ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In Brazil, TB is a public health problem, and the treatment dropout rate contributes to it. Methods: This systematic review investigated the factors associated with TB treatment dropout in Brazil using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. The databases used were Bireme, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO), and Latin-American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS). The search was conducted on May 16, 2021. Nine articles were reviewed, and all were published within the last 5 years in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. Results: The sample sizes in the studies ranged from 148 to 77,212 individuals, and the studies enrolled only adult patients (aged 18-59 years) in Brazil. Evidence suggests that the significant risk factors associated with TB treatment dropout are male sex, black race/ethnicity, age between 19 and 49 years, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection, low education (<8 years), use of alcohol and illicit drugs, and unsupervised treatment. This study's limitations were the small number of articles published on this topic with stronger study designs, use of secondary data sources in most articles, and a moderate to high risk of bias in most papers. Conclusions: There was a significant association between abandonment of TB treatment and HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome co-infection; socioeconomic factors (low education and homelessness); use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs; and failure to use directly observed treatment. These results can guide more efficient measures to prevent dropout.
ABSTRACT
O estudo objetivou descrever como as mulheres diagnosticadas com HIV durante o pré-natal vivenciam o diagnóstico e a gestação. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, qualitativa, realizada em uma instituição municipal de saúde de Juazeiro do Norte, entre dezembro de 2012 e fevereiro de 2013. Participaram cinco mulheres, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. As informações foram coletadas através de entrevista semiestruturada e os dados obtidos foram analisados pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram três categorias: O pré-natal como estratégia para o rastreamento da infecção pelo HIV; Reações diante da descoberta do diagnóstico e; Apoio após a descoberta do HIV.E mostraram que o conhecimento do diagnóstico causou impacto negativo na vida das participantes, levando-as a analisar seus planos pessoais, com o apoio de familiares, amigos e/ou serviço que as acompanham. Enfim, o diagnóstico ainda encontra-se permeado de estigma e preconceito. As consultas de pré-natal tornaram-se momentos excepcionais para a atuação da enfermagem, garantindo uma assistência humanizada e integral.
The study describes how women diagnosed with HIV during the prenatal experience the diagnosis and pregnancy. It is exploratory, descriptive, qualitative research conducted in a municipal institution Juazeiro health, between December 2012 and February 2013. Participant's five women, after approval by the Research Ethics Committee. Information was collected through semi-structured interviews and data were analyzed by content analysis technique. The results showed three categories: Prenatal as a strategy for screening of HIV infection; Reactions to the discovery of diagnostic and support after the discovery of HIV. In addition, showed that knowledge of the diagnosis caused negative impact on the lives of participants, leading them to analyze their personal plans, with the support of family, friends and / or service that accompany them. Finally, the diagnosis is still permeate stigma and prejudice. The prenatal consultations have become exceptional moments for the nursing interventions, ensuring a humane and comprehensive assistance.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Women , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis , Pregnant Women , Prejudice , Prenatal Care , Mass Screening/nursing , Women's Health , HIV , Nursing , Comprehensive Health Care , Emotions , Infections/diagnosisABSTRACT
Objetivo: Buscou-se conhecer as práticas culturais de cuidados entre as mães de lactentes com infecção respiratória em um ambulatório pediátrico, a partir do reconhecimento da importância do uso da medicina tradicional no Brasil. Métodos: Empregou-se um estudo descritivo-exploratório de natureza qualitativa, com vinte e oito mães de lactentes com infecção respiratória, atendidas em um ambulatório de referência no município de Barbalha - CE, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados entre os meses de novembro e dezembro de 2010, através de entrevista semiestruturada, com o uso de gravador. As falas foram analisadas por meio da análise temático-categorial, a qual permitiu a elaboração de quatro categorias temáticas, sendo elas: práticas culturais de cuidados entre as mães; fontes de informação sobre as plantas medicinais; modos de preparo das plantas medicinais e plantas utilizadas pelas mães. Para garantir o anonimato das participantes, estas receberam enumeração segundo a ordem das entrevistas. Resultados: O estudo demonstrou que as mães se utilizam da medicina popular, através do preparo de remédios caseiros, visando o tratamento e cura das infecções respiratórias de seus filhos lactentes, sendo que o lambedor e o chá à base de plantas medicinais merecem destaque. As mães depositam grande confiança e atribuem real significado ao uso das preparações caseiras. Foi possível observar que este conhecimento é proveniente de suas mães, avós, parentes e vizinhos. Conclusão: As mães atribuem grande importância à prática popular, o conhecimento tradicional, de relevante valor cultural, já que é transmitido de geração em geração e vem sendo reconstruído ao longo do tempo.
Objective: To understand the cultural practices of care among mothers of infants with respiratory infection in a pediatric outpatient clinic, from the recognition of the importance of the use of traditional medicine in Brazil. Methods: We applied a descriptive and exploratory study, qualitative, with twenty-eight mothers of infants with respiratory infection seen at a referral center in the city of Barbalha - CE, Brazil. Data were collected between the months of November and December of 2010 through semi-structured interview with a tape recorder. The speeches were analyzed by thematic-categorical analysis, which allowed the creation of four themes: cultural practices of care among mothers, sources of information on medicinal plants, modes of preparation of medicinal herbs and plants used by mothers. To ensure anonymity of participants, they received enumeration following the order of interviews. Results: The study showed that mothers make use of folk medicine, through the preparation of home remedies in order to treat and cure respiratory infections of their children; the leaking tea and herbal medicine are worth mentioning. Mothers place great confidence and give real meaning to the use of homemade preparations. It was observed that this knowledge comes from their mothers, grandparents, relatives and neighbors. Conclusion: Mothers attach great importance to popular practice, the traditional knowledge of relevant cultural value, as it is transmitted from generation to generation and has been rebuilt over time.