Evaluation of the effect of two different systemic doses of Viola Odorata on prevention of induced tongue dysplasia in rats

Statement of the Problem: Oral cancer is among the ten most common cancers worldwide. It affects the life quality of patients in many ways

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two different systemic doses of Viola Odorata syrup on the prevention of 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide [4- NQO] induced tongue dysplasia in rats

Materials and Method: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of A, B, C and D. Group A served as the control group. The rats in groups B to D received 30 ppm of 4-NQO in drinking water for 12 weeks. Additionally, the rats in groups B and C received Viola Odorata syrup at doses of 15 and 5 ml/kg, respectively, 3 times a week. Body weights were measured three times a week. At the end, the rats were euthanized and the tongue was removed. Histological evaluations for carcinogenesis were carried out under a light microscope

Results: The mean body weight of the rats in groups B, C, and D were lower than that in group A [p< 0.01]. After 12 weeks of treatment, microscopically no histological changes of the tongue base epithelia were observed in the control group. The rats in group B did not show severe dysplastic changes; only mild to moderate histological changes including hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis were evident. These incidences were significantly more apparent in groups C with moderate to severe changes [p< 0.05] and group D with severe dysplastic changes [p< 0.01]. Almost all rats in group D had hyperplasia and manifested all of the stages of dysplasia

Conclusion: Viola Odorata extract has dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the development of tongue induced dysplasia

Preventive effects of tomato pulp on oral pre-neoplastic changes induced by 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxid in the rat

Squamous cell carcinoma [SCC] is the most frequent oral cancer. Protective effects of the consumption of vegetables and fruits on various forms of cancer including oral cancer have been determined. Tomato [Solanum lycopersicum L.] because of its lycopene and bioflavonoids contents possesses anti-carcinogenic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effects of tomato pulp on pre-neoplastic changes induced by 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxid [4-NQO] in epithelial cells of lingual mucosa in the rats. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four equal groups. Group 1 served as control. Groups 2 to 4 assigned to receive 30 ppm 4-NQO in drinking water for 12 consecutive weeks. When the feeding of 4-NQO was started to the rats of groups 3 and 4, they received tomato pulp [20 and 40 ml/kg bw] daily through the oral gavage. Finally, histological evaluations for carcinogenesis were performed for tongues epithelial tissue. There were no pathological alterations in epithelial tissue of lingual mucosa in control rats. In the epithelial cells of lingual mucosa of 4-NQO treated rats, premalignant alterations appeared after 12 weeks of the last application of the drug. Administration of tomato pulp at both doses [20 and 40 ml/kg bw] during the experiment reduced the severity of the lesions, as well as caused a significant reduction in the frequency of pre-neoplastic lesions of tongue epithelial cells [P= 0.024 and P= 0.008]. The incidence of severe epithelial cells dysplasia of lingual mucosa in the high dose treatment group was significantly smaller than of low dose treatment group [P= 0.037]. The results obtained showed that tomato pulp is effective in inhibiting the development of neoplasms in epithelial cells of lingual mucosa induced by 4-NQO in the rat

Effect of vaccinium arctostaphylos L. ointment in contrast of zinc oxide in secondary healing of postsurgical wound

Skin wound healing is very significant physiological procedure. It is quite obvious that promoting this healing is important too. One of the most popular compounds used ever for skin care is Vaccinium arctostaphylos essential oil. In this study we tried to compare the effects of V. arctostaphylos and zinc oxide on secondary intentioned open-wound healing in rats. In this experimental study, 75 male rats included in 5 groups: eucerin, zinc oxide, Vaccinium extract 10 and 20%, not treated. The whole operation was taking place under general anesthesia circumstances. Took photos continuously 21 days after wound creation and catch biopsy intervals were 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. Wounds areas are measured by Scion Image[TM] software. At last, all data were analyzed using SPSS-17. As a result V. arctostaphylos with dose of 20% has significant healing properties compared to zinc oxide. These data were validating under confidence surface of 99% [p<0.01]. Base on earned data it will be suitable to use of zinc oxide ointment for healing reason but there is opportunity to researcher to survey higher dose of this plant extraction in contrast of zinc oxide

Protective effect of turmeric extract on ethotrexate-induced intestinal damage and oxidative stress / 中国天然药物

AIM@#The most important side effect of methotrexate (MTX) is mucositis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of turmeric extract on intestinal damage and oxidative stress in rats receiving methotrexate.@*METHODS@#Experiments were performed on male Wistar albino rats divided into six groups. First group received normal saline orally, the second group received turmeric extract (100 mg·kg(-1)) orally for 30 days, the third group received turmeric extract (200 mg·kg(-1)) orally for 30 days, the fourth group received a single dose of methotrexate (20 mg·kg(-1)) i.p. at day 30, the fifth group received turmeric extract (100 mg·kg(-1)) orally for 30 days and a single dose of methotrexate (20 mg·kg(-1)) i.p. at day 30, and the sixth group received turmeric extract (200 mg·kg(-1)) orally for 30 days and single dose of methotrexate (20 mg·kg(-1)) i.p. at day 30. Four days after methotrexate injection, animals were anesthetized, blood samples were taken to determine total antioxidant status (TAS) and jejunum samples were taken for glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxidase dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), aldehyde malondialdehyde (MDA), and histopathological assessment.@*RESULTS@#Microscopic evaluation from intestinal tissues of the MTX treated group, showed severe villus shortening and blunting, inflammatory cell infiltration and hemorrhage in lamina propria, along with epithlial cell necrosis. Levels of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT decreased in the MTX received group, but increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the turmeric + MTX groups. MTX increased lipid peroxidation, however, turmeric decreased peroxidation significantly (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#These results suggest that turmeric extract may protect the small intestine of rats from methotrexate-induced damage. Turmeric effects could result from its antioxidant properties.

[Effect of simvastatin on healing of experimental femoral cortical bone defect in rats]

Rebuilding and renovation of lost bone whether because of physiologic or pathologic factors was one of the surgeons' motivations from the past. Statins are commonly prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs; however, it has recently been shown that they also have the beneficial side effect of enhancing bone matrix formation. As a result, this study evaluates the possible osteogenic effect of Simvastatin on the experimental femoral defect in rats. This experimental study was conducted on 30 male SD rats. Animals were divided randomly into 3 groups [control and experimental]. After induction of general anesthesia, a 2mm hole was made using a dental bit in the width of the femur reaching the medullary channel. After surgery, the control group received orally physiological serum daily and experimental groups 1 and 2 respectively received daily 10 and 20 mg/kg/PO of Simvastatin. Histopathological and histomorphometrical studies for evaluation of bone healing were carried out in experimental rats, which were euthanized after 45 days of the experiment using hematoxylin-eosin [H and E] staining method. For data analysis ANOVA and Tukey tests along with SPSS version 18 was used. In control group, defect seemed to be filled with woven bone and bone marrow spaces in spite of a poor osteogenic activity. In experiment groups, young bone trabeculae had increased in number and were more organized. Histomorphometric results observed that Simvastatin has significant effect on bone healing in experimental groups 2 and 3 than control group, but no significant effect was observed between groups that received low and high dosage of simvastatin

[Histopathological and histomorphometrical effects of atorvastatin on experimental femoral cortical bone defect healing in rats]

Bone remodeling has always been the goal of surgeons for a long time. Recently, it was shown that statins that are commonly prescribed for lowering cholesterol also have beneficial effects on bone healing. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the probable effects of atorvastatin on osteogenesis in the rat femur. This experimental study was conducted on 30 male Sprague-Dawley [SD] rats. The animals were divided randomly into one control and two experiment groups. After induction of anesthesia, a hole of 2 mm in diameter was made in femur width. The control group received physiological serum but the experiment groups one and two, respectively, received 10 and 20 mg/kg/PO of atorvastatin on daily basis. After euthanizing the rats, histopathological and histomorphometrical evaluations of the bones were performed 45 days after the intervention. In the control group, the defects seemed to be filled with woven bone and bone marrow, depictive of a poor osteogenic activity. In the experiment groups, many osteoblast groupings and young bone trabeculae had been formed and bone trabeculae were more organized. Histomorphometric results, showed that atorvastatin had significantly promoted bone healing in the experiment groups compared with the controls [P<0.001]. Moreover, the analysis showed that atorvastatin had more significant effects in group three receiving high doses of the medication in comparison with group two [P<0.001]. The findings of this study showed that atorvastatin is capable of stimulating osteogenesis in rats

Protective effect of ethanolic extract of Crocus sativus L. [Saffron] stigma against Cisplatin induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Cisplatin, as an important anti-cancer drug, is a potent hepatotoxicant. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Crocus sativus L. stigma [EECSL.S] against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in the rats. 40 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 5 groups [1-Normal control, 2- Toxicant control, 3-Positive control and 4 and 5- Treatment with extract] of 8 animals each. Cisplatin was injected [0.4 mg/kg] to groups 2-4 daily for 8 weeks, intraperitoneally. Simultaneously, normal saline [10 ml/kg] for groups 1 and 2, silymarin [50 mg/kg] for group 3 and EECSL.S [40 and 80 mg/kg] for groups 4 and 5 were administered through the gavage. At the end of experiment, levels of serum biomarkers of hepatic injury as well as antioxidant activity in liver homogenates of the rats were assessed. Moreover, histopathological observation was assayed at the degree of hepatic injury. In the cisplatin receiving rats, EECSL.S [40 and 80 mg/kg] and silymarin significantly decreased the levels of serum biomarkers of hepatic injury and total bilirubin and significantly elevated the levels of serum albumin and total proteins. In these rats, EECSL.S and silymarin decreased the lipid peroxidation and elevated the levels of antioxidant enzymes in a dose dependent manner. Histopathologically, EECSL.S and silymarin ameliorated cisplatin-induced hepatic injuries and the changes were in agreement with biochemical findings. EECSL.S protects hepatic tissue against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats due to its anti-oxidant properties

[Effect of grape seed extract on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats]

Background: Apoptosis is a regulated, energy-dependent, cell suicide mechanism that has also been reported to play a critical role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. In the present study, the effect of grape seed extract on cardiomyocyte apoptosis status in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats was investigated

Materials and methods: 40 male wistar rats with age of 12 weeks and 200-300g weight were randomly allocated into four equal groups namely normal vehicle treated rats, healthy rats received 40 mg/kg grape seed extract, diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with grape seed extract [40 mg/kg] for 12 weeks. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ [50 mg/kg] in diabetic groups

Results: Significant increase of apoptotic cells was noted in diabetic rats. Oral administration of grape seed extract resulted in significant reduction of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in diabetic rats

Conclusion: These results provide confirmatory evidence of apoptosis in diabetes and point towards the possible anti-apoptotic effect of grape seed extract