gestational age ( β=0.119, P<0.05) and birth weight ( β=1.950×10 －4, P<0.05); that of FT 4 was positively correlated with gestational age only ( β=0.031, P<0.05); and TSH level was negatively correlated with birth weight ( β=－4.250×10 －4, P<0.05). Conclusions:Gestational age and birth weight are the factors influencing thyroid function in preterm infants at 14 d after birth. Evaluation of thyroid function with FT 4 and TSH should based on the references ranges of different gestational age and birth weight .

Association between triglyceride glucose index and impairment of renal function in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly population / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and impairment of renal function in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly population.Methods:A total of 4 988 residents aged ≥45 years undergoing health check-up in Yongshun Health Service Center from January 2016 to December 2021 were enrolled and followed up. According to the quartile of the baseline TyG index, all subjects were divided into Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 groups. The medical history, physical examination and laboratory test results were documented. Participants were followed up through regular health check-up until March 31, 2023. The outcomes were rapid decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (a loss in eGFR>3 ml·min -1·1.73 m -2 per year) and the new-onset of chronic kidney disease (CKD) during the follow-up period. Linear regression model, multivariate logistic regression model, restricted cubic spline fitting logistic regression model and ROC curve analysis were used to analyze the association between the TyG index and the impairment of renal function. Results:Among 4 988 residents, 1 396 (28.0%) were males and the age was (59.76±6.28) years. There were 1 247 participants in Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 groups, respectively. After 56 months of follow-up, the incidence of rapid eGFR decline and new-onset CKD was 21.9% (1 294/4 988) and 4.0% (200/4 988), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that TyG index was correlated positively with rapid eGFR decline and new-onset of CKD ( OR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.17-1.52, P<0.001, and OR=1.57, 95%CI:1.19-2.06, P=0.001). Taking group Q1 as a reference, higher levels of TyG index ( Q2, Q3 and Q4 groups) was an independent risk factor for rapid eGFR decline ( P<0.05), which has a dose-response relationship (for trend P=0.002). Compared with the lowest quartile, the adjusted OR of new-onset CKD in the highest quartile was 1.85 ( 95%CI:1.13-3.03, P=0.014). The results of restricted cubic spline fitting logistic regression analysis showed a linear association between TyG index and both outcomes (both P>0.05). The area under ROC curve ( AUC) of the TyG index for predicting the two adverse outcomes were 0.536 ( 95%CI: 0.516-0.556, P<0.001) and 0.588 ( 95%CI:0.548-0.627, P<0.001), respectively. Conclusion:The elevated levels of TyG index may be used as an independent predictor of rapid eGFR decline and new-onset CKD.

Association between plasma uric acid and hypertension and the gender difference in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly population / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the association between plasma uric acid and hypertension and the gender difference in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly population.Methods:A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Beijing Tongzhou Yongshun Community Health Service Center from June to December 2021, among residents aged 45 years or older selected by cluster sampling method. According to plasma uric acid (UA) level in quartiles, the subjects were divided into 4 groups; and stratified by gender, the subjects were further divided into subgroups. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of hypertension, and restricted cubic spline fitting logistic regression model was used to analyze the nonlinear association between uric acid and hypertension and the cut-off values of uric acid.Results:A total of 6 229 residents with the age of (63.2±7.3) years were enrolled in the study. In 1 874 male participants (30.1%), 946 participants (50.5%) had hypertension, and the uric acid level was 359 (309, 418)μmol/L; in 4 355 female participants (69.9%), 2 003 participants (46.0%) had hypertension, and the uric acid level was 306 (261, 359)μmol/L. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for factors that were statistically significant in univariate analyses or potentially clinically relevant (including age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and cholesterol), uric acid was independently associated with hypertension ( P<0.001), for total participants the risk of hypertension in Q4 group was 1.33 times of that in Q1 group ( OR=1.33,95% CI 1.13-1.56, P=0.001); while for females the risk of hypertension in Q4 group was 1.38 times of that in Q1 group ( OR=1.38,95% CI 1.13-1.68, P=0.002), but no significant association was observed for males ( P>0.05). The results of restricted cubic spline fitting logistic regression analysis showed that there was a linear association between uric acid level and hypertension in the total population and males, and the risk of hypertension increased with uric acid level ( P<0.001 for the total population, P=0.016 for male). However, there was a non-linear association in females. When uric acid>307 μmol/L in females, the risk of hypertension increased significantly as the level of uric acid increased ( P<0.001). Conclusions:Uric acid level was independently associated with hypertension in the community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly population, and there was a gender difference in the correlation. The association was nonlinear in females and the cut-off value of uric acid in females was 307 μmol/L.

Anemia on the prognosis of elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To examine the effect of anemia on the prognosis of elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome.Methods:We searched PubMed, Scopus, OVID, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine Disc, the WanFang and Weipu databases for studies on the association between anemia and the prognosis of acute coronary syndrome in elderly patients.The date range included the period from the establishment of the database to December 10, 2022.Two reviewers independently completed the literature screening and data extraction according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the literature.Stata 16.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results:Of 1 399 references retrieved from the initial search, 13 met the inclusion criteria, including a total of 9540 patients with a mean age of 70.3 years.2872 of these patients had concurrent anemia and 6 668 patients had no anemia.In elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome, those with anemia showed significantly increased risk of death, compared with those with no anemia( RR=2.28, 95% CI: 1.74-3.00). Anemia also increased the incidence of ischemia( RR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.13-1.64)and bleeding events( RR=2.18, 95% CI: 1.59-3.01)( P<0.05 for all). Conclusions:Anemia significantly increases the risk of death and is associated with poor prognosis in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Investigation on public satisfaction with the enforcement of tobacco control regulations based on questionnaire survey —— a case study of Tianjin / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the residents' satisfaction with the enforcement of The Regulations of Tianjin Municipality on Smoking Control in Public Places (hereinafter referred to as The Regulations) and its influencing factors. Methods From November to December 2020, 16 districts of Tianjin were selected as the research site, and one street was randomly selected from each district. The accidental sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 4,160 permanent residents in Tianjin. χ2 test was used in univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze and adjust the confounding factors. The public satisfaction and its influencing factors were analyzed. Results A total of 4 022 questionnaires were collected and 2 730 were included in the study. In 2020, 89.3 percent of Tianjin residents were satisfied with the enforcement of the Regulations. Compared with residents aged 15-24, residents in other age groups were less satisfied with the enforcement of the Regulations. Compared with residents with primary school education or below, residents with high school education or bachelor's degree or the same educational level were less satisfied with the enforcement of the Regulations. Residents with chronic diseases (OR=1.885 , P<0.01) and exposure to second-hand smoke in the last 30 days (OR=1.903, P<0.01) were less satisfied with the enforcement of the Regulations, while those who supported the Regulations (OR=0.511, P<0.01) and residents who had been exposed to public service advertisements on tobacco control in the last 30 days (OR=0.043, P<0.01) were more satisfied with the enforcement of the Regulations. Conclusion The residents of Tianjin are highly satisfied with the enforcement of the Regulations. Age, education background, support for the Regulations, chronic disease, exposure to secondhand smoke in the last 30 days and exposure to public service advertisements in the last 30 days are the main influencing factors of satisfaction with the enforcement of tobacco control regulations.

Research progress of RNA drugs delivery / 药学学报

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) medicines have strong therapeutic potential for numerous rare genetic illnesses and malignancies because of its exact programmability based on Watson-Crick base pairing principle and unique ability to regulate gene expression. However, RNA medicines still have limitations in many areas, including stability, half-life time, immunogenicity, organ selectivity, cellular uptake and endosomal escape efficiency despite their great therapeutic potentials. This review briefly introduced numerous RNA medications [mostly messenger RNA (mRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)] that have intrigued of researchers in recent years, as well as their action mechanism in vivo. A number of delivery techniques, such as chemical modification, ligands coupling and nanocarriers have been proposed. The manufacture and applications of lipid nanoparticle, polymer nanoparticle and exosomes were discussed in depth. The goal of this work is to give a theoretical foundation and design concepts for the development of effective and safe RNA delivery technology, as well as to facilitate RNA therapeutic clinical translation.

Latent period and incubation period with associated factors of COVID-19 caused by Omicron variant / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To estimate the latent period and incubation period of Omicron variant infections and analyze associated factors. Methods: From January 1 to June 30, 2022, 467 infected persons and 335 confirmed cases in five local Omicron variant outbreaks in China were selected as the study subjects. The latent period and incubation period were estimated by using log-normal distribution and gamma distribution models, and the associated factors were analyzed by using the accelerated failure time model (AFT). Results: The median (Q1, Q3) age of 467 Omicron infections including 253 males (54.18%) was 26 (20, 39) years old. There were 132 asymptomatic infections (28.27%) and 335 (71.73%) symptomatic infections. The mean latent period of 467 Omicron infections was 2.65 (95%CI: 2.53-2.78) days, and 98% of infections were positive for nucleic acid detection within 6.37 (95%CI: 5.86-6.82) days after infection. The mean incubation period of 335 symptomatic infections was 3.40 (95%CI: 3.25-3.57) days, and 97% of them developed clinical symptoms within 6.80 (95%CI: 6.34-7.22) days after infection. The results of the AFT model analysis showed that compared with the group aged 18~49 years old, the latent period [exp(β)=1.36 (95%CI: 1.16-1.60), P<0.001] and incubation period [exp(β)=1.24 (95%CI: 1.07-1.45), P=0.006] of infections aged 0~17 year old were also prolonged. The latent period [exp(β)=1.38 (95%CI: 1.17-1.63), P<0.001] and the incubation period [exp(β)=1.26 (95%CI: 1.06-1.48), P=0.007] of infections aged 50 years old and above were also prolonged. Conclusion: The latent period and incubation period of most Omicron infections are within 7 days, and age may be the influencing factor of the latent period and incubation period.

Analysis on the status quo of the awareness rate of core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment and its influencing factors among residents in Liaoning Province in 2021 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the status quo of the knowledge and related factors of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in Liaoning Province in 2021. Methods: From August to November 2021, through network sampling method, 17 474 permanent residents aged 15-69 years in Liaoning Province were surveyed. The WeChat public account was used to collect information such as demographic characteristics and core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment. The Chi-square test was used to compare the difference of the level of the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge among different groups. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors. Results: Among the 17 474 subjects, 43.1% (7 528) were male and 58.7% (10 262) were urban residents. The overall awareness rate was 72.3%, and the awareness rate of cancer cognition, prevention, early diagnosis and treatment, cancer management and rehabilitation were 71.4%, 67.6%, 72.7%, 83.4% and 63.5%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that the residents who were man (OR: 0.850, 95%CI: 0.781-0.925), in rural areas (OR: 0.753, 95%CI: 0.694-0.817), 55-59 years old (OR: 0.851, 95%CI: 0.751-0.963), quitters (OR: 0.721, 95%CI: 0.640-0.813) and smoker (OR: 0.724, 95%CI: 0.654-0.801) had lower awareness rates, while the residents who were 35-54 years old (OR: 1.312, 95%CI: 1.202-1.432), with an educational level of junior high school/senior high school/college degree or above (OR: 1.834-5.130, 95%CI: 1.575-6.047), technical personnel (OR: 1.592, 95%CI: 1.367-1.854), civil servant/institution staff (OR: 1.282, 95%CI: 1.094-1.503), enterprise/business/service staff (OR: 1.218, 95%CI: 1.071-1.385), retired (OR: 1.324, 95%CI: 1.114-1.573) and with family history of cancer (OR: 1.369, 95%CI: 1.266-1.481) had higher awareness rates. Conclusion: The level of the awareness of core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in Liaoning Province has met the requirements of the Healthy China Action. Region, gender, education level, age, family history of cancer and smoking are relevant factors.

Clinical centralized safety monitoring and evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine formula granules / 中国中药杂志

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) formula granules are highly praised for the advanced, convenient, and modern use of Chinese medicinal materials. The safety of TCM formula granules has long been a concern of regulatory authorities and the medical industry. A multi-center, prospective, open, non-interventional, and centralized monitoring was carried out for the patients treated with TCM formula granules in 252 medical institutions from February 5, 2020 to April 19, 2022. All the case data and the incidence of adverse drug reactions/events were recorded. This study evaluated the safety of TCM formula granules, aiming to provide a reference for the clinically use. A total of 20 547 patients were included in this study. Four adverse events were recorded, including 3 adverse drug reactions with an adverse drug reaction rate of 0.015%, all of which occurred in the digestive system. There was no serious adverse event, and no factors related to adverse drug reactions/events were identified. The incidence of adverse drug reactions/events associated with China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. TCM formula granules was rare, which proved their safety in clinical use. A comprehensive data mining and objective analysis was carried out for the medicines with high frequency in TCM formula granules, the commonly used medicine pairs and combinations, and departmental medication. The drug use characteristics, prescription rules, and departmental use of TCM formula granules were summarized, which can shed light on the prescription compatibility and clinical application.

Role of lymphatic system in coronary heart disease based on theory of combined phlegm and stasis / 中国中药杂志

According to the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) theory, coronary heart disease(CHD) is mainly caused by heart vessel obstruction due to Qi stagnation, blood stasis, and phlegm turbidity. Chest impediment with combined phlegm and stasis is a common syndrome of CHD, with the manifestations of chest tightness, chest pain, and asthma. Lymphatic system is one of the important immune systems in the human body and has a close relationship with the Qi and blood movement in TCM. The dysfunction of the lymphatic system may lead to metabolism disorders, the generation of dampness pathogen which turns into sticky and difficult-to-dissolve phlegm turbidity. Moreover, it can affect blood circulation and coagulation, causing slow blood flow, increased blood viscosity, and microcirculation disorders. Alterations in lymphatic hydrodynamics may affect the interaction between blood circulation and the lymphatic system. A variety of small molecule drugs and TCM can treat cardiovascular diseases by targeting the lymphatic system. This review discusses the role of the lymphatic system in CHD based on the theory of combined phlegm and stasis, involving the influences of mechanical factors on lymphatic function and the effects and pharmacological mechanisms of TCM and chemicals that target lymphocyte function and lymphatic circulation. By expounding the development process of combined phlegm and stasis in CHD from the lymphatic system, this paper aims to provide new ideas for deciphering pharmacological mechanisms of TCM for resolving phlegm and stasis.

Long non-coding RNA colon cancer-associated transcript 1-Vimentin axis promoting the migration and invasion of HeLa cells / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Long non-coding RNA colon cancer-associated transcript 1 (CCAT1) is involved in transforming multiple cancers into malignant cancer types. Previous studies underlining the mechanisms of the functions of CCAT1 primarily focused on its decoy for miRNAs (micro RNAs). However, the regulatory mechanism of CCAT1-protein interaction associated with tumor metastasis is still largely unknown. The present study aimed to identify proteome-wide CCAT1 partners and explored the CCAT1-protein interaction mediated tumor metastasis.@*METHODS@#CCAT1-proteins complexes were purified and identified using RNA antisense purification coupled with the mass spectrometry (RAP-MS) method. The database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery and database for eukaryotic RNA binding proteins (EuRBPDB) websites were used to bioinformatic analyzing CCAT1 binding proteins. RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation were used to validate CCAT1-Vimentin interaction. Transwell assay was used to evaluate the migration and invasion abilities of HeLa cells.@*RESULTS@#RAP-MS method worked well by culturing cells with nucleoside analog 4-thiouridine, and cross-linking was performed using 365 nm wavelength ultraviolet. There were 631 proteins identified, out of which about 60% were RNA binding proteins recorded by the EuRBPDB database. Vimentin was one of the CCAT1 binding proteins and participated in the tumor metastasis pathway. Knocked down vimetin ( VIM ) and rescued the downregulation by overexpressing CCAT1 demonstrated that CCAT1 could enhance tumor migration and invasion abilities by stabilizing Vimentin protein.@*CONCLUSION@#CCAT1 may bind with and stabilize Vimentin protein, thus enhancing cancer cell migration and invasion abilities.

Recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Children are also at high risk of novel coronavirus infection. However, as children are in the developmental stage and their phylogeny is not yet complete, adult guidelines cannot be directly copied in the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. Therefore, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University organized relevant professionals of Children’s Hospital. Based on the "Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for SARS-CoV-2 Infection (Trial 10th Edition)" issued by the General Office of the National Health Commission of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the diagnosis and treatment plan suggestions for children with novel coronavirus infection in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University were formulated by referring to several instructive diagnosis and treatment plans and combining our hospital’s experience in treating children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This recommendation makes a concise and practical description from the perspectives of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, clinical typing, treatment and nursing of children infected with SARS-CoV-2, and also makes recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of high-risk factors and complications for the reference of front-line clinical pediatricians so as to achieve timely and reasonable diagnosis and treatment of children infected with SARS-CoV-2. Early identification and active treatment of high-risk and critically patients can minimize the harm caused by complications.

Investigation on whole blood collection in Tianjin after fully lifting COVID-19 prevention and control measures / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the situation of whole blood collection in Tianjin after COVID-19 prevention and control measures were fully lifted. 【Methods】 The relevant data on whole blood collection of voluntary blood donors in Tianjin 15 days before Spring Festival (2023.01.07-2023.01.21, when China has managed COVID-19 with measures against Class B infectious disease instead of Class A infectious diseases) and 15 days before Spring Festival in 2018 (2018.02.01- 2018.02.15) and 2019 (2019.01.21-2019.02.04) before the breakout of COVID-19 were retrospectively collected and compared. 【Results】 The comparison between the above period in 2023, 2018 and 2019 was as follows: the number of blood donors was 6 124 vs 3 940 vs 4 069; blood collection volume (U) was 9 623 vs 7 378 vs 7 808; the proportion of first-time blood donors, local blood donors and group blood donors was 69.17% (4 236/6 124) vs 65.86% (2 595/3 940) vs 62.05% (2 525/4 069), 59.31% (3 632/6 124) vs 23.27% (9170) vs 18.19% (740/4 069) and 43.42% (2 659/6 124) vs 8.05% (317/2 595) vs 0.15% (6/4 069) (all P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The adjustment of COVID-19 prevention and control policy has a significant impact on voluntary blood donation, and the corresponding adjustment of blood donor recruitment strategy in blood centers should be conducted to increase the whole blood collection.

Validation of the detection method for residual human coagulation factor Ⅺ in human prothrombin complex / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To establish an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for the determination of residual human coagulation factor Ⅺ in human prothrombin complex and validate the method. 【Methods】 Human factor Ⅺ was reacted with the capture antibody coated on the microtiter plate. After appropriate washing steps, biotinylated primary antibody was bound to the captured protein. Excess primary antibody was washed away and bound antibody was reacted with horseradish peroxidase conjugated streptavidin. TMB substrate was used for color development at 450 nm. The dilution reliability, accuracy, specificity, repeatability, intermediate precision, linearity, range and durability were verified. 【Results】 The verification results showed that the accuracy and specificity of this method met the experimental requirements, with an average recovery rate of 109.2% and RSD of 6.93%. The repeatability RSD was 6.78%, and the intermediate precision RSD was 6.75%, indicating good precision. The linear regression correlation coefficient of standard curve was 0.999 9, showing good accuracy and precision within the linear range. The durability was verified by the incubation time and the validity period of reagent kit opening. The results showed that the RSD of the incubation time change was 6.62%, indicating that the incubation time of this detection method was controlled between 28 to 32 minutes, and there was no significant impact on the results. The RSD of the detection results before and after the reagent kit was opened and stored under conditions for 7 days was 3.84%, indicating that the preservation of the reagent kit according to the conditions for 7 days after opening has no effect on the FⅪ detection results. Both indicated that the method had good durability. The dilution reliability results showed that there was a "hook" effect in the detection of FⅪ residue in human prothrombin complex, which could be solved by diluting 100 to 200 times. 【Conclusion】 This method can be used for the determination of FⅪ residues of human prothrombin complex in laboratory.