Endovascular Therapy in the Extended Time Window for Large Vessel Occlusion in Patients With Pre-Stroke Disability / 대한뇌졸중학회지

Background@#and Purpose We compared the outcomes of endovascular therapy (EVT) in an extended time window in patients with large-vessel occlusion (LVO) between patients with and without pre-stroke disability. @*Methods@#In this prespecified analysis of the multinational CT for Late Endovascular Reperfusion study (66 participating sites, 10 countries between 2014 and 2022), we analyzed data from patients with acute ischemic stroke with a pre-stroke modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–4 and LVO who underwent EVT 6–24 hours from the time last seen well. The primary outcome was the composite of functional independence (FI; mRS score 0–2) or return to the pre-stroke mRS score (return of Rankin, RoR) at 90 days. Outcomes were compared between patients with pre-stroke disability (pre-stroke mRS score 2–4) and those without (mRS score 0–1). @*Results@#A total of 2,231 patients (median age, 72 years; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 16) were included in the present analysis. Of these, 564 (25%) had pre-stroke disability. The primary outcome (FI or RoR) was observed in 30.7% of patients with pre-stroke disability (FI, 16.5%; RoR, 30.7%) compared to 44.1% of patients without (FI, 44.1%; RoR, 13.0%) (P<0.001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis with inverse probability of treatment weighting, pre-stroke disability was not associated with significantly lower odds of achieving FI or RoR (adjusted odds ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.43–1.25). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 6.3% of both groups (P=0.995). @*Conclusion@#A considerable proportion of patients with late-presenting LVO and pre-stroke disability regained pre-stroke mRS scores after EVT. EVT may be appropriate for patients with pre-stroke disability presenting in the extended time window.

Validating the use of U-tool as a novel method for measuring the corneal diameter in infants screened for congenital glaucoma

Purpose: The Castroviejo caliper is routinely used for measuring the corneal diameter in patients with primary congenital glaucoma, but needs an examination under anesthesia (EUA) or sedation. A simple U?shaped tool was devised to aid in the estimation of the corneal diameters of patients in settings where an ophthalmic caliper is not available or EUA is not feasible. Methods: Infants presenting to the congenital glaucoma clinic posted for EUA were recruited. The demographic details of the patients such as age, sex, and diagnosis were noted. A simple U?shaped tool was devised using three Schirmer strips or a printable ruler. Before the patient underwent a EUA, the corneal diameters were measured using the U?tool. During EUA, corneal diameters were measured using the Castroviejo caliper. Results: The mean age of infants was 6.7 ± 3.39 months (R = 1–12). The mean corneal diameter measured using the U?tool was 13.29 ± 1.33 mm and with Castroviejo caliper was 13.18 ± 1.39 mm. The difference between the corneal diameters measured using the two techniques was ?0.114 mm with the Bland–Altman plot 95% Limits of agreement (LoA) from ?0.965 to 0.737 mm. Corneal diameters measured with both instruments had a good correlation (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = 0.95, P < 0.001). Conclusion: U?tool can be used for screening congenital glaucoma by first?contact physicians or optometrists. It can also be used by ophthalmologists when EUA is delayed

Extended osteoplastic maxillotomy for total excision of giant multicompartmental juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare vascular neoplasm occurring almost exclusively in adolescent males. Although benign, it is often locally aggressive and can erode into surrounding tissues and structures resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. In 20% of cases, there is intracranial extension. In this paper, we report on the total excision of a large, recurrent JNA with intracranial extension into the middle cranial fossa encroaching into the cavernous sinus, by right temporal craniotomy and extended osteoplastic maxillotomy.

Role of surgery in pediatric epilepsy.

Twenty five percent of patients with intractable epilepsy have surgically remediable epilepsy syndromes. This article reviews the treatment paradigm for pediatric epilepsy and also the indications, methods, and surgical options for the subgroup of patients with surgically remediable epileptic disorders based on our experience in the management of these children. The article also discusses the rationale for offering surgery and the timing of surgery in these patients. The study of surgically remediable epilepsy can best be divided into focal, sub hemispheric, hemispheric and multifocal epileptic syndromes. These syndromes have both acquired and congenital etiologies and can be treated by resective or disconnective surgery. The surgical management of these conditions (with the exception of multifocal epilepsy) provides Engel's Class 1 outcome(complete seizure freedom) in approximately 80% of children. The consequences of seizure freedom leads to a marked improvement in the quality of life of these children.The benefits to society, of allowing a child to grow to adulthood with normal cognition to earn a livelihood and contribute actively to society, cannot be understated.