Advances in several important antimicrobial lipopeptids from Bacillus spp / 生物工程学报

Bacillus spp. are probiotics and can secrete a variety of natural antimicrobiol active substances, of which lipopeptides are an important class. Up to now, about 90 lipopeptides have been identified, and most of them are cyclic lipopeptides. surfactin, iturin, fengycin, bacillomycin and polymyxins are widely studied, and the first three have huge potential for application due to their properties of surfactants and anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory functions. In this paper, the research progress in the structure, function, synthesis regulation, separation, purification and production of surfactin, iturin and fengycin was reviewed. Synthetic biology is a vital means to increase the yield of lipopeptides, and in the future, lipopeptides can be used in crop cultivation, animal farming, food, medicine and petroleum industries as well as environmental protection. Future research should be strengthened on the discovery of new lipopeptides, synthesis of high-activity lipopeptides, economical production of lipopeptides on a large scale and their safety evaluation.

Inflammatory fibroid polyp: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 28 cases / 实用医学杂志

Objective To study the clinical and pathologic characteristics of inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP)in gastrointestinal tract,and discuss the diagnosis,differential diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clini-cal and pathologic findings of 28 IFP patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results IFP occurred in 8 males and 20 females aged from 37 to 71(with a mean age of 52 years).Nineteen cases of IFP occurred in stomach(18 in an-trum and 1 in body),7 in small intestine(6 in ileum and 1 in jejunum)and 2 in rectum.The solitary non-capsulat-ed polyp was composed of spindle cells, mainly located in the submucosa. Spine cells concentrically arranged around blood vessels with"onion skin"pattern, but those of small intestine were devoid of concentric formations. Twenty-seven cases showed the spindle cells were positive for CD34. Two cases harbored activating mutations in PDGFRA exon 12. Endoscope or surgical excision was adopted as operation method, and showed good therapeutic effect.Conclusions IFP is a rare benign interstitial tumor exhibits two morphologies,which can harbor activating mutation in PDGFRA.CD34 positive can help the diagnosis.

Expression of Stat5 in thyroid carcinoma and its relationship with EMT / 实用医学杂志

Objective To study the expression of Stat5,E-cadherin and Vimentin in thyroid carcinoma and the correlation among them. Method The expression of Stat5,E-cadherin and Vimentin in 149 cases of thyroid specimens(including 23 cases of nodular goiter and 126 cases of thyroid carcinoma)was detected by immunohisto-chemistry SP method and the correlation analysis was conducted with the main clinical pathological parameters. Results The positive rate of Stat5 and Vimentin in thyroid carcinoma was 85.71% and 77.78% respectively, which was significantly higher than that in nodular goiter(26.09%and 8.70%)(P 0.05),but obviously with lymph node metastasis and pathological type(P<0.05). Stat5 was negatively correlated with the expression of E-cadherin (r=-0.335,P=0.000)but positively with the expression of Vimentin(r=0.218,P<0.05). Conclusion The high expression of Stat5 and EMT in thyroid carcinoma tissues indicate that Stat5 may be involved in the EMT process of thyroid carcinoma ,thus it can promote the invasion and metastasis of thyroid carcinoma.

Impact of siRNA-mediated down-regulation of CD147 on human breast cancer cells / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of siRNA-mediated down-regulation of CD147 on growth, proliferation and movement of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The protein expression of CD147, MMP-2 and TIMP-2 of the MDA-MB-231 cells were analyzed by ABC. Lentiviral expression vector of CD147 gene was constructed and transfected into MDA-MB-231 cells. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein level changes of CD147 genes to identify the optimal time point, followed by detection of changes of mRNA and protein expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 genes. CCK-8 reagent method and cell scratch test were used to detect the proliferation and migration change of MDA-MB-231 cells. The nude mouse model of breast cancer by hypodermic injection with MDA-MB-231 cells was established to document the effect of CD147 siRNA on the tumor transplants.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After transfection of lentiviral expression vector of CD147 gene, protein of CD147, MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were weakly or negative expressed, significantly weaker than those of control group (P < 0.01). After 72 hours of transfection, average down-regulation rate of CD147 and MMP-2 were 96.03% ± 0.84% and 96.03% ± 0.84%, respectively. Both CD147 mRNA and MMP-2 mRNA expression were down-regulated (P < 0.05), while TIMP-2 mRNA expression showed no significant deference (P > 0.05). No less than 2 days after transfection, cell growth of MDA-MB-231 cell line was found significantly inhibited (P < 0.05). After 24 hours of transection, average migration distance of MDA-MB-231 cell line and control group were (0.64 ± 0.12) mm and (4.69 ± 0.85) mm, respectively, which indicated a lower migrate speed. Down regulation of CD147 led to reduction of volume and mass of nude mouses. The growth of the carcinoma transplant was inhibited upon siRNA-mediated down-regulation of CD147 (P < 0.05), with an average tumor mass of (1.85 ± 0.98) g and both reduction of tumor size and tumor mass.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CD147 may alter the MMP-2/TIMP-2 balance in MDA-MB-231 cells. CD147 gene silencing inhibits the proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells and the growth of carcinoma transplants in nude mice.</p>

Effects of CD147 gene silencing on protein expression of ANXA2, MMP-2 and TIMP-2 by thyroid medullary carcinoma TT cells and biologic characteristics / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the influence of CD147 gene silencing on the expression of ANXA2, MMP-2 and TIMP-2 of thyroid medullary carcinoma TT cells and related biological characteristics.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Protein expression of CD147, ANXA2, MMP-2 and TIMP-2 was detected by immunocytochemistry.RNAi technology was used to identify the specific siRNA sequences and the optimal time point of effective inhibition of CD147 gene. The expression of ANXA2, MMP-2 and TIMP-2 at mRNA and protein levels was detected with RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. MTT method was used to detect the proliferation of the TT cells, flow cytometry (FCM) to detect the cell cycle and apoptosis changes of TT cells and transwell chamber assays to document the influence of CD147 gene silencing on migration and invasion of the TT cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The protein expression of CD147, ANXA2, MMP-2 and TIMP-2 proteins was variable in the TT cells. Two siRNA sequences were identified to effectively silence CD147 gene in the TT cells, in which relative expression of MMP-2 was reduced at both mRNA and protein levels; although the expression of ANXA2 mRNA and protein did not change significantly. TIMP-2 protein expression markedly decreased in an absence of its mRNA expression. The proliferation of the TT cells was inhibited upon the CD147 gene silencing along with a significant increase of G(0)/G(1) phase cells and a decrease of G(2)/M phase cells.However, the proportion of the apoptotic cells in all experimental groups did not change. The number of the penetrating cells through the membrane filters did not show significant changes in all experimental groups in the Transwell chamber assays.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Through RNAi technology, two CD147 siRNA sequences are identified and shown to effectively inhibit CD147 gene expression of the TT cells. CD147 gene silencing leads to growth inhibition of the TT cells and alteration of the cell cycle. However, silencing CD147 does not significantly affect the apoptosis, migration and invasion of the TT cells.</p>

Expression of HMGB1, MMP-9 and VEGF-C in papillary thyroid carcinoma / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To study the expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C)gene in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and their significance.Methods Expression of HMGB1,MMP-9,VEGF-C proteins and HMGB1 mRNA was detected by technology of immunohistochemistry(SP) and in situ hybridization in 58 cases of PTC tissues,20 cases of thyroid adenoma tissues,25 cases of nodular goiter tissues and 10 cases of normal thyroid tissues.Results Expression of HMGB1,MMP-9,VEGF-C proteins and HMGB1 mRNA in PTC tissues was much higher than that in the 3 non-cancerous tissues (P ＜ 0.05).The positive expression rate of HMGB1,MMP-9 proteins and HMGB1 mRNA was closely associated with the thyroid carcinoma size and lymph node metastasis (P ＜0.05).There was also closely association between the positive expression rate of VEGF-C protein and lymph node metastasis(P ＜ 0.05).The positive expression rate of HMGB1,MMP-9,VEGF-C proteins and HMGB1 mRNA had no association with patients' sex or age(P ＞ 0.05).The expression of HMGB1,MMP-9 and VEGF-C proteins had positive correlation with each other(P ＜ 0.05).The expression of HMGB1 protein and HMGB1 mRNA was also positively correlated with each other(P ＜0.05).Conclusion Expression of HMGB1,MMP-9,VEGFC proteins and HMGB1 mRNA in PTC is correlated with the progress,invasion,metastasis of PTC,by detecting them may help to predict the clinical progress and prognosis.

Effects of the dominant negative form of protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit α driven by alpha-fetoprotein enhancer/phosphoglycerate kinase promoter on hepatoma cell xenografts / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of AFP enhancer/pgk promoter driven expression of the dominant negative form of the PP2A catalytic subunit α (DN-PP2Acα) in vivo.Methods The previously constructed AFpg promoter-driven DN-PP2Acα was recombined into an adenovirus,and the expression of PP2Ac was tested using Western blot.Cell growth was tested using the MTT and flat plate clone formation assays.In vivo studies were performed in tumor xenograft models.Results AFpg promoter-driven expression of DN-PP2Acα exerted cytotoxic effects against the AFP-positive human hepatoma cell line HepG2,but did not affect AFP-negative human hepatoma cells (SKHEP-1) or normal human liver cells (L-02).Moreover,AFP enhancer/pgk promoter driven expression of DN-PP2Acα inhibited the growth of AFP-positive HepG2 tumors in nude mice bearing solid tumor xenografts,but did not affect AFP-negative SK-HEP-1 tumors.Conclusion The recombinant AFP enhancer/pgk promoter-driven DN-PP2Acα expression adenovirus presented selective cytotoxicity against AFP-positive hepatoma cells and provides a useful gene therapy strategy to selectively target hepatocellular carcinoma.

Expression of Annexin Ⅱ and uPA in thyroid cancer and their clinical significances / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To explore the role of Annexin Ⅱ and urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA) proteins in the development and lymph node metastasis of thyroid cancer.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Annexin Ⅱ and uPA proteins in 35 cases of papillary thyroid cancer tissues,10 cases of thyroid adenoma tissues,16 cases of nodular goiter tissues and 7 cases of normal thyroid tissues.Results The positive expression rate of Annexin Ⅱ and uPA protein was significantly higher in papillary thyroid cancer than in normal thyroid tissues,nodular goiter tissues and thyroid adenoma tissues( P ＜0.05 ).The expression of Annexin Ⅱ and uPA protein was positively correlated in papillary thyroid cancer tissues(P ＜0.05).The expression of Annexin Ⅱ protein in thyroid cancer tissues was associated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis while the expression of uPA protein was only related to lymph node metastasis.Conclusions Annexin Ⅱ and uPA proteins are involved in the occurrence and development of papillary thyroid cancer.They also play a facilitating role in lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer.

Expression and significance of Annexin Ⅱ protein in ovarian adenocarcinoma / 中国综合临床

Objective To explore the expression and significance of Annexin Ⅱ protein in ovarian adenocar-einoma.Methods The expressions of Annexin Ⅱ protein were detected in 48 cases of ovarian adenocarcinoma and 10 cases of ovarian adenoma by SP immunohistochemistry.Results The positive rates of expression of Annexin Ⅱprotein in ovarian adenoma were 50.00% (5/10), and were 81.25% (39/48) in ovarian adenocareinoma (χ2 =4.414, P <0.05), in well and moderately-differentiated, poorly differentiated ovarian serous adenocarcinoma were 93.33% (14/15) and 78.95% (15/19) respectively (χ2 = 1.383 ,P0.05 ), and on the Ⅰ and Ⅱ stage, Ⅲ and Ⅳ stage of ovarian serous adenocarcinoma were 60.00% (6/10) and 95.83% ( 23/24 ) respectively (χ2=7.226, P <0.05).The positive rate in the group of ovarian serous adenocarcinoma with lymph node metastasis was 90.00% (27/30), while 50.00% (2/4) in the group without lymph node metastasis (χ2=4.502, P<0.05).Conclusion The positive expression of Annexin Ⅱ protein may be correlated with the carcinogenesis, development and lymph node metastasis of ovarian serous adenocarcinoma.

A case-control study of male and female breast cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To analyze the clinical data of male breast cancer (MBC),and investigate the clinical characteristics and factors potentialy affecting prognosis of male breast cancer. Methods A retrospective case-control study was performed on 17 MBC and 102 female breast cancer cases from January 1996 to 2008, treated in the hospital with pathologic proofs. Results MBC accounted for 1.15% (17/1473) of all cases. The initial visiting age was older, the time from the appearance of lump to the first doctor contact was longer, the positive rate of axiUary lymph node metastasis and local skin change incidence ratio was higher in the male group (P <0.05); there was no significant difference about overall 5-year disease-specific survival between the two groups (P >0.05), when tumor stages and nodal involvement were checked, Conclusion This study suggests that the two groups' prognosis is similar, the gender is uncertain prognostic factor.

Effect of benazepril on transforming growth factor-?1 mRNA in a rat model of chronic cyclosporine-induced nephropathy / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To explore the mechanisms of protective effect of benazepril in the treatment of experimental cyclosporin- induced chronic nephrotoxicity. Methods Rats were on low-salt diet and cyclosporine A (CsA) was administered by gastric gavage at a dose of 30?mg/kg once daily for 28 days. The expression of mRNA for intrarenal transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1) and renin was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Intrarenal expression of TGF-?1 and Collagen Ⅳ was determined by immunohistochemistry. The effects of benazepril on these changes were also evaluated. Results Chronic cyclosporine-induced nephropathy may be related to TGF-?1 and renin mRNA up-regulation as well as matrix proteins accumulation in interstitium. Benazepril could reduce TGF-?1 mRNA up- regulation and decrease intrarenal matrix proteins accumulation. Conclusion Decreased CsA-related TGF-?1 up-regulation expression and accumulation of matrix proteins in the kidney may be related to mechanisms of protective effect of benazepril in the treatment of cyclosporin-induced chronic nephrotoxicity.

Effect of sodium ferulate on bcl-2 and bax gene expression of apoptotic hippocampal neurons induced by sodium ferulate / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the protective effects of sodium ferulate(SF)on apoptosis in cultured hippocampal neurons induced by sodium nitroprusside(SNP),and the effect of SF on expression of bcl-2 and bax.METHODS:The primary cultured hippocampal neurons were exposed to 50 ?mol SNP,a nitric oxide-donor,for 24 h after pretreatment with different concentrations of SF(10-160 ?mol/mL)for 6 h.Then neuronal viability was tested by MTT assay.Fluorescent staining with Hoechst 33258 and agarose gel electrophoresis was used to analyze apoptosis.The expressions of bcl-2,bax mRNA and protein were tested by RT-PCR and Western blotting.RESULTS:Pretreatment with SF(10-160 ?mol/L)for 6 h increased the survival rate of neurons.SF prevented the neuronal nuclei from shrinkage,condensation and cleavage and blocked neuronal nuclear DNA fragmentation induced by SNP.SF also increased the expressions of bcl-2 mRNA and Bcl-2 protein and decreased the expressions of bax mRNA and Bax protein.CONCLUSION:SF prevents the cultured hippocampal neurons against SNP neurotoxicity.The mechanism of protection is related to the increase in Bcl-2 level and the decrease in Bax level.As a result,the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax is changed.