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ObjectiveTo explore the current status of academic stress， self-control and mobile game addiction among middle school students， and to test the mediating role of self-control. MethodsA total of 750 middle school students were enrolled by convenient sampling method， and were assessed using Academic Pressure Questionnaire， Self-Control Scale （SCS） and Mobile Game Addiction Scale. Thereafter， the mediating effect of self-control on the association between academic stress and mobile game addiction was analyzed with PROCESS mediating effect test. ResultsA total of 682 middle school students completed the survey. The scores of Academic Pressure Questionnaire， SCS and Mobile Game Addiction Scale of the selected middle school students were （58.56±11.34）， （38.42±6.94） and （34.23±12.14）， respectively. The total score and each dimension score of Academic Pressure Questionnaire were positively correlated with the total score of Mobile Game Addiction Scale （r=0.189~0.259， P<0.01）， and negatively correlated with the SCS score （r=-0.348~-0.196， P<0.01）. The total score and each dimension score of Mobile Game Addiction Scale were negatively correlated with SCS score （r=-0.336~-0.252， P<0.01）. Academic stress could predict self-control negatively （β=-0.205， t=-9.288， P<0.01） and predict mobile game addiction positively （β=0.281， t=7.084， P<0.01）. Meantime， self-control could predict mobile game addiction negatively （β=-0.480， t=-7.238， P<0.01）. With self-control as a mediator variable， academic stress still significantly predicted the mobile game addiction （β=0.182， t=4.492， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe academic pressure， self-control and mobile game addiction of middle school students are all at the lower middle level， moreover， self-control has a partial mediating effect between academic pressure and mobile game addiction.
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ObjectiveTo discuss the relationship between general self-efficacy and mobile game addiction among middle school students， and to analyse the mediating role of time management disposition. MethodsFrom November 2020 to February 2021， a sample of 667 students were recruited from three middle schools in Jiangxi and Sichuan provinces using cluster sampling method. All selected students were assessed using General Self-Efficacy Scale （GSES）， Mobile Game Addiction Scale and Adolescence Time Management Disposition Inventory （ATMD）. Further， Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effect. Results①The total score of Mobile Game Addiction Scale was negatively correlated with the total scores of GSES and ATMD （r=-0.122， -0.333， P<0.01）. The total score of ATMD was positively correlated with the total score of GSES （r=0.536， P<0.01）. ②General self-efficacy and time management disposition could predict the mobile game addiction negatively （β=-0.333， -0.122， P<0.01）， and general self-efficacy could predict the time management disposition positively （β=0.536， P<0.01）. ③Time management disposition played a full mediating role between general self-efficacy and mobile game addiction， with a mediating effect size of -0.159 （95% CI： -0.213~-0.112， P<0.01）， accounting for 70.38% of the total effect. ConclusionGeneral self-efficacy indirectly affects mobile game addiction via time management disposition.
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Objective@#To investigate the efficacy and safety of the recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor Ⅱ-IgG Fc fusion protein (rhTNFR: Fc, etanercept) for the treatment of occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis induced by trichloroethylene (OMLDT) .@*Methods@#In September 2011 to February 2016, 12 patients with OMLDT were treated with etanercept 25 mg, subcutaneous injection, twice per week, doubling of first dose. The course of treatment was 6 weeks. The drug eruption area and severity index (DASI) score, the proportion of patients achieving a 50%, 75% and 90% reduction in DASI (DASI50, DASI75, DASI90) and the serum level of TNF-α were used to assess the efficacy at different times. Adverse reactions were also recorded and evaluated. The results were statistically analyzed by nonparametric Friedman test and repetitive measurement ANOVA using the software SPSS19.0.@*Results@#After 4 weeks treatment, the DASI score decreased form 56.33±7.02 to 0.50±0.91 (P<0.01) . The DASI50, DASI75 and DASI90 were all increased to 12 (100%) . The serum level of TNF-α decreased form (43.74±41.62) pg/ml to (3.03±0.47) pg/ml (P<0.01) . Statistically significant difference was observed from the above indexes. There were no adverse reactions in clinical application.@*Conclusion@#Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor Ⅱ-IgG Fc fusion protein may be a safe and effective drug in the treatment of OMLDT.
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Objective To observe the effects of berberine on neuralogical function,serum oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL),and matrix metalloproteinases-9(MMP-9) in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods Ninety-two patients with acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into treatment group and control group (n=46).Control group received routine treatment,while treatment group was given 0.3 g of berberine three times a day besides routine treatment for 14 days.In both groups,decubitus venous blood was harvested before,7 and 14 days after treatment.Serum ox-LDL and MMP-9 were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Before and 7 and 14 days after treatment,the neural function defect was graded by the US National Institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin scale (mRS).Results The neurological function was improved significantly in 7 and 14 days after the treatment for both two groups according to NIHSS and mRS,and the difference between treatment group and control group was statistically significant (P<0.05).After treatment,ox-LDL and MMP-9 declined significantly in both groups,and were lower in treatment group than in control group (all P<0.05).Conclusion Berberine significantly reduces ox-LDL and MMP-9 levels in patients with acute cerebral infarction and improves the degree of neurological function deficit.
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Objective To estimate the treatment effect of a tumor necrosis factor ? alpha antagonist (etanercept) on Stevens?Johnson syndrome induced by drugs. Methods After exclusion of tuberculosis, hepatitis, severe infections and tumors, 17 patients with drug?induced Stevens?Johnson syndrome were treated with subcutaneous injections of 25 mg(initial dose, 50 mg)etanercept once every 3 days for 6 times. Meanwhile, supportive therapies and compound glycyrrhizin injections were given to counteract inflammation and protect the liver. Results All of the patients were cured. Body temperature in 15 febrile patients gradually decreased within 24- 48 hours after the first injection of etanercept, and returned to normal in 72 hours. The number of vesicles stopped increasing, and lesion color turned from bright red to dull red within 24 hours. Skin condition was evidently controlled within 72 hours, and skin appearance almost returned to normal after 2 weeks of treatment, and was completely restored after 4- 5 weeks. The recovery of mucous membrane was slower than that of skin. Serum aminotransferase levels gradually declined after the first dose of etanercept and almost returned to normal in 2-4 weeks in 14 patients. Serum levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine began to decrease after 1- 2 weeks of treatment. The serum level of tumor necrosis factor?alpha nearly dropped into or was maintained in the normal range within 3 weeks after the start of treatment. Conclusion Early usage of tumor necrosis factor?alpha antagonists at an adequate dose is beneficial to the rapid control of Stevens?Johnson syndrome.
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Objective To investigate the associations of baseline serum uric acid, bilirubin levels with short-term outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods The clinical data in successive patients with acute ischemic stroke were colected, including the serum levels of uric acid and bilirubin on admission, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, and the modified Rankin scale (mRS) score at discharge or at day14 (mRS 0-2 was defined as good outcome, > 2 was defined as poor outcome). Results A total of 162 patients with ischemic stroke were enroled, including 114 in the good outcome group and 48 in the poor outcome group. There were significant differences in proportions of the patients with diabetes melitus (51. 75% vs. 75. 00% ; χ2 = 7. 526, P = 0. 006), previous history of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) (18. 42% vs. 50. 00% ; χ2 = 17. 790, P = 0. 001), as wel as the baseline diastolic blood pressure (87. 061 ± 12. 245 mmHg vs. 82. 375 ± 10. 949 mmHg; t = 2. 293, P = 0. 023; 1 mmHg =0. 133 kPa), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1. 604 ± 0. 299 mmol/L vs. 1. 265 ± 0. 206 mmol/L; t =3. 227, P = 0. 002), fasting glucose (2. 875 ± 0. 438 mmol/L vs. 8. 160 ± 0. 592 mmol/L; t = - 4. 761, P <0. 001), uric acid (289. 365 ± 77. 168 μmol/L vs. 248. 206 ± 66. 206 μmol/L; t = 3. 111, P = 0. 002), total bilirubin (14. 673 ± 2. 213 μmol/L vs. 10. 395 ± 2. 714 μmol/L; t = 3. 779, P = 0. 001 ), direct bilirubin (6. 036 ± 1. 392 μmol/L vs. 4. 956 ± 1. 379 μmol/L; t = 2. 088, P = 0. 038), and indirect bilirubin (8. 634 ± 2. 307 μmol/L vs. 5. 439 ± 1. 223 μmol/L; t = 4. 219, P < 0. 001) levels between the 2 groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the previous history of stroke or TIA (odds ratio [ OR ] 3. 751, 95% confidence interval [CI ] 1. 395-10. 091; P = 0. 009) and baseline NIHSS score (OR 2. 723, 95% CI 1. 093-6. 783; P = 0. 031) were the independent risk factors for poor outcome of ischemic stroke; while uric acid (OR 0. 357, 95% CI 0. 141-0. 900; P = 0. 029), high-density lipoprotein (OR 0. 262, 95% CI 0. 079-0. 870; P = 0. 029), and indirect bilirubin (OR 0. 117, 95% CI 0. 025-0. 539; P = 0. 006) were independently correlated with good outcome. Conclusions The increased baseline uric acid and indirect bilirubin levels are the favorable factors for good outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
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Hyperuricemia is closely associated with hypertension,diabetes,coronary heart disease.However,numerous studies have shown that as a natural antioxidant,uric acid has a strong antioxidant effect.It can enhance the body's overall antioxidant capacity,scavenge free radicals in tissue,decrease the level of oxidative stress,and improve the outcomes in patients with stroke.It may provide a new target for the treatment of stroke through investigating the neuroprotective effect of uric acid on ischemic stroke.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tiotropium bromide in the treatment of COPD patients and pro-vide evidence-based reference for the clinical treatment. METHODS:PubMed,EMBase,Medline,Cochrane Library,CJFD,Wan-Fang and VIP database were retrieved to collect the randomized controlled trial(RCT)of tiotropium bromide(test group)vs. place-bo(control group)in the treatment of COPD. The data was extracted and the quality was evaluated by Rev Man 5.0 software. RE-SULTS:A total of 19 studies were included,involving 16 318 patients. Meta-analysis shows that the FEV1[MD=0.13,95%CI (0.12,0.14),P<0.001],FVC[MD=0.20,95%CI(0.20,0.25),P<0.001] in test group were higher than control group,SGRQ score [MD=-2.94,95%CI(-3.38,-2.49),P<0.001] and COPD exacerbation rate[RR=0.83,95%CI(0.77,0.90),P<0.001] in test group were lower than those in control group ,but the dry mouth rate was higher than that of control group[RR=2.07,95%CI(1.34, 3.20),P<0.001],there were significant differences in 2 groups . CONCLUSIONS:Tiotropium bromide has good efficacy in the treatment of COPD. However,it may cause dry mouth. Due to the methodological limitations of included studies,it remians to be further verified by large-sample and high-quality RCT.
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OBJECTlVE To investigate the effect of stretch on muscarinic receptor- and 5-hydroxytryptamine( 5-HT)receptor-mediated contractiIe responses in isoIated circuIar muscIe strips taken from the rat stomach. METHODS The contractiIe responses to carbachoI(CCh)0.001-30 μmoI·L-1 or 5-HT 0.0001 -30 μmoI·L-1 administered cumuIativeIy were recorded in isoIated circuIar muscIe strips taken from the gastric fundus,body,cardia and pyIorus of rats under different preIoads of 1.0,1.5,2.0, 2.5 and 3. 0 g,but a singIe concentration of CCh 0. 3 μmoI·L-1 was administered to the antrum. RESULTS The -Log EC50 vaIue for CCh in the isoIated circuIar muscIe strips of the gastric fundus, body and pyIorus under 1.0 g preIoad was the Iargest,but decreased significantIy with higher preIoads (P﹤0.05,P﹤0.01). A simiIar resuIt was obtained in the isoIated circuIar muscIe strips of the gastric body when 5-HT was used as an agonist. The Emax vaIue of contractiIe responses to CCh and 5-HT in the cir-cuIar muscIe strips of the gastric cardia under 3.0 g preIoad was increased by 117.4% and 75.7% com-pared to that under 1.0 g preIoad. The Emax vaIue of contractiIe responses to 5-HT in the circuIar muscIe strips of the gastric body under 3.0 g preIoad was aIso increased by 115.9% when compared to 1.0 g preIoad. The Emax( g) vaIue of contractiIe responses to CCh in four types of muscIe strips was 10.453±2.956(cardia under 3.0 g preIoad),13.878±2.618(fundus under 2.5 g preIoad),10.244±1.843 (gastric body under 2.5 g preIoad)and 2.585±1.098(pyIorus under 2.5 g preIoad),respectiveIy. The Emax(g)vaIue of contractiIe responses to 5-HT in three types of muscIe strips was 4.363±1.705(cardia under 3.0 g preIoad),3.931±0.615(fundus under 3.0 g preIoad)and 3.161±0.680(gastric body under 3.0 g preIoad),respectiveIy. CONCLUSlON 0.5 g or 1.0 g preIoad is inadequate for accurate determi-nation of contractiIe responses mediated by muscarinic receptors and 5-HT receptors in isoIated circuIar muscIe strips taken from the rat gastric cardia,fundus,body and pyIorus,but 2.0 g preIoad is optimaI for investigating muscarine receptor- or 5-HT receptor-mediated contractiIe responses of isoIated gastric strips of rats.
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Objective To prepare and evaluate flutide-loaded PLGA nanoparticles modified with cell-penetrating peptide-TAT.Methods The sequence of TAT was synthesized with florenl methyoxycarbonyl amino acids .The purity and molecular weight of TAT were determined using RP-HPLC and MALDI-TOF-MS.PLGA was modified with the TAT peptide and then prepared into flutide-loaded nanoparticles ( TAT-PLGA NPs) with the double emulsion method .The physical and chemical properties were evaluated , including size distribution, Zeta potential, SEM of nanoparticles , loading ratio of drug content and release profiles of TAT-PLGA NPs in vitro.The cytotoxicity of TAT-PLGA NPs was evaluated by CCK-8 methods.Results The purity of synthesized TAT was 95.6%, and molecular weight was 1495.8.The mean diameter,Zeta potential, drug loading ratio of TAT-PLGA nanoparticals were (159.5 ±2.1) nm, -(1.87 ±0.6) mV, and (5.75 ±0.17)μg/mg, respectively.The nanoparticles observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) had a spherical shape and uniform size without aggregation .In vitro release test showed sustained release of flutide from TAT-PLGA nanoparticles .Cell proliferation assay revealed that the TAT-PLGA nanoparticles did not damage the cell growth in vitro and showed good compatibility.Conclusion TAT-PLGA nanoparticles are prepared successfully by double emulsion method,and have sustained-release effect and good compatibility in vitro.They have potential application prospect in prevention and treatment of influenza .
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Aim To analyze the blocking effect of ( ± ) doxazosin [ ( ± ) DOX ] , ( -) doxazosin [ ( -) DOX] and ( +) doxazosin [( +) DOX] on the vaso-constriction of rat isolated mesenteric arterioles media-ted by α1-adrenoceptors. Methods The vasoconstric-tion induced by phenylephrine ( Phe) in the rat isola-ted mesenteric arterioles ( the second- and third-order branches) was recorded using DMT wire myograph sys-tem 620M, and theα1-adrenoceptor antagonistic activ-ity of ( ± ) DOX and its enantiomers was analyzed. Results The inner diameter of second- and third-or-der branches of the rat mesenteric artery was (162. 5 ± 5. 3) μm (n=11) and (103. 1 ± 2. 3) μm (n=23), respectively. The values of normalized preload of the second-and third-order branches, which were calculat-ed by the LabChart software, were (2. 93 ± 0. 51) mN ( n =11 ) and ( 2. 64 ± 0. 50 ) mN ( n =23 ) ( P >0. 05 ) . Vasoconstrictive responses to Phe in the sec-ond-order branche of rat mesenteric artery under nor-malized preloads were not significantly different from those under 5 mN preload;however, the Emax values of the Phe-induced vasoconstriction under 10 mN, 15 mN and 20 mN preloads were decreased by 12%, 29%and 43% ( P<0. 01 ) respectively compared with those under normalized preload. The concentration-response curves for Phe were shifted to right in a concentration dependent manner by ( -) DOX or ( +) DOX at 0. 001 , 0. 01 and 0. 1 μmol · L-1 without significant change in their Emax values in the second-and third-or-der branches of rat mesenteric artery. Schild plot anal-ysis indicated that ( -) DOX, ( +) DOX and ( ± ) DOX non-competitively inhibited the vasoconstrictive responses to Phe in the second-order branches, and the rank order of pKB values was ( +) DOX ( 8. 67 ± 0. 10 ) , ( ± ) DOX ( 8. 53 ± 0. 090 ) , ( -) DOX (7. 85 ± 0. 09). However, schild plot analysis indica-ted that ( -) DOX and ( +) DOX competitively inhibi-ted the vasoconstrictive responses for Phe in the third-order branch, and the rank order of their pKB values was ( ± ) DOX ( 8. 68 ± 0. 17 ) , ( +) DOX ( 8. 48 ± 0. 10 ) , ( -) DOX ( 7. 48 ± 0. 140 ) . Conclusion The α1-adrenoceptor blocking activity of ( -) DOX is much weaker than that of ( +) DOX or ( ± ) DOX in the rat isolated mesenteric arterioles, and there is a tendency to enhance the activity of ( ± ) DOX in third-order branches of the rat mesenteric artery though theα1-adrenoceptor blockade effect of ( ± ) DOX is not significantly different from ( +) DOX.