New Model of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Effect of Invigorating Kidney and Filling Sea of Marrow in Regulating Delay in Cortical Maturation of ADHD Based on Theory of Steady Yin and Vexed Yang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder among children. The theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) does not have a special term of this disease, and classifies ADHD to the category of " forgetfulness" " dysphoria" " injudiciousness" according to its clinical manifestations. TCM theoretic and clinical systems for treating ADHD have been developed, but current pharmacodynamics studies of TCM on ADHD have mostly focused on neurotransmitter metabolic system and its receptor signaling pathway to reflect the advantages of multi-component and multi-target effect of TCM, but failed to demonstrate the scientific connotations of TCM theory, such as " coordination between kidney and brain" and " steady Yin and vexed Yang" , and ignored the delay in cortical maturation as the core neuropathology of ADHD. The symptoms relating to " restlessness of Yang" due to Yin deficiency that cannot inhibit hyperactivity of Yang, kidney-Yin deficiency and liver-Yang excess syndrome is the most common syndrome of ADHD, and TCMs with effect of invigorating kidney and filling sea of marrow are mostly used by TCM practitioners. According to anatomy basis of neuronal development disorder, the new theory of " energy metabolism dysfunction" , the pathogenesis hypothesis of sea of marrow development disorder and its relevant clinical practices and experimental studies, substantial basis studies of the therapy for " invigorating kidney and filling sea of marrow" , as well as pharmacodynamics study of <italic>Rehmannia glutinosa</italic> (Shudihuang) for treating ADHD, we put forward ADHD pathogenesis that " restlessness of Yang due to Yin deficiency" is related to the disorder of executive function due to the delay in cortical maturation, energy metabolism dysfunction and neurodevelopmental disorder, and regarded that TCMs with effect of invigorating kidney and filling sea of marrow are the most commonly used to treat ADHD, and improve delay in cortical maturation corresponding to sea of marrow insufficiency by regulating dysfunction of neurodevelopment and energy metabolism, so as to relieve the core symptoms of ADHD. The new treatment model of TCM with effect of invigorating kidney and filling sea of marrow for treating ADHD will provide a theoretical basis for improving the clinical efficacy of ADHD.

Material Basis of Xuanfei Huazhuo Prescription in Treatment of COVID-19 by Multi-target Molecular Docking / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:Structure-based angiotension converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and interleukin-6R (IL-6R) were taken as the target proteins to in the investigation of the material basis of Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription in the treatment of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) by molecular docking. Method:The compounds in Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription were retrieved through TCMSP. Structure-based ACE2 and IL-6R were taken as the target proteins to screen out the compounds with a better activity by molecular docking, and analyze structural properties of these compounds. Furthermore, the potential molecular mechanism of Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription in the treatment of COVID-19 was analyzed by target reverse prediction. Result:There were 312 potentially active compounds in Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription, including 75 highly active compounds and 15 highly active compounds for ACE2. There were 100 eligible active compounds and 3 highly active compounds for IL-6R, most of which belong to flavonoids. The herb-component-target network included 10 herbs, 126 compounds and 130 targets. String analysis showed that PIK3R1, SRC, AKT1, AR and EGFR might be the key targets of Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription. Conclusion:Based on the virtual screening of multi-target molecular docking, the anti-virus and anti-inflammatory material basis of Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription was preliminarily obtained. At the same time, based on the reverse prediction and analysis, potential targets and molecular mechanism of the recipe in the treatment of COVID-19 were explored, so as to provide clues for the multi-angle mining of Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription and its relevant prescriptions and the modernization development of monomer components.

Effects of Acupuncture at "Sanyinjiao" (SP6) and "Baihui" (GV20) on Behaviors and Monoamine Neurotransmitter in Prefrontal Cortex of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rats / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the effects of acupuncture at "Sanyinjiao" (SP6) and "Baihui" (GV20) on behaviors and contents of monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine (DA), noradrenalin (NE) and 5-hydroxytrypamine (5-HT) in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rats; To discuss mechanism of action of acupuncture for prevention and treatment of ADHD. Methods 4-week-old SHR rats were randomly divided into the model group, Western medicine group and acupuncture group, and WKY rats with the same age were selected as the normal control group, with 10 rats in each group. Acupuncture was applied to "Sanyinjiao" (SP6) and "Baihui" (GV20) of rats in acupuncture group for 15 min. The rats in Western medicine group was given MPH (ritalin) for gavage, and rats were treated for 4 weeks in the dark-phase. Open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM) and novel object recognition test (NORT) were conducted to evaluate the spontaneous activity, impulsivity and learning-memorial ability of rats individually at the end of treatment. Contents of DA, NE and 5-HT in PFC were detected by HPLC. Results Compared with the normal control group, all of the behavior parameters of rats in model group were significantly higher (P＜0.05), and the contents of DA, NE and 5-HT in PFC of model group were lower than those of normal control group (P＜0.05). Compared with the model group, acupuncture group showed shorter movement distance, less rearing and fewer grooming activities in the OFT; percentages of times of entering the open arms and staying duration were reduced in the total period in the EPM; preference index in the NORT was elevated (P＜0.05); the contents of NE and 5-HT in PFC of acupuncture group increased significantly (P＜0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture at "Sanyinjiao" (SP6) and "Baihui" (GV20) canreduce the spontaneous activity and impulsivity, and improve learning and memory ability of ADHD model rats, which may be related to elevated contents of NE and 5-HT in the PFC.

Regulatory effect of Shudihuang on expressions of BDNF/TrkB and NRG-3 in prefrontal cortex and striatum of ADHD model rats / 中国中药杂志

To observe the effect of Shudihuang on behaviors and expression of BDNF/TrkB and NRG-3 in prefrontal cortex and striatum of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) model rats. Thirty 4-week-old spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR) were randomly divided into model group, methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH, 2 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) and Shudihuang group (2.4 g·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹). Another 10 Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were selected as normal control group. The 0.5% CMC-Na solution was administered to model group and WKY rats (2 mL·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹). All of the rats were treated for 4 weeks. The open field test was performed at the 14th and 28th days after gavage, in order to evaluate the spontaneous and impulsive behaviors. Subsequently, gene and protein expressions of BDNF/TrkB and NRG-3 were tested by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Compared with model group, MPH and Shudihuang groups showed significant reduction in total distance, mean velocity and central distance in the open field test (<0.05), and Shudihuang group displayed a shorter central distance than MPH group (<0.05). RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis indicated that expressions of BDNF/TrkB and NRG-3 were lower in prefrontal cortex and striatum of SHR compared with WKY rats. Four weeks later after administration, both Shudihuang and MPH significantly elevated mRNA and protein expressions of BDNF/TrkB and NRG-3 (<0.05).In conclusion, neurodevelopmental disorder mediated by BDNF/TrkB and NRG-3 was closely related with SHR rats' behaviors. Shudihuang may ameliorate the spontaneous and impulsive behaviors by up-regulating the expressions of BDNF/TrkB and NRG-3 and improving growth and maturation of neurons in SHR.

Effect of antisense locked nucleic acid blocking translation initiation region of c-myc exon 2 on apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To observe the effect of antisense locked nucleic acid (anti-LNA) blocking the translation initiation region of c-myc exon 2 on the viability and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.METHODS:The antiLNA that was complementary to the translation initiation region of c-myc exon 2 was designed,synthesized,and introduced into the HepG2 cells by cationic liposome-mediated transfection.The mRNA and protein levels of c-Myc in the cells were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot.The change of cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry,and the toxicity of anti-LNA to the cells was detected by MTT assay.RESULTS:Five days after transfection,the mRNA level of c-Myc in anti-LNA group was 0.335 ±0.016,and the protein level was 0.448 ± 0.037,significantly lower than those in control group (both P ＜ 0.05).The ratio of apoptotic cells in anti-LNA group was 32％ ±-6％,which was higher than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION:Antisense locked nucleic acid targeting at the translation initiation region of cmyc exon 2 shows strong inhibitory effects on the apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Effect of antisense locked nucleic acid blocking translation initiation region of c-myc exon 2 on apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To observe the effect of antisense locked nucleic acid (anti-LNA) blocking the translation initiation region of c-myc exon 2 on the viability and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.METHODS:The antiLNA that was complementary to the translation initiation region of c-myc exon 2 was designed,synthesized,and introduced into the HepG2 cells by cationic liposome-mediated transfection.The mRNA and protein levels of c-Myc in the cells were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot.The change of cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry,and the toxicity of anti-LNA to the cells was detected by MTT assay.RESULTS:Five days after transfection,the mRNA level of c-Myc in anti-LNA group was 0.335 ±0.016,and the protein level was 0.448 ± 0.037,significantly lower than those in control group (both P ＜ 0.05).The ratio of apoptotic cells in anti-LNA group was 32％ ±-6％,which was higher than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION:Antisense locked nucleic acid targeting at the translation initiation region of cmyc exon 2 shows strong inhibitory effects on the apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Immunization of BALB/c mice with Brucella abortus 2308DeltawbkA confers protection against wild-type infection

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that causes animal and human diseases. Vaccination is a major measure for prevention of brucellosis, but it is currently not possible to distinguish vaccinated animals from those that have been naturally infected. Therefore, in this study, we constructed the Brucella (B.) abortus 2380 wbkA mutant (2308DeltawbkA) and evaluated its virulence. The survival of 2308DeltawbkA was attenuated in murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) and BALB/c mice, and it induced high protective immunity in mice. The wbkA mutant elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon. Antibodies to 2308DeltawbkA could be detected in sera from mice, implying the potential for use of this protein as a diagnostic antigen. The WbkA antigen would allow serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that 2308DeltawbkA is a potential attenuated vaccine against 16M. This vaccine will be further evaluated in sheep.

Significance of selective neck dissection in patients with cN0 thyroid carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the significance of selective neck dissection in patients with cN0 thyroid carcinoma who have a high-risk of lateral neck lymph node metastasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty three patients with cN0 thyroid carcinoma who have a high-risk of lateral neck lymph node metastasis were prospectively studied at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College between August 2006 and June 2011. The patients with cN0 thyroid carcinoma easy to occur neck lymph node metastasis include: The maximum diameter of primary tumor is ≥ 2 cm; The primary tumor invaded the thyroid capsule; Lymph node metastasis in level VI is found; Lymph node enlargement in level III or/and IV were detected preoperatively by ultrasonography, but not considered as metastasis. The surgical procedure is that the selective neck dissection in level III and IV is performed depending on the collar incision of thyroid surgery. The lymph node chosen from the specimen has a frozen section. If lymph node metastasis is found in the frozen section, a functional neck dissection should be performed through prolonging the collar incision.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All cases were pathologically confirmed as thyroid papillary carcinoma. The occult metastasis rate of lateral neck lymph nodes was 39.7%. According to the univariate analysis, the patients with thyroid capsule invasion and lymph node metastasis in level VI were more likely to have lateral neck lymph node metastasis, and the occult metastasis rate was 46.9% and 54.3%, respectively (P = 0.028, P = 0.008), and there were statistically no significant difference in the primary tumor size and the preoperative neck lymph node status by ultrasonography with occult metastasis of lateral neck lymph nodes (P = 0.803 and P = 0.072). According to the multivariate analysis, there was a significant correlation only between the lymph node metastasis in level VI and occult metastasis of lateral neck lymph nodes (P = 0.017), but there was no significant correlation with the thyroid capsule invasion, primary tumor size and neck lymph node status by preoperative ultrasonography in prediction of occult metastasis of lateral neck lymph nodes (all P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Selective neck dissection is feasible for the patients with cN0 thyroid carcinoma who have a high-risk lateral neck lymph node metastasis and the lateral occult metastatic lymph node can be promptly found and removed. We suggest that the selective neck dissection for level III and IV should be routinely performed in cN0 thyroid carcinoma patients with thyroid capsule invasion and lymph node metastasis in level VI.</p>

Reconstruction of hypopharyngeal circumferential and cervical esophageal defects with free jejunal interposition in 112 cases / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the results of reconstruction of hypopharyngeal circumferential and cervical esophageal defects with free jejunal transfer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective review of 112 patients who underwent pharyngoesophageal reconstruction with free jejunal interposition. Analysis was confined to the patients with advanced hypopharyngeal, esophageal or recurrent laryngeal squamous cell cancer. Kaplan-Meier method was used to identify the accumulative survival rate.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The free jejunal success rate was 94.6% (106/112). The pharyngocutaneous fistula rate and anastomoses narrow rate were 8.9% (10/112) and 12.5% (12/96) respectively. The perioperative mortality rate was 1.8% (2/112). Except 1 case of dead, 6 cases with flap failure and 2 cases with laryngeal preservation, other 103 cases had resumed oral feeding.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The success rate of free jejunal transplantation is high and free jejunal interposition is an ideal reconstruction method for patients who have hypopharyngeal circumferential and cervical esophageal defects after tumor resection.</p>

Application of internal mammary artery perforator flap for tracheostoma and anterior cervical defect / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>UNLABELLED</b>OBJECTIVE To investigate the application of pedicled internal mammary artery perforator (IMAP) flap for tracheostoma and anterior cervical defect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From April to December 2009, 4 IMAP flaps, based on the second internal mammary artery perforator, were used for two cases of tracheostoma and two cases of anterior cervical skin defect. The flap size was (4-7) cm x (10-13) cm.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>3 of 4 flaps survived completely. Partial necrosis happened in one flap. The defects at donor sites were closed directly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The IMAP flap is a new method for head and neck defect. It is very suitable for tracheostoma and cervical skin defect, with less morbidity at donor site.</p>

Cervical lymph node metastasis in clinical N0 papillary thyroid carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the patterns of cervical lymph nodes metastasis and the surgical managements of cervical lymph nodes in clinical N0 (cN0) papillary thyroid carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-one consecutive patients with papillary carcinomas without clinical evidence of cervical lymph node involvement were included in the study between August 2007 and September 2010, in which 53 sides underwent neck lymph node dissection. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy intra-operative hand-held gamma probe detecting and blue dye technique were used to detect the sentinel lymph node (SLN). SLNs were sent to frozen-section and the results were compared with specimen of routine selective neck dissection. All the pathologic specimens were reviewed by pathologists, counting the numbers of pathologic positive nodes and mapping the localization of positive nodes in level II, III, IV, V and VI respectively. The following criteria were used to study the predictive value of lateral neck compartment lymph node metastasis: age, multifocality of the tumor, extracapsular spread (ECS), tumor size, and the number of central compartment metastasis nodes. Univariate analysis with the χ2 test was used to analyze the statistical correlation between lateral neck compartment lymph node metastasis and the other clinical factors. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the multivariate correlates of lateral neck compartment metastasis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The occult lymph node metastasis and lateral neck metastasis rates were 77.4% and 58.5% respectively, central compartment metastasis ≥3 nodes was the only independent predictive factor for the metastasis in lateral neck. Twelve sides were pN0 and other 41 sides were pN+ in all 53 side specimens. Of 41 sides with pN+, 17 sides (41.5%) involved single site and 24 sides (58.5%) involved multi-sites. The distribution of metastasis lymph nodes:level VI 62.3%, level III 52.8%, level IV 30.2%, level II 18.9%, and level V 0%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cervical occult lymph node metastasis in cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma mainly localizes in level VI, level III, level IV and level II.Selective neck dissection including level VI, III, IV, II is enough for papillary carcinoma without clinical evidence of cervical lymph node involvement.</p>

Central compartment lymph node metastasis in cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the incidence and the predictive factors for the metastasis of central compartment lymph nodes (level VI) in clinically node-negative (cN0) papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and eight patients with cN0 PTC underwent neck dissection for level VI between January 2003 and December 2006 were followed up and analyzed retrospectively. Univariate analysis with the χ² test was used to analyze the statistical correlation between central compartment lymph nodes metastasis and the other clinical factors. Multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the multivariate correlates of central compartment metastasis. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the accumulative survival rate, lateral neck recurrence and metastasis rate.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Metastasis rate in level VI was 59.2% (64/108). Age below 45, tumor size > 3 cm and extracapsular spread were independent predictive factors for the metastasis in level VI (odds ratio were 5.514, 5.610 and 3.122, P < 0.05, respectively). There were low incidence of postoperative complications, 2 cases with transient nerve palsy (1.8%), 5 cases with transient hypoparathyroidism (4.6%) and 1 case with permanent hypoparathyroidism (0.9%). Six cases with ipsilateral neck recurrence, 1 case died. The 5-year lateral neck recurrence rate and accumulative survival rate were 4.8% and 99.1% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Metastasis in level VI in the patients with cN0 PTC is common and selective neck dissection is necessary for the patients.</p>

Role of parathyroid hormone measurement in prediction for symptomatic hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and serum calcium in prediction for hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and sixty-five patients undergoing total or complete total thyroidectomy were reviewed retrospectively. The indications included bilateral carcinoma, undifferential carcinoma, surroundings invasion, distant metastasis and huge benign lesions. Preoperative and postoperative PTH, calcium concentrations and their decline levels were compared between Jan. 2005 and May 2009. The role of PTH value and decline level predicting for symptomatic hypocalcaemia were analyzed by receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After total thyroidectomy, 85 patients (51.5%) developed hypocalcemia. Symptoms were reported by 36 patients (21.8%). The mean concentration of PTH for normocalcaemia (80 cases), asymptomatic hypocalcaemia (49 cases) and symptomatic patients (36 cases) were 31.0 ng/L, 19.6 ng/L and 11.9 ng/L, respectively. The mean decline level for the three groups were 28.6%, 52.6% and 78.0%, respectively. PTH value and its decline level had a poor predicting value for symptomatic hypocalcaemia and high negative predicting value for asymptomatic patients. The serum calcium concentration more than 2.0 mmol/L, PTH level higher than 15 ng/L and PTH decline less than 50% had the good negative predicting value of 97.6%, 90.3% and 96.5%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Postoperative PTH and its decline level were significantly correlated with postoperative serum calcium concentration but had a low accuracy for predicting symptomatic hypocalcaemia. The serum calcium concentration more than 2.0 mmol/L, PTH level higher than 15 ng/L and PTH decline less than 50% had the good predicting value for asymptomatic patients. Calcium should be routinely supplemented in the first 24 h after total thyroidectomy to reduce the rate of hypocalcemia and the severity of hypocalcemia symptoms.</p>

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in papillary thyroid cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the reliability and feasibility of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) of papillary thyroid carcinoma using combination of lymphoscintigraphy, the gamma probe and methylene blue staining techniques.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-three consecutive patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma were entered in the study between August 2007 and August 2009. All cases were without clinical evidence of cervical lymph node involvement. The (99)Tc(m)-dextran of 74 MBq (2mCi) was injected intratumorally under ultrasound guidance about 2 h to 5 h prior to surgery. Methylene blue was injected around the tumor during surgery. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, intra-operative hand-held gamma probe detecting and methylene blue staining techniques were used to detect the sentinel lymph node (SLN). SLN biopsies were sent to prepare frozen sections and the results were compared with specimen of routine selective neck dissection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The SLNs were identified in all cases with the combination techniques. The SLN identification rates were 87.0% and 100% with methylene blue staining and lymphoscintigraphy plus probe scanning, respectively. Metastases in SLNs were revealed by frozen-section histology in 12 patients. In one case, SLNs frozen-section were negative, but metastasis was detected in routine histology. In other case both SLN and routine histology were negative, but metastasis was detected in non-SLN (level VI) neck dissection. The overall accuracy of the SLN biopsy was 91.3%, positive predictive value 100% and negative predictive value 81.8%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results seem the SLN biopsy technique is a feasible and valuable method for detecting cervical lymph node metastasis and is helpful to decide performing neck dissection in patients with cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma.</p>

Application of an extended collar incision in neck dissection for differentiated thyroid cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore a cosmetic incision in the neck dissection for differentiated thyroid carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An extended collar incision was used for neck dissection in 82 consecutive patients with thyroid carcinoma from May 1999 to December 2006. The incision was designed to start as a conventional thyroid collar incision, and then to extend it along the skin crease to the anterior border of trapezium, so to avoid the vertical limb of conventional hockey stick incision. There were 60 females and 22 males in this series, with a median age of 40.5 years (range, 10 to 80 years). Ninety-six procedures of neck dissection were performed in 82 patients, including one radical neck dissection, one type I modified neck dissection, 8 type II modified neck dissections, and 86 type III modified neck dissections.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average time of anesthesia was 197 minutes. The average dissected lymph nodes were 37.5, with average metastasis in 8.8 nodes. Eight patients (9.8%) developed complications related to neck dissection. The follow-up period in these patients were 1 to 96 months with a median follow-up time of 23 months. Cervical recurrence was found in only one patient (1.2%). Neither death nor distant metastasis was observed in this series.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is feasible to perform a modified neck dissection for differentiated thyroid cancer through the extended collar incision. The preliminary results show that the above described incision is not only oncologically safe, but also offers a cosmetic benefit for the patient with thyroid carcinoma.</p>

Prokaryotic Expression and Acetylation Assays of Histone Acetyltransferase PCAF / 中国生物工程杂志

P300/CBP-associated factor(PCAF),an important member of histone acetyltransferase family(HATs) within eukaryotic cells,is capable of inducing the acetylation of histone,promoting the transcription of specific genes and involving in many biological effects.In the present study,full-length cDNA of PCAF was inserted into plasmid pGEX-5x-1,then the soluble protein GST-PCAF was expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3) after the optimization of inducing conditions.The recombinant protein was further purified with affinity chromatography and tested the activity by in vitro acetylation assays.High efficient PCAF protein produced by this method could serve for the study on the role of PCAF in gene regulation and the interaction between PCAF and other proteins.