ABSTRACT
This study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro complexation nature and strength of complex which may be formed due to interaction between Amoxicillin and Calcium chloride (CaCl2). The interaction of Amoxicillin and Calcium chloride (fused) has been studied in aqueous systems at a fixed temperature (37 ± 0.5) °C and under different pH (pH 2.4 and pH 7.4) by using some physical methods as spectral observation, Job’s method of continuous variation, Ardon’s method. From spectrophotometric study, Amoxicillin gives a sharp peak at 272 nm when Calcium chloride mixed with Amoxicillin in 1:1 ratio the intensity of the peak of Amoxicillin change remarkably due to interaction. The jobs plot was obtained by plotting absorbance difference against the mole fraction of the each drug at pH 2.4 and pH 7.4. Amoxicillin forms strong 1:1 complex with Calcium chloride and reverse V Shaped curves indicate the formation of 1:1 complexes of Amoxicillin with Calcium chloride. These may indicate strong kinetics of complexation between Amoxicillin with Calcium chloride. The value of stability constant for the complexation of Amoxicillin with calcium chloride at pH 2.4 and pH 7.4 were obtained from the spectral data using Ardon’s plot. The value of stability constant for the drug-metal system at pH 2.4 and pH 7.4 are 5.54 and 6.67 respectively. At pH 2.4 it is found that Amoxicillin form relatively stable complex with Calcium chloride (stability constant 6.67) is high in comparison to pH 7.4. It can therefore be concluded that a careful consideration is needed during concurrent administration of Amoxicillin with Calcium chloride.
ABSTRACT
In the present work, the roots of Musa Paradisiaca Lam. (Family: Musaceae) were investigated for preliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity. Preliminary phytochemical screening of ethanol extract of the roots revealed the presence of various classes of compounds like alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, reducing sugars and tannins. The ethanol extract of the roots of Musa Paradisiaca Lam. was tested by using agar disc diffusion method for antimicrobial assay. The ethanol extract of Musa Paradisiaca Lam. showed moderate in-vitro antibacterial activity against both gram positive (B. Megaterium, B. Subtilis, S. aureus) and gram negative (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. dysenteriae, S. typhi, Vibrio cholerae and S. flexneri) bacteria with the zones of inhibition ranging from 10.53 ± 0.37 to 12.42 ± 0.85 mm at concentration of 500 μg/disc. Thus the findings revealed the medicinal potential of Musa Paradisiaca Lam. against various infectious diseases to develop a drug.
ABSTRACT
The interaction between Verapamil Hydrochloride and Magnesium Sulphate (anhydrous) has been studied in an aqueous system at pH 7.4 and 2.4. From spectrophotometric study, it has been found that Verapamil Hydrochloride form 1:1 complex with Magnesium Sulphate (anhydrous). Spectral studies helps to detect the initial complexation between drug and metal. Job’s plot at 7.4 and 2.4 provides same type of information. The Ardon’s spectrophotometric method confirmed the 1:1 complexation and the value of stability constants was calculated using Ardon’s plot. An in vitro study of protein binding of Verapamil Hydrochloride and their 1:1 mixture with Magnesium Sulphate (anhydrous) has been conducted by equilibrium dialysis method at (37 ± 0.5)0C and at pH 7.4. The Scatchard plots were prepared to reveal the number of binding sites and the affinity for protein binding. It has been found that interaction of the drug with Magnesium Sulphate (anhydrous) results into increasing the affinity and increasing the protein binding of Verapamil Hydrochloride.
ABSTRACT
In the present work, the ethanol extract of the barks of Phyllanthus acidus L. (Family: Euphorbiaceae) were investigated for preliminary phytochemical screening, cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities. The presence of phytochemical constituents was identified by characteristic changes using standard procedure. Brine shrimp lethality (BSL) bioassay was used to investigate the cytotoxic effects and the agar disc diffusion method was used for antimicrobial assay of the plant extract. The phytochemical screening of ethanol extract of the plant showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides and steroids. The ethanol extracts of Phyllanthus acidus L. bark showed cytotoxicity with LC50 and LC90 values of 501.19μg/mL and LC90: 794.33μg/mL, respectively. The extract of Phyllanthus acidus L. bark showed significant antibacterial activity against gram negative bacteria only such as such as E. coli (19.25 ± 0.54mm), S. typhi (32.08 ± 0.51mm) and Vibrio cholerae (16.42 ± 0.42mm). The obtained results showed a potential source of biologically active compounds which can be used as antibacterial agents.