Progress of relationship between fentanyl family and immunomodulation / 肿瘤研究与临床

The abuse of opioids in the perioperative period has made the side effects of opioids increasingly prominent. So many anesthesiologists have proposed the concept of opioid-free anesthesia. Immunomodulation is an important field of modern medical research. With the introduction of the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery, the immunomodulatory effects of opioids have received increasing attention. Currently, the fentanyl family is commonly used opioid analgesics in clinical practice. This article reviews the research progress of the fentanyl family and immunomodulation, in order to provide guidance for clinicians to choose analgesic drugs.

Analysis of gene variant in an infant with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic basis for a child with succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.@*METHODS@#Peripheral blood samples of the proband and his parents were collected and subjected to Sanger sequencing. High-throughput sequencing was used to verify the gene variants. Bioinformatic software was used to analyze the pathogenicity of the variant sites.@*RESULTS@#Sanger sequencing showed that the proband carried a homozygous c.1529C>T (p.S510F) variant of the ALDH5A1 gene, for which his mother was a carrier. The same variant was not detected in his father. However, high-throughput sequencing revealed that the child and his father both had a deletion of ALDH5A1 gene fragment (chr6: 24 403 265-24 566 986).@*CONCLUSION@#The c.1529C>T variant of the ALDH5A1 gene and deletion of ALDH5A1 gene fragment probably underlay the disease in the child. High-throughput sequencing can detect site variation as well as deletion of gene fragment, which has enabled genetic diagnosis and counseling for the family.

Parental warmth buffers against the effect of childhood bullying victimization on internalizing symptoms / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the longitudinal association between peer bullying victimization and internalizing symptoms, and to examine whether parental warmth buffers against this effect,so as to provide a reference for improving the mental health of the special group of children.@*Methods@#Students in grade 4 and grade 5 from three primary schools in Ma’anshan, Anhui Province were selected in Oct. 2017 with informed consent. Height, weight and pubertal development were objectively assessed. Internalizing symptoms and peer bullying victimization were evaluated at baseline and 1-year follow-up by using the MacArthur Health and Behavior Questionnaire-Child. Children were classified into three groups as non-bullying, non-consistent and consistent bullying victimization group. Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze whether the association between peer bullying victimization and internalizing symptoms varied across different parental warmth groups.@*Results@#Compared with non-bullying victimization group, consistent-and non-consistent bullying victimization had higher internalizing symptoms at baseline and 1-year follow-up(P<0.01). Students reported consistent, non-consistent bullying victimization under moderate parental warmth had lower internalizing symptoms at baseline and 1-year follow-up than those reported under low parental warmth group(P<0.01). Multiple liner regression showed that consistent bullying victimization [β=0.66(95%CI=0.33-0.99), 0.37(95%CI=0.15-0.59), 0.58(95%CI=0.31-0.84), P<0.05] and non-consistent bullying victimization[β=0.33(95%CI=0.18-0.47), 0.28(95%CI=0.13-0.41), 0.29(95%CI=0.08-0.51),P<0.05] were associated with higher 1-year follow-up internalizing symptoms in non-consistent, moderate-and low parental warmth group, while such association was not observed in consistent parental warmth group.@*Abstract@#The experience of peer bullying victimization increases the risk of internalizing symptoms and this finding suggests that parental warmth help to buffer children from the internalizing symptoms associated with bullying victimization.

Effects of Huashenzilu on chronic eczema in mice model / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM:To observe clinical the effects of Huashenzilu on mice models with acute and chronic eczema.METHODS:Eczema was induced by repeated local exposure to DNCB,and then the mice received Huashenzilu.Using ELISA kit method to test the serum concentration of IL-2,IL-4,TNF-α,IFN-γ,and HE staining to test histopathological changes.The ear swelling and scratching index were measured,and ear allergy score were measured according to the standard for evaluation.RESULTS:After the treatment of Huashenzilu,the serum concentration of IL-4,TNF-α significantly increased and the serum concentration of IL-2,IFN-γ significantly decreased in the chronic mice compared to the model group (P ＜ 0.01).The ear swelling,scratching index and ear allergy score were significantly decreased.The phenomenon of epidermal thickening,acanthosis layer cavitation,and mast cells,macrophages infiltration were improved compared to the model group.CONCLUSION:Huashenzilu can control the chronic eczema in mice through the mechanism of regulating the balance between Th1 and Th2 immune response.

An animal experimental study on the multiple comet tail sign and early abdominal visceral injury / 中华医学超声杂志（电子版）

Objective To study the correlation between multiple comet tail sign and the early abdominal visceral injury and explore the clinical application of the multiple comet tail sign in prompting the early abdominal visceral injury in an oleic acid animal model.Methods The experimental animals were divided into an experimental group and a control group.The sonograms of the lungs,livers and kidneys of control group were collected,and then the rabbits were executed.The animals of experimental group were made into multiple comet tail sign models.The thorax sonogram of successful model showed at least one lung area with varying degrees of multiple comet tail sign.Collect the sonograms of lungs,livers and kidneys were collected,and then the rabbits were executed.The two groups of rabbits were dissected,and the lungs,livers,kidneys,and spleens were removed to make the tissue sections.The gross pathologic findings and microscopic histological changes of the two groups were observed and noted.The ultrasound scores of chest sonograms were recorded:short comet tail sign for 1 point,isolated comet tail sign for 2 points,mild multiple comet tail sign for 3 points,moderate multiple comet tail sign for 4 points,and falls sign (severe multiple comet tail sign) for 5 points.The degree of organ injury was assessed by the percentage of pathologic injury area under microscope,and the correlation between the multiple comet tail sign and abdominal organ injary was analyzed.Results The successful rate of multiple comet tail sign model in experimental group was 100％.The sonograms of liver and kidney have no significant change after the experiment.The incidence of positive pathologic changes in experimental group was 100％ (11/11).The gross pathologic findings of lung were complete shape with dark red hemorrhagic area at surface;the microscopic pathologic findings were pulmonary edema (11/11,100％) and pulmonary hemorrhage (9/11,81.8％).The incidence of positive pathologic changes in the liver of experimental group was 45.5％ (5/11).The gross pathologic findings of liver were complete shape with reddish brown surface and flexible texture;the microscopic pathologic findings were cellular swelling of hepatocytes (5/11,45.5％).The incidence of positive pathologic changes in the kidneys of experimental group was 18.2％ (2/11).The gross pathology had no obvious changes,and the microscopic pathologic findings were cellular swelling of renal tubular epithelial cells (2/11,18.2％).Results showed that the lung ultrasound scores of rabbits with liver injury were obviously higher than those of rabbits with no liver injury,and there was significant differences (Z=-2.529,P=0.011).There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the lung ultrasound scores of rabbits with liver injury and the microscopic pathologic area of liver lesion (r=0.893,P=0.041),and the higher the lung ultrasound score,the more severity of the liver injury.Conclusions The appearance of multiple comet tail sign is earlier than the sonogram changes of liver and kidney.The most sensitive pathologic changes of abdominal organ appear in liver,followed by kidney.The scope and extent of the multiple comet tail sign can prompt the early injury in liver and kidney.

The advantages and research progress of T cells of the chimeric antigen receptor in the treatment of primary tumors / 天津医药

Chimeric antigen receptor (Car) T cells, not only have the characteristics of strong specific recognition of tu-mor antigens, but also have destruction and high affinity advantages, thus receiving more attention. Although it has played a lot of advantages in anti-tumor, it still has some shortcomings, which needs to be further optimized to improve the safety of its clinical application. In this study, The cell structure and biological function, treatment process, application development and application risk of Car T cells are reviewed, which provide references for further clinical immunotherapy of Car T.

The antagonistic effect and mechanism of N-acetylcysteine on acrylamide-induced hepatic and renal toxicity / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study is to investigate hepatic and renal toxicity of acrylamide (ACR) , the antagonistic effect and possible mechanism of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the toxicity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty female SD rats were randomly divided into four groups. All the rats were administrated by intraperitoneal(i.p.) injection and 1.5 hours later by gavage. The control group was administrated with 0.9% NaCl by i.p. injection and gavaged with 0.9% NaCl. The NAC group was administrated with 200 mg/kg NAC by injection and gavaged with 0.9% NaCl. The ACR group was administrated with 0.9% NaCl by injection and gavaged with 40 mg/kg ACR. The combined treatment group was administrated with 200 mg/kg NAC by i.p. injection and gavaged with 40 mg/kg ACR. The rats were administrated once a day for 2 weeks. After 24 hours of the last administration, the rats were decapitated. The blood was collected, the liver and kidney were separated. The body weight, organ coefficient and serum biochemical parameters were measured, and the pathological changes of the tissues were examined with a microscope. Then the expression of NF-κB p65, IκB-α and COX-2 were detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From the second day to the end of the exposure, the body weight of rats in the ACR group was statistically lower than that in the control group (P<0.05) . Compared with the combined treatment group, the body weight in the ACR group statistically decreased in the second and third days (P < 0.05) . The liver and kidney organ coefficients in the ACR group were (4.159%±.371%) and (0.764%±0.068%) respectively, which increased statistically when compared with the control group (P < 0.05) . The contents of ALT, AST and Cr in the serum in the ACR group were (77.370±16.397) U/L、(379.410±57.817) U/L and (77.812±6.391) μmol/L respectively, which were not significantly different with those in the control group and the combined treatment group (P>0.05) . The content of BUN in the serum in the ACR group was (7.005±1.009) mmol/L, which was statistically higher than that in the control group (P<0.05) . Histopathology results showed unclear boundary and nucleus pyknosis in hepatocytes, loose and disordered structures of hepatic cords in the ACR group, but no obvious pathology changes were observed in the kidneys of each group. In the Western blot results, the expression of nuclear NF-κB p65 and COX-2 in the liver in the ACR group was statistically higher than that in the control group and the combined treatment group (P<0.05) , and the expression of IκB-α in the liver in the ACR group statistically decreased compared with the control group and the combined treatment group (P<0.05) . The expression of total NF-κB p65 in the liver in the ACR group was statistically higher than that in the control group (P<0.05) .</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Under the conditions of this experiment, ACR may induce hepatic toxicity through the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway, and NAC could antagonize the hepatic toxicity of ACR by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, whereas the toxic effect of ACR on kidney needs to be further studied.</p>

Correlation of Chest Ultrasound and Pathology in Rabbits with Acute Lung Injury / 中国医学影像学杂志

PurposeAcute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome is a common severe disease, this paper aims to explore the pathological basis of diffuse comet-tail artifacts in rabbits with acute lung injury and evaluate the imaging value on pathological changes.Materials and Methods The bilateral anterior chest walls of the rabbits were divided into four zones, namely, left upper zone, right upper zone, left lower zone and right lower zone. The normal chest ultrasound images of the 6 rabbits were obtained. After oleic acid (0.1 ml/kg) was injected, the images of comet-tail artifact in the four lung zones were dynamically observed and stored for 1 hour. The chest ultrasound images were evaluated according to the ultrasound scores. The degree of pathological damage in each lung zone was assessed and analyzed in terms of the correlation with the ultrasound results.Results The animal model of acute lung injury with diffuse comet-tail artifacts was successfully made in all of the 6 rabbits. The main pathological changes of the animal model of oleic acid were diffuse pulmonary edema, congestion and congestive hemorrhage; necrosis was found in 4 rabbits. The area of pulmonary edema, congestion, and congestive hemorrhage increased gradually from top to bottom, and double diaphragm leaves were typical. A significant correlation was found between the ultrasound scores of comet-tail artifacts and the degrees of pathological damage (r=0.819,P<0.05).Conclusion The histological changes of chest diffuse comet-tail artifacts due to acute lung injury are pulmonary edema, congestion and congestive hemorrhage. The scope and density of diffuse comet-tail artifacts may indicate the degree of pulmonary parenchyma injury, which is important as reference to guide the treatment and prognosis.

Five-layer realistic finite element head models based on segmented computer tomography data / 生物医学工程学杂志

This paper is focused on head modeling using the sophisticated realistic finite element method (FEM) with five-layer tissues based on segmented data. First, the location of every pixel of the FEM head model was fixed on according to the registration method based on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computer tomography (CT) images. Then the location information was rebuilt with the hexahedron pattern in the ANSYS FEM software. Finally, the forward problem numerical computation was performed on this FEM head model. The simulation results verified the rationality and reliability of the model applied on the electroencephalograph (EEG)/magnetoencephalograph (MEG) study. The hexahedron meshing realistic head model combined with the MRI scanner information has potential in the future research of EEG/MEG.

Forward problem based on the conductivity characteristics of head tissues: simulation research / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objectives This paper is focused on the investigation of effects of inhomogeneous head tissues and anisotropic skull as well as white matter conductivity distribution on magnetic and electric field distribution of electric impedance tomography (EIT) and magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) based on the five-layer FEM head modeling.Methods Four different characteristics head models were set:homogeneous distribution,inhomogeneous distribution,anisotropic skull and white matter distribution.Electric and magnetic field distribution were obtained by the performance of numeric solving of the forward problem,and the effects of inhomogeneous conductivity and anisotropic conductivity on the distribution were studied by applying the quantitative statistical analysis.Results The present results showed that inhomogeneous and anisotropic characteristics can significantly alter the electric field and current density distributions then the magnetic field distribution induced in the brain.Conclusion The conclusion provides theoretical basis for the application of MREIT in the reconstruction of inhomogeneous and anisotropic conductivity of head tissues.

Advance in study of electric impedance tomography of human head tissues / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Brain diseases and brain activities are always accompanied by the conductivity changes of the head tissues.Electrical impedance imaging (EIT) is used in diagnosing brain diseases and monitoring brain functional activities.The basic concept of non-invasive electrical impedance imaging on human head and its aplication potential are introduced in this paper.Several EIT techniques based on magnetic field measurement are introduced.The existing problems and foreground of the related research are also discussed.

Advances in meshless methods and applications to ECG forward problem / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Meshless methods are recently developed numerical methods which require only node informa- tion. This paper introduces the basic principles and history of meshless methods, the principles and implementation of the moving least square method taking Galerkin method as an example. Finite points mixed method (FPMM) and its application in solving electrocardiogram(ECG) forward problem is also introduced. Foreground and problems need to be solved concerning the application of meshless methods in the study of ECG forward problem are discussed.

A review of electrical impedance tomography based on MRI technique / 生物医学工程学杂志

In this paper, a review of a new electrical impedance tomography technique-magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) is presented. Some medical imaging methods are briefly introduced. The basic theory of MREIT is given as well as its realization methods and developing status. The merits and challenges of this new trend are also demonstrated.

A Two-step MREIT Algorithm for Head Tissues Based on Radial Basic Function Neural Network / 航天医学与医学工程

Objective To develop a new Two-step magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography(MREIT)algorithm based on radial basic function(RBF)neural network for imaging electrical impedance distribution of a head.Methods Firstly,the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)system with high resolution was used to set up 3D model of the object and to identify the boundaries of different tissues.Then RBF MREIT algorithm was applied to estimate piece-wise homogeneous impedance values of those tissues,respectively.Furthermore,the impedance of each element within each region of the FEM model was estimated according to the RBF genetic algorithm method based on the piece-wise constant impedance.Results Computer simulations were conducted in a three-sphere head model(scalp-skull-brain,SSB)and the simulation results showed the applicability and feasibility of the present Two-step MREIT algorithm in imaging continuous electrical impedance distribution within the head.Conclusion The present Two-step MREIT algorithm is an effective method for imaging the continuous electrical impedance distribution within the human head.