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Objective:To investigate the relationship between job burnout, job stress, and depression in perimenopausal women.Methods:A total of 1 208 postmenopausal women from Wenzhou were randomly selected from August 2020 to August 2022 as research subjects for this study. Job burnout, job stress, social support, and depression were measured using the personal general condition questionnaire, the Chinese community nurse stress scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between job burnout, job stress, and depression.Results:The scores of the Chinese community nurse stress scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey in married people were (47.54 ± 4.54) points and (34.69 ± 4.12) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in unmarried, divorced, separated, and widowed people ( F = 9.49, 51.86, all P < 0.001). The Social Support Questionnaire score in married people was (33.28 ± 8.94) points, which was significantly higher than that in unmarried, divorced, separated, or widowed people ( F = 17.55, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score among married, unmarried, divorced,separated, or widowed people (all P > 0.05). The scores for the Chinese community nurse stress scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and Social Support Questionnaire in people who received middle school-level education were (55.41 ± 6.15) points, (44.31 ± 6.13) points, (21.24 ± 4.11) points, and (40.76 ± 10.44) points, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in people who received education of primary school and below, college and above ( F = 147.29, 106.46, 70.14, 13.08, all P < 0.001). The scores of stressors for individuals engaged in other non-service professions, the score of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, and the score of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were (44.21 ± 3.84) points, (37.78 ± 5.24) points, (17.53 ± 3.42) points, and (34.27 ± 6.97) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than that of stressors for individuals engaged in nursing, teaching, and other service professions ( F = 207.75, 102.47, 37.24, 137.35, all P < 0.001). The results of correlation analysis showed that the score of the stressor scale was positively correlated with the scores of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and Social Support Questionnaire ( r = 0.58, 0.62, 0.52, all P < 0.05). The score of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey was positively correlated with the scores of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Social Support Questionnaire ( r = 0.59, 0.68, both P < 0.05). The score of the depression scale was positively correlated with the score of the Social Support Questionnaire ( r = 0.65, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Job burnout and job stress are positively correlated with depression and related to perimenopausal women's marital status, social support, occupation, and education level.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of different doses of Jiedu Tongluo Shengjin prescription （JTSP） on serum interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and forkhead box P3 （FoxP3） in submandibular gland of NOD/Ltj mice with Sjögren's syndrome， and to explore the mechanism of JTSP on immune regulation in NOD/Ltj mice. MethodThirty NOD/Ltj mice （eight weeks old） were randomly divided into model group， JTSP low-dose group， JTSP medium-dose group， JTSP high-dose group and hydroxychloroquine group， and were administrated with normal saline， JTSP 9， 18， and 36 g·kg-1， and hydroxychloroquine 60 mg·kg-1 daily， respectively from the age of 12 weeks. Six ICR mice were given an equal amount of normal saline by gavage as the control group. During the experiment， daily water consumption and saliva secretion of mice at the age of 9， 12， 16 weeks were recorded. After 4 weeks of administration， submandibular gland and spleen tissues were dissected to calculate corresponding indexes. The pathological morphology of submandibular gland was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Meso Scale Discovery （MSD） and immunohistochemistry were employed to detect the serum levels of IL-6， TNF-α and IL-10， and the expression and distribution of FoxP3 in submandibular gland， respectively. The protein expression of FoxP3 in mouse submandibular gland was determined by Western blot， and the mRNA expressions of FoxP3 and TNF-α were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with the control group， the model group presented increased daily water consumption， decreased saliva secretion， lowered submandibular gland index， elevated pathological score of submandibular gland， up-regulated serum IL-6 and TNF-α and mRNA expression of TNF-α while down-regulated serum IL-10 and protein and mRNA expressions of FoxP3 in submandibular gland （P<0.05）. Compared with the conditions in model group， daily water consumption in JTSP groups was reduced while saliva secretion was increased， especially in medium-dose and high-dose groups （P<0.05）， and there was an increase in the submandibular gland index of JTSP medium-dose group （P<0.05） while a decrease in the spleen index of JTSP high-dose group （P<0.05）. Additionally， JTSP groups had lower pathological score of submandibular gland than the model group （P<0.05）， especially high-dose group， as well as lower serum IL-6 and TNF-α and mRNA expression of TNF-α while higher serum IL-10 （P<0.05）. JTSP at medium and high doses up-regulated the protein and mRNA expressions of FoxP3 in submandibular gland （P<0.05）. ConclusionJTSP may inhibit the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by regulating the stability of FoxP3+ regulatory T （Treg） cells， thus alleviating the systemic immune inflammation in Sjögren's syndrome.
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Objective:To explore the mental health status of overseas medical students during the COVID-19 epidemic, so as to provide references for the improvement of their mental health level.Methods:Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) was applied to make a survey online among 118 overseas medical students. SPSS 19.0 was used for statistical analysis, and independent sample ttest and univariate analysis were conducted between the groups. Results:The analysis showed that during the COVID-19 epidemic, the scores of SCL-90 factors of overseas medical students in China were significantly higher than those of Chinese youth norms ( P<0.001). The top four scores were as follows: obsessive-compulsive symptoms > paranoia ideation > interpersonal sensitivity > depression. The positive screening rate for SCL-90 of the overseas students was 40.4%. The scores of male overseas students were significantly higher than those of female students ( P<0.01). The scores of overseas students living outside China at present were significantly higher those of students living in China and on campus ( P<0.001). Conclusion:The mental health status of the overseas medical students needs to be attached great importance during the COVID-19 epidemic. Targeted psychological counseling and intervention should be given to foreign students both staying outside China and those on campus.
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Objective To investigate the effects of melatonin on the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in cerebral ischemia reperfusion (IR) rats, and to explore the possible mechanisms. Methods Seventy-two rats were randomly divided into the normal control group (n=12), model group (n=30) and melatonin group (n=30) according to the random number table. The rats in the model group and melatonin group were divided into four subgroups: 6 h, 24 h, 72 h and 7 d subgroups according to the time after IR. The morphological changes of the subventricular zone (SVZ) were examined by HE staining;the effects of melatonin on NSCs proliferation were examined by immunofluorescence staining;the effects of melatonin on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 protein were examined by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting analysis. The correlation between the proliferating NSCs and TLR4 protein or the NF-κB p65 protein was analyzed by linear regression analysis. Results HE staining showed that the cells in the SVZ of rats in the model group were in disorder and irregular in shape. In the melatonin group, the cells in the SVZ of the injured side were relatively well arranged. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)+Nestin+4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)+cells in the SVZ of the model (498.47 ± 26.44/mm2) and melatonin groups (623.10 ± 39.70/mm2) increased gradually, and reached a higher level after IR for 7 days, which were significantly higher than the normal control group (203.91 ± 32.23/mm2) (F=35.193, 170.344, 277.536, 285.947, all P＜0.01). The number of PCNA+Nestin+DAPI+cells in the melatonin group rats at each time points was significantly higher than that in the model group (F=102.561, 91.244, 168.502, 38.013, all P＜0.01). Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the numbers of TLR4+and NF-κB p65+cells in the SVZ of the model (740.02±31.63/mm2;710.01± 26.59/mm2) and melatonin groups (555.57 ± 25.28/mm2;528.85 ± 30.60/mm2) increased gradually, and reached a higher level 7 d after IR, which were significantly higher than the normal control group (107.97±12.84/mm2;109.80±13.89/mm2) (F=21.413, 263.059, 873.691, 1 037.098, all P＜0.01;F=26.374, 372.940, 854.826, 929.018, all P＜0.01). There were less TLR4+(F=7.641, 25.135, 66.094, 103.753, all P＜0.05) and NF-κB p65+cells (F=18.612, 69.597, 113.113, 119.814, all P＜0.01) in the melatonin group as compared with those in the model group at each time points. Western blotting analysis showed that the expression of TLR4 (0.87±0.08;0.68±0.06) and NF-κB p65 (0.72±0.05;0.58±0.05) protein was higher in the model and melatonin groups as compared with the normal control group (0.35±0.04, 0.31±0.03;F=107.43, F=132.51, both P＜0.01). The expression of the TLR4 and NF-κB p65 protein was lower in the melatonin group as compared with that in the model group (P＜0.01). Linear regression analysis showed that the differences of PCNA+Nestin+DAPI+cells were all negatively correlated with that of the TLR4+cells and NF-κB p65+cells in the melatonin group (r2=0.838, r2=0.813, both P＜0.01). Conclusion Melatonin can inhibit the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 protein, thus promote the proliferation of endogenous NSCs in cerebral ischemia reperfusion rats.
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Objective To explore the effects of two routes of melatonin (MT) administration including intraperitoneal and caudal vein injection on the behavior,histopathology and the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and active caspase-3 protein in focal cerebral ischemic rats.Methods 84 male Sprangue-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group (CON,n=12),middle cerebral artery occlusion group(MCAO,n=24),MT-intraperitoneal group (n=24) and MT-intravenous injection group (n=24) by random number table.Twenty-four hours after ischemia reperfusion (IR),Morris water maze was used to observe the effects of two routes of MT administration on behavior in focal cerebral ischemic rats.7 d after IR,MBP immunohistochemical and hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining were used to examine the expression of MBP in striatum and histopathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region.24 h,72 h and 7 d after IR,the expression of active caspase-3 in hippocampal CA1 region was observed by immunohistochemical staining.Results The average escape latencies in Morris water maze in MT-intravenous injection group at different time points were all lower than those of the MT-intraperitoneal,and they were all lower than those of the MCAO group.Swimming time percentage of target quadrant in MT-intravenous injection group were higher than those of the MT-intraperitoneal,and they were all higher than those of the MCAO group (all P＜0.01);7 d after IR,the results of HE staining showed that the hippocampus cells in MCAO group were disarranged with hyperchromatic nucleus and cytoplasm.More hippocampal cells were observed in MT-intraperitoheal and MT-intravenous injection groups,and they were relatively well arranged.The optical density (OD)of MBP in MT-intravenous injection group (105.60±4.04) was significantly higher than those in MCAO group (95.60±2.07) and MT-intraperitoneal injection group (98.00±4.18) (both P＜0.01).Immunohistochemical results showed that the number of active caspase-3 positive cells in MT-intravenous injection group ((116.93± 12.58)/mm2,(130.16±21.22)/mm2,(88.25±7.80)/mm2) at each time point were significantly lower than those in MT-intraperitoneal injection group ((156.64± 32.54)/mm2,(176.49± 17.44)/mm2,(127.96±16.73)/mm2) (all P＜0.05).At the time points of 24 h and 72 h after IR,there were less active caspase-3 positive cells in MT-intraperitoneal and MT-intravenous injection group compared with those in MCAO group((273.56±32.54)/mm2,(288.63±35.17)/mm2)(all P＜0.01).Conclusion MT administration by both intraperitoneal and intravenous injection can significantly improve the behavior and attenuate the histopathology and white matter damage,and reduce the cell apoptosis in hippocampal CA1 region in focal cerebral ischemic rats,and the therapeutic effects of MT-intravenous injection are better than MT-intraperitoneal injection.
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Objective To observe whether transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) could improve the emergence and recovery of patients undergoing robotic gynecologic surgery,and to explore the mechanism behind it.Methods Patients (aged 18-65 years,BMI 18-30 kg/m2,ASA grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ) scheduled for elective robotic gynecologic surgery were screened and randomized into three groups:group TEAS (groups T),no acupoint group (group N) and control group (group C),receiving TEAS (ST-36,SP6,BL59,BL60),stimulation at bilateral hips and no-stimulation respectively.Stimulations were given from 30 min before anesthesia induction to the end of surgery.Recovery measurements during emergence,PACU stay and 24 h after surgery were recorded.Levels of serum AQP4,MMP9 and S100β were analyzed.Results Time to response to verbal command and time to extubation in group T [(18.3± 6.7) min and (19.4 ± 6.6) min respectively] were significantly shorter than those in group C [(21.9±7.3) min and (23.1±7.3) min respectively] (P ＜0.05).Maximum VAS scores during PACU stay were significantly lower in group T than that in groups C and N (P＜0.05).Postoperative AQP4 level in group T significantly decreased compared with baseline (P＜0.05).However,postoperative MMP9 and S100β level in group C significantly in creased compared with the baseline (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion TEAS could fasten emergence of patients after robotic gynecologic surgery and improve postoperative analgesia.Mechanisms involving AQP4,MMP9 and S100β may be involved.
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Objective To investigate the effects of N-acetylserotonin (N-AS) on the expression of active caspase-3,Bcl-2 and Bax in rat retinas induced by retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI).Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal control group (6 cases),RIRI group (30 cases) and NAS group (30 cases),RIRI models in NAS group were established after giving NAS,the groups were sub-divided into 6 hours,12 hours,24 hours,48 hours and 72 hours group based on the time of RIRI.Morphologic changes were evaluated by HE staining.The expression of active caspase-3,Bcl-2 and Bax protein in the retina of rats was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results HE staining showed that the retinal structure in the normal control group was clear,and the cells in each layer were tightly packed;Each layer of retina was edema in the RIRI group after 6 hours and 12 hours,the edema gradually alleviated after 24 hours,the ganglion cells decreased gradually,the distribution was in disorder,with the prolongation of time,the retinal ganglion cells were defected;drug group of as Compared with RIRI group,the cell edema in the NAS group at 6 hours and 12 hours were obvious reduced,the cells in 24 hours,48 hours,72 hours group arranged regularly,the loss number of ganglion cells were reduced.The number of active caspase-3 positive cells in RIRI group increased at 6 hours after peffusion,the number was (561.15 ±37.19) cell ·mm-2,and reached the high level at 24 hours,the number was (1522.61 ±84.36) cell · mm-2,and then decreased gradually.The number of active caspase-3 positive cells in NAS group was significantly lower than that in RIRI group,the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The expression of Bcl-2 positive cells in RIRI group began to decrease after 6 hours,and decreased to a low level at 24 hours,and the number of Bcl-2 positive cells in NAS group was significantly higher than that in RIRI group at each time point,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).There were almost no Bax positive cells in the retina of the control normal group,and the Bax positive cells were found to be higher of the RIRI group at the 6 hours after RIRI,and reached the higher level at 24 hours,and decreased at 48 hours.The Bax positive cells of NAS group were significantly less than those in the RIRI group at different time points,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜0.05).Conclusion NAS can promote the expression of Bcl-2 protein in rat retina after RIRI,inhibit the expression of Bax protein,decrease the expression of active caspase-3 protein,alleviate cell apoptosis,and have neuroprotective effects.
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Objective To explore the effect of nursing of Traditional Chinese Medicine on cognitive function among aged people with mild cognitive impairment in elderly care institution. Methods A total of 66 cases with mild cognitive impairment elderly that previously were screened out from two pension institutions in Taiyuan city as the research objects. According to the endowment institutions where the objects of study dwelled was divided into control group (34 cases) and intervention group (32 cases). The intervention group accepted nursing of Traditional Chinese Medicine plan for four months. The control group received the disease related knowledge health education. The cognitive function of the two groups were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Scale (MoCA) before and after the intervention. Results Before the intervention, two groups had no statistical significance in each dimension score and total score of MoCA. After the intervention, four dimensions scores including ability of visual spatial and execute , attention , delayed recall , directional force and the total score of the intervention group respectively were (2.67±1.09) points, (4.07±1.08) points, (1.97±0.81) points, (4.83±0.99) points, (18.80±1.74) points while the control group were (2.15 ± 0.71) points, (3.30 ± 0.63) points, (1.39 ± 0.97) points, (4.24 ± 1.41) points, (15.06 ± 2.98) points, and the difference was statistically significant (t=1.91-6.06, P < 0.05 or 0.01) ;Before intervention the language score, delayed recall score and the total score of the intervention group were (1.43±0.77) points, (1.57±1.10) points, (17.27±1.99) points, respectively while after the intervention were (1.80 ± 0.66) points, (1.97 ± 0.81) points, (18.80 ± 1.74) points, there was statistically significant difference (t =-2.16,-2.11,- 4.34, P < 0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions Nursing of Traditional Chinese Medicine can delay the process of cognitive decline of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly, and have a certain effect on prevention and treatment of patients with mild cognitive impairment.