ABSTRACT
DM is the long term chronic disease that leads to late stage vascular complications and pathogeneses of chronic complication started 5-10 years ago when the diagnosed diabetes. T2DM can remain asymptomatic for many years, majority associated complications or several chronic diseases. Main risk for people with diabetes, that hyperglycemia in microvascular complications and alteration of dyslipidemia makes macro vascular complications such as foot amputation, disability, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, blindness and stroke. Our study aimed to evaluate foot care patients of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and determained risk factors for foot complication in newly diagnosed T2DM. The survey was conducted in Ulaanbaatar. For the study we 188 and 150 patients newly diagnosed T2DM, who have met the inclusion criteria and agreed with informed consent. We have evaluated self care for foot and self-management control. We measured anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP), levels of HbA1C, lipids and fasting blood glucose (FBG) at the baseline, in 3 and up to 6 months in educated and noneducated groups. Statistical analyses was performed using SPSS 16 software. The study involved mean age 20-69 years and male 43.1 %, female 56.9 % patients with T2DM who have been controlled by endocrinologists’ in hospitals s of Ulaanbaatar. Also we studied patients newly diagnosed T2DM mean age was 49.4±8.9 male 65(43.6%), female 85(56,7%) and 39.3% of the participants had a family history of diabetes.In last week self reported servey was in male 3.7 % every day foot care, 93.8 % of male without self care in foot, in female 48.5 % every day foot care (p0.05) in newly diagnosed T2DM. Participant’s bad glycemic control for diabetic foot risk factors are FBG, HbA1c,LDL were significantly higher than normal of health adults (p0.05). However, total cholesterol, HDL were normal level. From above results, the TG was statistically different between gender (p<0.05) Poor control in foot care by selt management in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. Therefore poor glycemic and metabolic control in patients newly diagnosed T2DM.
ABSTRACT
DM is the long term chronic disease that leads to late stage vascular complications and pathogeneses of chronic complication started 5-10 years ago when the diagnosed diabetes. T2DM can remain asymptomatic for many years, majority associated complications or several chronic diseases. Main risk for people with diabetes, that hyperglycemia in microvascular complications and alteration of dyslipidemia makes macro vascular complications such as foot amputation, disability, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, blindness and stroke. Our study aimed to evaluate foot care patients of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and determained risk factors for foot complication in newly diagnosed T2DM. The survey was conducted in Ulaanbaatar. For the study we 188 and 150 patients newly diagnosed T2DM, who have met the inclusion criteria and agreed with informed consent. We have evaluated self care for foot and self-management control. We measured anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP), levels of HbA1C, lipids and fasting blood glucose (FBG) at the baseline, in 3 and up to 6 months in educated and noneducated groups. Statistical analyses was performed using SPSS 16 software. The study involved mean age 20-69 years and male 43.1 %, female 56.9 % patients with T2DM who have been controlled by endocrinologists’ in hospitals s of Ulaanbaatar. Also we studied patients newly diagnosed T2DM mean age was 49.4±8.9 male 65(43.6%), female 85(56,7%) and 39.3% of the participants had a family history of diabetes.In last week self reported servey was in male 3.7 % every day foot care, 93.8 % of male without self care in foot, in female 48.5 % every day foot care (p0.05) in newly diagnosed T2DM. Participant’s bad glycemic control for diabetic foot risk factors are FBG, HbA1c,LDL were significantly higher than normal of health adults (p0.05). However, total cholesterol, HDL were normal level. From above results, the TG was statistically different between gender (p<0.05) Poor control in foot care by selt management in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. Therefore poor glycemic and metabolic control in patients newly diagnosed T2DM.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a highly endemic in Mongolia. Consequently, complications of HBV including livercirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma, are crucial public health problems in the country. Since 1991, hepatitisB vaccination has been an integrated part of Mongolia’s Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI). Since the HBVvaccination program has been implemented in Mongolia, there are few studies of HBV prevalence among children, itis essential to assess the effectiveness of HBV vaccination through the prevalence of hepatitis B virus carriage (i.e.,HBsAg) among children in Ulaanbaatar.GoalTo assess prevalence of HBV carriage and vaccination coverage among 4-6 year-old children in UlaanbaatarMATERIAL AND METHODS:∎ A representative, population based cross-sectional study was implemented in Ulaanbaatar.∎ A retrospective descriptive study design was used to estimate the HB vaccination coverage among 4-6 year-oldchildren in Ulaanbaatar.∎ A total of 2200 children, ages 4 to 6 years, were sampled using a stratified conducted, with stratified, multistage,random cluster design from 40 sub districts of 5 districts in Ulaanbaatar.∎ The children, aged 4 to 6 years, (n=1988) were tested for serological marker of HBV HBsAg.∎ All data (dose, species, and date) of the HepB vaccination were collected from the immunization record of thechildren.∎ Closed and open ended questionnaires were asked by parents to assess some social and demographicfactors.RESULT:Of the 2200 children sampled 183 children were not present at their home address and 29 children refused to participatein the study. Thus, 1988 children participated from Ulaanbaatar city (353 of from Khan-Uul district, 440 from Bayanzurkhdistrict, 400 from Bayangol district, 344 from Sukhbaatar district, 451 from Songinokhairhan district) (Response proportion90.3 percent). The mean age of children was 4.97±0.8 years with a range of 4-6 years; 1023(51%) were boys. Rapidtest results are available for all 1988 children; 0.3 percent (n=6) of whom were HBsAg carriers. HBsAg prevalence of4,5 and 6 year-old children were 0.15 percent, 0.43 percent and 0.32 percent, respectively. No association betweengender and HBsAg was identified. The administration of HB vaccine birth dose, HepB2 and HepB3 were 98.2 percent,94 percent, and 91 percent, respectively. Among children with immunization cards, 1089 (81.5 percent) children werecompletely vaccinated, 237 (17.7 percent) incompletely vaccinated and 11(0.8 percent) not vaccinated with hepatitisB vaccine. Prevalence of HBsAg carriage among children with immunization record was 0.18 percent and withoutimmunization records was 0.46 percent.CONCLUSION:Prevalence (0.31 percent) of HBV carriage among the young generation meaningfully declined compared with those ofprevious studies in Ulaanbaatar as a result of Expanded Program of Immunization. There was no significant associationbetween age or sex and HBsAg carriers.