ABSTRACT
Breast cancer, as one of the most common malignant tumors in women, is a serious threat to life and health of women worldwide. To develop a simple and effective model to predict individual's risk of breast cancer has become the focus of breast cancer prevention research. Among the established predictive models, the Gail model is the most widely used one in developed countries, such as the United States and the countries in Europe. This paper reviews the application and research progress of Gail model in China and foreign countries, particularly focuses on the advantages and disadvantages in Gail model, in order to provide some references for the establishment of breast cancer risk assessment model suitable for Chinese population.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the treatment modalities and the prognostic factors of nasal cavity carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study was done on 60 nasal cavity carcinoma patients treated from 1985 to 1992. Thirty-four patients received radiotherapy alone and 26 patients received surgery plus radiotherapy. Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the survival, Log-rank test to assess the difference between these two groups and Cox proportional hazard model by multivariate analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall 5- and 10-year survival rates were 55.9% and 36.9% respectively. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 79.0% and 57.9% in patients with early lesions (stage I, II) and 44.1% and 26.0% in patients with advanced lesions (stage III, IV) (P = 0.005). There was no significant difference in the survival rate between radiotherapy alone and radiotherapy plus surgery (P = 0.33). Patients with squamous cell carcinoma had obviously poorer survival rate than patients with adenocarcinoma (P = 0.04). Patients with positive nodes had a lower survival rate compared with negative node patients (P = 0.09).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Histological type and clinical stage, but not method of treatment or neck node metastasis, are the important prognostic factors.</p>