Strategy Planning for Shortening the List of the Metabolic Syndrome Candidate Genes.

Most diseases involve many genes in complex interactions, in addition to environmental influences. The genetic susceptibility to a particular disease due to the presence of one or more gene mutations, and/or a combination of alleles need not necessarily be abnormal. Understanding genetic predisposition to disease and knowledge of lifestyle modifications that either exacerbates the condition or that lessen the potential for diseases is necessary for the societies to make informed choices. The aim of this narrative review is to identify an optimal candidate gene and its single nucleotide polymorphism in metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of non-communicable disorders such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) is high in developing countries such as Iran. The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) was one of the first studies reporting this high incidence. The present review aims to discover the genetic variant reported in association with MetS. The database for genotypes and phenotypes (dbGaP) and the database for genetic associations and human genome (HuGE navigator) were utilized in order to search for genes and their corresponding polymorphisms related to MetS. Additionally, an electronic literature search for other Iranian studies and the genetic aspect of TLGS was completed using PubMed. The results distinguished six of the most important genetic regions found to have strong association with MetS.

[Detection of urine morphine false negative results caused by adulterants]

Drug abusers are persistently tryieg to use masking techniques for hiding their addiction. Detection of false negative results of urine morphine test which caused by adulterants is the main goal of this study. Screening test for detecting urine morphine was done by two kinds of Immunochromatography rapid tests and the positive results confirmation done by TLC. Sodium chloride, vinegar, lemon juice, nitrite, hydrogen peroxide, and bleach, with effects on pH and gravity were checked as common adulterants in urine morphine check. This data showed that, double test performance without any increase in threshold amount of morphine [300ng/ml], have 100% sensitivity for preventing false negative results due to adulterants interference. Urine morphine test in double format, with and without increasing threshold amount of morphine, can reveal adulterants interference and prevent false negative reporting