ABSTRACT
With the emergence of avian flu, influence A virus and other diseases, the development of rapid, real-time, label-free biological sensors has become increasingly significant at the early detection and clinical diagnoses of various diseases. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have unique one-dimensional structure, special electrical properties, good biocompatibility and size compatibility, so that the SWNTs have great potential uses in the biosensor fields due to these advantages. This article reviews recent examples of carbon nanotubes field-effect transistor (CNTFET) as a label-free biosensors for detecting a variety of biological macromolecules, such as protein, enzyme, DNA, cancer, virus, carbohydrate and so on.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Biosensing Techniques , DNA , Chemistry , Nanotubes, Carbon , Chemistry , Proteins , Transistors, ElectronicABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To study the indication and the methods of hypopharyngeal and esophageal reconstruction in the surgical treatment of cervical esophageal carcinoma with laryngeal function preservation. To explore the reasons of err inhaling after gastric-pharyngeal anastomosis and its prevention and treatment.@*METHOD@#Clinical data of nine patients who underwent surgical treatment of cervical esophageal carcinoma with laryngeal function preservation from 1998 to 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients without preoperative hoarseness included two cases of pure cervical esophageal carcinoma, six cases of cervical esophageal carcinoma involved hypopharynx and one cases of cervical-thoracic esophageal poly primary malignant carcinoma. Eight patients were carried out total laryngeal function preservation and one patient was carried out partial laryngeal function preservation. The methods of hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal reconstruction included gastric-pharyngeal anastomosis (seven patients), free forearm flap (one patient) and pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (one patient).@*RESULT@#Good laryngeal function in four patients, moderate laryngeal function in two patients and bad laryngeal function in three patients. Everyone in seven patients underwent gastric-pharyngeal anastomosis had a very degree of gastric countercurrent, temporalitive disappearance of cough reflex and err inhaling, five of them laryngeal paralysis. The higher anastomosis gob, the heavier err inhaling. One patient with free forearm flap died of lethal haemorrhage. One patient with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap occurred anastomosis gob stricture.@*CONCLUSION@#Patients with pure cervical esophageal carcinoma and cervical esophageal carcinoma involved hypopharynx less than 1 cm from the entrance of esophagus are feasible to undergo total laryngeal function preservation operation, while elder patients with cervical esophageal carcinoma involved hypopharynx more than 1 cm from the entrance of esophagus are feasible to undergo partial laryngeal function preservation operation or no laryngeal function preservation operation instead of total laryngeal function preservation operation. Err inhaling is nearly relevant to the disorder of deglutition function of the pharynx-esophagus and err inhaling prevention function of the larynx.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anastomosis, Surgical , Methods , Esophageal Neoplasms , General Surgery , Laryngectomy , Methods , Larynx , General Surgery , Neck , Retrospective Studies , Stomach , General SurgeryABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effects of deliberated hypotension combined with acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) on safety,operation time, blood loss,postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) of the patients undergoing endoscopic nose surgery.Methods Twenty ASA grade I to II patients undergoing selective endoscopic nose surgery were divided randomly into two groups: control group (n=10) and hypotensive group (n=10). All patients received general anesthesia. In the hypotensive group, AHH was accomplished with infusion of HAES and lactated Ringer's solution after endotracheal intubation and before operation. Deliberated hypotension was induced and maintained with nitroprusside 0 5～3 0?g?kg -1 ?min -1 iv. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) and hemodynamics during operation were recorded and compared between the both groups.Results Operation time was about 44% shorter in the hypotensive group than that in the control group. Blood loss was significantly lower in the hypotensive group than that in the control group (P