ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To systematically review and assess the relationship between particulate matter (PM(10) and PM(2.5)) and children's hospital admissions for asthma, using both time-series and case-crossover analyses.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The PubMed, Ebsco, Ovid and four Chinese periodical databases were screened for studies related to short-term effects of particulate matter on pediatric asthma hospital admissions published from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2013.Sixteen studies on PM(10) and 10 studies on PM(2.5) were selected finally for meta-analysis. Relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of asthma hospital admissions per 10 µg/m³ increase of daily particulate matter were obtained from each study. RevMan 5.2.11 was used to test the heterogeneity of the results among the different studies and amalgamat the effect size by fixed or random effect model.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>As the concentration of PM(10) increased per 10 µg/m³, the children's hospital admissions for asthma increased by 1.75%; for PM(2.5), a 3.45% increase for asthma hospital admissions as the concentration increased per 10 µg/m³. By subgroup analysis based on study design, the effect size on both PM(10) and PM(2.5) of case-crossover study's results were higher than time-series analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The short-term increase of the concentration of PM(10) and PM(2.5) may led to the increase of Children's hospital admissions for asthma, and PM(2.5) will present a higher risk contribution.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Air Pollutants , Asthma , Epidemiology , China , Epidemiology , Cross-Over Studies , Hospitalization , Hospitals, Pediatric , Odds Ratio , Particulate MatterABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the distribution of etiological agents in children with asthma exacerbation in Chongqing during 2013 .Methods Four hundred and forty seven cases of hospitalized children with asthma exacerbation in 2013 in Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed in SPSS19 .0 software .Results Among the 447 children with asthma exacerbation ,the percentage of bacteria was 43 .8% ,streptococcus pneumonia(SP)(25 .5% ) was the most common bacteria .Among the 25 cases with bacteria culture of bronchoalveolar lavage ,the positive rate was 44 .0% ,and the difference to sputum culture was not significant (P>0 .05) .The positive rate of 7 common respiratory viruses was 27 .3% ,RSV accounted for 18 .8% ,and it was the most common virus .The virus infection rate was higher in the groups below one years old ,and compared each groups′virus detection rates ,the difference was significant (P< 0 .05) .The positive rate of mycoplasma pneumoniae was 23 .5% ,chlamydia pneumonia was not detected .Conclusion Asthma exacerbation in children is closely related to respiratory infec‐tion .Bacteria detection rate was high in all ages ,which suggests that bacterial infection is an important factor in asthma exacerbation that can′t be ignored .