ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the clinical effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride and atropine in the treatment of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning.Methods 86 patients with organophosphorus pesticide poisoning were selected and randomly assigned to the observation group and the control group according to the digital table,43 cases in each group.The two groups were given conventional treatment,while the control group was treated with atropine,the observation group was given penehyclidine hydrochloride.The disappearance time of main symptoms, rescue success rate and adverse reactions of the two groups were observed.Results After salvage treatment, the rescue success rate of the observation group was 97.8%,which of the control group was 88.4%,the difference was statistically significant (x2=1.433,P<0.05).The disappear time of M like symptoms,N like symptoms and central nervous system symptoms in the observation group was significantly shorter compared with the control group (all P<0.05).The number of drugs,dosage,cholinesterase recovery time and hospitalization time between the two groups had statistically significant differences (P<0.05).The incidence rates of blurred vision,restlessness,heart rate and urinary retention in the control group were significantly higher than those in the observation group (all P<0.05).Conclusion Penehyclidine hydrochloride for acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning can significantly reduce the incidence of symptoms,shorten the disappearance time of symptoms,reduce hospitalization time,improve the efficacy of rescue,reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, it is safe,effective and has great clinical significance.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the role of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway in the endotoxin induced acute lung injury (ALI) during the treatment by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).Methods Six SPF male SD rats were isolated and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured.A total of 72 SPF male SD rats with 6-week-old were randomly (random number) divided into 4 groups:control group (n =18) in which phosphate buffered solution (PBS) used instead of lipopolysaccharide (LPS);LPS group (n =18) in which LPS used to induce acute lung injury;LPS + MSCs group (n =18) in which MSCs directly transplanted after injection of LPS;Control + MSCs group (n =18) in which MSCs transplanted after injection of PBS.And then 6 rats of each group were sacrificed at 6 h,24 h,and 48 h separately after injection of LPS.At 24 h after the modeling,lung tissue was taken and the levels of Wrnt signaling pathway components were detected by using immunohistochemistry and Western blot.In addition,quantitative realtime PCR was used to detect the expression of Wnt signaling pathway target genes.Results Compare with the PBS control group,significant decrease in lung dry-to-wet ratio and increase in arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) were found in MSCS transplantation groups.According the immunohistological results,Wnt 5a was significantly increased in the LPS-induced ALI rats and decreased after MSCs transplantation.Moreover,decrease in levels of GSK-3β phosphorylation and β-catenin was found in the lung tissue after MSCs transplantation.In addition,the expressions of Wnt signaling target genes Vegf,Axin2 and Klf4 were decreased significantly after MSCs transplantation.Conclusions In the setting of ALI,the therapeutic effect of MSCs was exerted by decreasing the expressions of Wnt 5a,GSK-3β phosphorylation,β-catenin,and Wnt signaling target genes Vegf,Axin2 and Klf4.Wnt signaling implicated in the therapeutic effect of MSC in the setting of ALI.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of melatonin (MT) on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in rats with phosgene-induced lung injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty specific pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into phosgene inhalation group, air control group, saline control group, MT treatment group, and SB203580 (specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK) group, with 10 mice in each group. All groups except the air control group were exposed to phosgene, and the animals were sacrificed 6 h later. Lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) and activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured. The qualitative and quantitative expression of p38 MAPK and phospho-p38 MAPK (p-p38) was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot, respectively. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level in lung tissue was determined by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the air control group, the phosgene inhalation group had significantly increased lung W/D ratio and neutrophil count in BALF (P < 0.01); the MT treatment group had significantly lower neutrophil count and lung W/D ratio than the phosgene inhalation group (P < 0.05). IHC demonstrated that the air control group had relatively weak expression of p-p38 in lung tissue; the expression of p-p38 was significantly up-regulated after phosgene inhalation, and it was mainly distributed in infiltrating inflammatory cells and vascular endothelial cells, positive in the cytoplasm and nucleus of many cells. The distribution of p-p38-positive cells in the MT treatment and SB203580 groups was similar to that in the phosgene inhalation group, but the MT treatment and SB203580 groups had a significantly reduced number of cells with p-p38-positive nuclei and a significantly reduced intensity of p-p38 expression signals. The phosgene inhalation group had significantly increased content of MDA and NO and activity of MPO compared with the air control group (P < 0.01); the MT treatment and SB203580 groups had significantly reduced content of MDA and NO and activity of MPO compared with the phosgene inhalation group (P < 0.05), but had higher content of MDA and NO and activity of MPO than the air control group. The Western blot showed that the phosgene inhalation group had significantly increased expression of iNOS and p-p38 compared with the air control group (P < 0.01); the MT treatment and SB203580 groups had lower expression of iNOS and p-p38 than the phosgene inhalation group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MT and SB203580 have a significant protective effect in rats with phosgene-induced lung injury, and the mechanism may be associated with scavenging free radicals and inhibiting activation of p38 MAPK and expression of iNOS.</p>