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Skin photoaging not only affects the appearance, but also is associated with skin tumors. It is very important to objectively and effectively evaluate photoaging. Histopathological examination is the gold standard for the diagnosis of photoaging, but it can not be used repeatedly because of its invasiveness, and is not suitable for dynamic monitoring and evaluation of photoaging. Skin imaging technologies can realize in vivo, real-time and non-invasive two- or three-dimensional image analysis, which facilitate the visual assessment of skin photoaging. This review summarizes research progress in dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, high-frequency ultrasound and optical coherence tomography in evaluation of photoaging.
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Objective:To determine clinical curative effects of ozone therapy for pemphigus vulgaris.Methods:Ozone hydrotherapy was used as an aid treatment for 32 patients with pemphigus vulgaris.The hydropathic compression of potassium permanganate solution for 34 patients with pemphigus vulgaris served as a control.The main treatment for both groups were glucocorticoids and immune inhibitors.The lesions of patients,bacterial infection,usage of antibiotics,patient's satisfaction,and clinical curative effect were evaluated in the 2 groups.Results:There was no significant difference in the curative effect and the average length of staying at hospital between the 2 groups (P＞0.05).But rate for the usage of antibiotics was significantly reduced in the group of ozone hydrotherapy (P=0.039).The patients were more satisfied in using ozone hydrotherapy than the potassium permanganate solution after 7-day therapy (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Ozone hydrotherapy is a safe and effective aid method for pemphigus vulgaris.It can reduce the usage of antibiotics.
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Objective To identify common allergens in patients with eczema or dermatitis by using serum IgE tests, and to explore their clinical significance. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on eczema or dermatitis patients with at least one positive serum IgE test result from 10 hospitals in China. Results Totally, 458 patients were included in this study with an average age of 28.13 ± 23.11 years. Of these patients, 209 (45.63%)were male, and 249 (54.37%)were female. The top three allergens were cockroaches(180/458, 39.30%), dust mite mix(152/458, 33.19%) and peanuts (116/458, 25.33%). Polysensitization (sensitization to more than one allergen)was observed in 89.66%(26/29)of patients with atopic dermatitis and 86.84%(33/38)of patients with facial eczema. Moreover, the rate of polysensitization was significantly higher in patients with generalized lesions than in those with circumscribed lesions (80%(88/110)vs. 70.40%(245/348),χ2=3.880, P=0.049). The positive rate of specific IgE against inhaled allergens was highest in the age group of 11-20 years(39/43, 90.70%), while the specific IgE against milk(26.53%, 26/98)and beef (19.39%, 19/98)was mainly observed in children aged less than 3 years. In addition, patients in northern areas showed increased positive rates of specific IgE to mugwort (10.35% vs. 1.61%,χ2= 4.917, P< 0.05), cockroaches (42.42%vs. 19.35%,χ2=11.959, P<0.05), milk (14.39%vs. 3.23%,χ2=5.958, P<0.05), soybeans (13.89%vs. 3.23%,χ2=5.594, P<0.05), beef(11.36%vs. 1.61%,χ2=5.641, P<0.05)and fresh-water fish(13.38%vs. 3.23%,χ2 = 5.235, P< 0.05)compared with those in southern areas. Conclusions Cockroaches are a common allergen in patients with eczema or dermatitis, and their clinical significance is worthy of further study. Polysensitization seems to be more frequent in patients with facial eczema or atopic dermatitis. Age is an important factor influencing allergen sensitization, and there is a regional difference in the distribution of common allergens.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of 0.1% tacrolimus ointment and 0.1% mometasone furoate cream in the treatment of chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD). Methods Forty male patients with CAD were recruited and divided into two groups randomly.Twenty cases were treated with 0.1%tacrolimus ointment (Group A), and the other 20 cases were treated with 0.1% mometasone furoate cream (Group B) . The medications mentioned were applied topically to the lesions on the face twice a day and mizolastine tablet 10 mg per day given orally for 4 weeks. The therapeutic efficacy and side effects of medications were observed. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to measure the serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL12 in CAD patients before and after treatment with topical tacrolimus ointment and mometasone furoate cream. Results (1) Both groups had overall response rates of 100%, with no statistically significant difference ( > 0.05) . (2) Serum levels of IFN-γ,IL-2 and IL-12 were down-regulated after treatment in both treatment groups respectively ( 0.05) . Conclusion 0.1%tacrolimus ointment is effective in the treatment of CAD. Its therapeutic efficacy is equivalent to that of 0.1%mometasone furoate cream. It can be used as a possible steroid sparing equivalent.
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Objective To explore the effects of case method teaching in the medical postgraduate student of dermatology English teaching. Methods The experiment group was taught by case method teaching, and the control group was taught by traditional teaching model. The quantitative research and questionnaire investigation were used to evaluate the teaching methods. Results (1) There were significant differences in professional English test scores of Dermatology between the two groups;(2) The questionnaire investigation revealed that the case method teaching have achieved a higher evaluation from students in stimulating their enthusiasm of learning English,cultivating their ability of using language and improving capability of resolving clinical problem. Conclusion Case method teaching could help students cultivate the abilities to interpersonal communication and cooperation, raise the sense of innovation and innovation capacity,strengthen the relation between skills and theoretical knowledge, and improve the ability of self-management, learn cooperation and information literacy. But we should improve the case-based teaching and evaluation methods,in order to improve the teaching method of case teaching quality.
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Objective To observe the effects of gypenosides (GP) on nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling pathways in photodamaged skin of mice,and to explore the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of GP against photodamage.Methods Eighty Balb/C female mice were randomly divided into 8 groups: blank control group receiving no treatment,ultraviolet B (UVB) model group receiving UVB irradiation for 60 seconds,GP group Ⅰ receiving topical GP treatment followed by UVB irradiation,GP group Ⅱ receiving UVB irradiation followed by topical GP treatment,VitE group Ⅰ receiving topical VitE treatment followed by UVB irradiation,VitE group Ⅱ receiving UVB irradiation followed by topical VitE treatment,matrix group Ⅰ receiving topical matrix treatment followed by UVB irradiation,matrix group Ⅱ receiving UVB irradiation followed by topical matrix treatment.UVB irradiation lasted 60 seconds at one time,and was given once every other day for 7 times to establish a skin model of photodamage.The interval between irradiation and topical treatment was 30 minutes in all the groups except the control group and UVB model group.After the last treatment,mice were sacrificed.Western blot was performed to measure the protein expressions of inhibitor of NF-κB(IκB),inhibitor of NF-κB kinase (IKK),p38MAPK as well as phosphorylated p38MAPK (pp38) in skin tissue from the mice.Results No expressions of IκB or IKK were observed in the blank control group.The expression level of IκB was 0.40 ± 0.07 in UVB model group,significantly lower than that in GP group Ⅰ (1.63 ± 0.85,P ＜ 0.05) and GP group Ⅱ (0.90 ± 0.40,P ＜ 0.05),whereas the level of IKK protein was higher in UVB model group than in the GP group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (2.01 ± 1.75vs.0.23 ± 0.12 and 0.45 ± 0.29,both P ＜ 0.05).No significant difference was observed in the expression of IκB or IKK proteins between the GP group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,VitE group Ⅰ and Ⅱ or in the expression of p38MAPK between the 8 groups.The phosphorylated p38MAPK expression in UVB model group was significantly higher than that in GP group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (0.835 ± 0.049 vs.0.425 ± 0.054 and 0.571 ± 0.090,both P＜ 0.05),but similar to that in VitE groups.Conclusions UVB can activate NF-κB and phosphorylated p38MAPK signaling pathways; GP 1.5％ cream can inhibit UVB-induced activation of NF-κB and p38MAPK pathways,which may be one of the mechanisms underlying its protective effects against inflammation and photodamage.
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Objective To explore the mechanism underlying the effects of gypenosides (GP) against photodamage. Methods Eighty BALB/c mice were equally divided into 8 groups, i.e., blank control group (untreated), UVB model group (irradiated with UVB), GP I group (irradiated with UVB before topical application of GP), GPⅡ group (irradiated with UVB followed by topical application of GP), VitE I group (irradiated with UVB after topical application of Vitamine E cream), VitE Ⅱ group (irradiated with UVB followed by topical application of Vitamine E cream), Vehicle group Ⅰ (irradiated with UVB after application of the drug vehicle),and Vehicle group Ⅱ (irradiated with UVB before application of the drug vehicle). UVB irradiation was performed once every other day for 14 days. Mice were sacrificed after the last irradiation and skin specimens were obtained from the irradiated sites, and the levels of p53 and p21 protein were measured by Western blot in the specimens. Results The expression level of p53 protein was significantly lower in the blank control group than in the UVB model group (0.11 ± 0.08 vs. 0.22 ± 0.12) and GP Ⅰ group (0.44 ± 0.23, P < 0.01),in the blank control group and UVB model group than in the GP Ⅱ group (0.48 ± 0.24, P < 0.01, 0.05). VitE Ⅰ group (0.49 ± 0.29) and VitE II group (0.50 ± 0.27) were similar to the GP groups in the expression of p53 protein. No statistical difference was observed in the expression of p21 protein between the eight groups. Conclusion The upregulation of p53 protein expression in epidermal cells may be related to the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of 1.5% GP cream against photodamage.
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Objective To assess the histopathological characteristics of tumors arising in nevus sebaceous.Methods The clinical and pathological data on 16 patients with tumors arising in nevus sebaceous were collected and retrospectively reviewed.Histopathological characteristics were analyzed.Results Of the 16 patients,12 aged ≥ 18 years,4 aged 11 to 17 years; 7 had syringocystadenoma papilliferum(SCAP),4 tubular apocrine adenoma (TAA),3 trichilemmoma,2 basal cell carcinoma (BCC),1 porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus,and 1 nevus flammeus.Six patients suffered from more than one kind of tumor,of these tumors,concurrent syringocystadenoma papilliferum and apocrine adenoma predominated and were observed in 4 of these patients.Conclusion Any tumor arising from nevus sebaceous should be closely followed up.
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Objective To estimate the significance of E-selectin and P-selectin in nodular vasculitis.Methods The EnVision two-step method was used to measure the expression of E-selectin and P-selectin in skin samples from the lesions of 70 patients with nodular vasculitis and normal skin of 24 human controls. The differences between the patients and controls in the expression of E-selectin and P-selectin and relationship between their expression levels in nodular vasculitis lesions were assessed. Results The expression of E-selectin was detected in all the specimens of nodular vasculitis, and most of the expression level was moderately intensive (++); while E-selectin was absent in all of the control specimens. All the specimens of nodular vasculitis stained postivive for P-selectin, which was strongly (+++) expressed in most of the specimens; while only 2 control specimens stained weakly positive for P-selectin. A significant difference was observed in the expression of E-selectin and P-selectin between the specimens from the patients and controls (both P 0.05). In addition, the expression of E-selectin and P-selectin was well correlated with each other in lesions of nodular vasculitis (P < 0.01). Conclusions The expression of E-selectin and P-selectin is correlated with each other in lesions of acute nodular vasculitis, and is associated with the development of nodular vasculitis.
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Objective To investigate the clinical and histological characteristics of trichilemmal carcinoma (TLC). Methods A clinicopathological analysis of 13 cases of TLC was carried out. Results There were 9 males and 4 females among the 13 patients with TLC who were aged from 34 to 87 years (mean: 70 years). Clinically, the tumor presented as an exophytic mass; histologically, it was characterized by the proliferation of epithelial cells and keratinization of outer root sheath. Cytologically atypical clear cells predominated in the tumor tissue. Microscopy revealed different growth patterns of tumor cells, which included solid growth pattern, tobular pattern and trabecular pattern. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain demonstrated clear cells in all the tumor tissues from the 13 patients. Immunohistochemistry was performed in tissue samples from 6 patients, and showed that these samples were positive to high molecular weight cytokeratin (CK-HMW) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), but negative to carcinomebrynic antigen (CEA), S-100, cytokeratin 8 (CK8)and epithelial antigen(Ber-Ep4). Follow-up over 4 months to 5 years revealed neither recurrence nor metastasis in 9 cases.Conclusions TLC is a low-grade malignancy of skin adnexal tumor without distinctive clinical features, and should be differentiated from other malignant clear cell tumors of the skin.
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Objective To analyze the clinical and laboratory characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in children. Methods Fifty-three inpatients, 5 boys and 48 girls with SLE, who aged from 7 to 14 years with a median age at 12 years, were enrolled into this study. A retrospective study was carried out to assess the clinical and laboratory features of these pediatric patients. Results The ratio of male to female patients was 1:9.6. Skin eruption was the most common initial manifestation (41.51%), followed by fever (20.75%) and arthralgia (20.75%). Systemic involvement was common, and 84.90% of these patients had hematological abnormalities, 60.38% renal involvement, 18.87% nervous involvement. The most common manifestation of hematological, renal and nervous involvement was anemia, proteinuria and seizures, respectively. Among the immunologic parameters tested, anti-nuclear antibody showed the highest positivity rate of 90.57%, followed by anti-dsDNA with a positivity rate of 67.92%. There was no significant difference between the male and female patients in the age of onset, SLEDAI score at admission and discharge, duration of hospitalization or the dose of corticosteroid used initially and at the discharge. Conclusion The manifestations of pediatric SLE are various, and multisystem involvement is common in these patients. Early diagnosis and active treatment might benefit the prognosis of pediatric SLE.
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Objective To investigate the expression of cellular chemokine CCL22 and its receptor CCR4, as well as its clinical significance in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), along with its roles in the pathogenesis of this disease. Methods Forty-eight patients with SLE and 26 normal human controls were recruited into this study. The patient cohort included 2 males and 46 females with an average age of 33.98± 12.73 years and disease course of 1 month to 20 years. Blood samples were collected from the subjects. ELISA and flow cytometry were used to examine the plasma concentration of CCL22 together with the CCR4 expression on peripheral blood cells. SLEDAI was applied to evaluate the severity of SLE patients. Results The plasma concentration of CCL22 was 227.03±122.84 ng/L in SLE group, 369.53±79.10 ng/L in the control group, 168.09±61.83 ng/L in patients with lupus nephritis and 292.77±163.45 ng/L in patients without lupus nephritis; there was a significant difference between the SLE patients and normal con-trols (P < 0.05) as well as between patients with lupus nephritis and those without (P < 0.05). Increased percentage of CCR4-expressing cells were observed in the peripheral blood of patients with SLE compared with the controls (20.24%±13.86% vs 10.44%±3.07%, P < 0.01), and the percentage of CD3+CCR4+ cells was significantly higher than that of CD3-CCR4+ cells. Moreover, a decrease was noted in the plasma con-centration of CCL22 in severe patients (P < 0.05). In SLE patients, the percentage of CCR4 increased with the rise in SLEDAI score, whereas the plasma concentration of CCL22 negatively correlated with SLEDAI score (r = -0.308, P < 0.05). Conclusion CCL22/CCR4 may play a certain role in the development, pro-gression and organ involvement in SLE.
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Objective To observe the clinical effect and safety of polymorphous light eruption(PLE) and those of chronic actinic dermatitis(CAD) treated with Artemtherin.To further study better treatment methods for photodermatitis.Methods 105 patients with CAD and 63 patients with PLE were divided into the treatment group and the control group randomly.In the treatment group,63 cases of CAD and 32 cases of PLE were treated with Artemtherin.In the control group,42 cases of CAD and 31 cases of PLE treated with Hydroxychlorquine.The dosages of both groups were 40 mg and 200 mg at each time,twice a day respectively.Both groups were topically treated with 10% ointment zinc oxide,twice a day,for one month.Results The effective rate of treatment group and control group with PLE patients were 84.4%(27/32) and 80.6%(25/31),respectively.There was no significant difference between both groups in terms of the effective rate of PLE.The effective rate of treatment group and control group with CAD patients were 85.7%(54/63) and 81%(34/4),respectively.There was not any side-effect reported among these patients treated with Artemtherin.Conclusions It is effective,safe,economic,and convenient to treat PLE and CAD with Artemtherin.
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Objective To investigate the association of imbalance of Tc1 and Tc2 cells with chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD). Methods Immunohistochemistry (S-P method) was used to test the subgroups of infiltrating cells and the expression of receptors of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-? (IFN-?) in these cells of the eruptions from 28 patients with CAD and 7 normal controls. The serum levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-? from 33 patients with CAD and 32 normal controls were tested by ELISA. Results The major infiltrating cells in the eruptions of patients with CAD were T cells, which were significantly more than B cells (P
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Objective To observe the effect of different ultraviolet on HaCaT and offer experimental evidences for further studies of the pathogenesis of photodermatitis. Methods Using different dose of UVA and UVB to irradiate HaCaT cell line respectively. 12 hours later, the morphology of HaCaT cells was observed and the sum was calculated. Results The cell linkage was loose and the refraction was weak with some dead cells. The effect of large dosage of UVB was more obvious. Conclusions the effects on keratinocyte after UV exposure are different according to the dose of irradiation, which offers experimental evidences for the further study of the pathogenesis of photodermatitis.