ABSTRACT
To assess the serum vitamin D level in type 2 diabetic and pre-diabetic patients. A Cross-Sectional Study. National Center for Diabetes Endocrinology and Genetics [NCDEG], Jordan. All type 2 DM and pre-diabetes patients were eligible for inclusion in this study. The study was conducted from 1 October 2011 to 31 January 2012. The total sample size was 1,181 patients. Six hundred eighty-one patients had type 2 diabetes and 500 had pre-diabetes. Medical records and direct interview by the investigator or his colleagues were the sources of data. Three thousand seven subjects aged 13 years and above were selected as a control group from the data of the National Study of Vitamin D and B12, which was conducted in Jordan in 2009. The mean age was 53 [ +/- 10] years. Seven hundred fifty-eight [64.2%] were females, 681 [57.7%] were type 2 diabetic and 500 [42.3%] were pre-diabetic. Low serum vitamin D level [vitamin D and B12, which was conducted in Jordan in 2009. The mean age was 53 [ +/- 10] years. Seven hundred fifty-eight [64.2%] were females, 681 [57.7%] were type 2 diabetic and 500 [42.3%] were pre-diabetic. Low serum vitamin D level [vitamin D level were lack of sun exposure and milk consumption. Low serum vitamin D level is highly prevalent among type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes subjects. The two most important risk factors for low serum vitamin D level were lack of sun exposure and low milk consumption
ABSTRACT
IGF-1 that is generated in the liver is the anabolic effector and linear growth promoting hormone of the pituitary Growth Hormone [GH]. In the tissues, IGFs are important regulators of cell survival, growth, metabolism and differentiated functions. Prospective studies suggest that individuals with circulating levels of Insulin- like Growth Factor 1 [IGF-1] at the high end of the normal range are exposed to increased risk for several common cancers. This has led to the development of novel IGF- I receptor targeting therapies which have impressive antineoplastic activity in experimental system. This review article will focus on the biology of IGF-1 and its role in health and malignant states