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Background:In wide range, urinary tract infection (UTI) is a substantial and second most popular bacterial infection affecting individuals of overall ages worldwide. The chronicity of divergent bacterial isolates and their propensity to various antibiotics may contradict widely, peculiarly in hospitalized patients, this makes the survey of vulnerability pattern extremely mandatory for correct selection of antibiotics. Objective: To appraise antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the Gram negative organisms identified from urine cultures of hospitalized patients. Methodology:Total 500 urine samples from hospitalized patients with significant bacteriuria were surveyed. Using Blood and MacConckey agar, samples were inoculated. Further identification and investigation of organisms was done by standard Microbiological methods. Antimicrobial Susceptibility pattern was interpreted by Modified Kirby- Bauer's disc diffusion method with the group of 15 drugs as per Clinical Laboratories Standard Institute (CLSI) protocols.Results:UTIs were frequent in females 290 (58%). Familiar organism found was Escherichia coli 260 (52%) further accompanied by Klebsiellaspp.120 (24%), Pseudomonas spp.40 (8%), Proteus spp. 38 (7.6%), Citrobacter spp.25(5%) and Acinetobacterspp. 17 (3.4%). Mass of the strains were found sensitive to nitrofurantoin followed by amikacin, piperacillin-tazobactamand cotrimoxazole. Commonly prescribed fluroquinolones were found least effective for treatment of UTI. All the strains were found sensitive to imipenem. Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) was noted in E.coli and in Klebsiella spp.Conclusion:To break the continuity of non selective use of antibiotics and to intercept further development of bacterial drug resistance, proper knowledge of susceptibility pattern of uropathogens in particular area is very important before prescribing any empirical antibiotic therapy
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Healing of wound is a normal biological process that occurs naturally as long as it is not obstructed byinfection. Many monoherbal and polyherbal formulations have been reported to hasten/acceleratewound healing activity in freshly prepared incisional and excisional experimental wound models. In thepresent review, an attempt has been made to throw light on importance of microbial infection in theprocess of wound healing and antimicrobial activity of herbal formulations. Different herbal formulationshave been reported to hasten/accelerate the process of wound healing by enhancing epitheliazation,neovascularization, formation of granulation tissue, collagen synthesis, wound contraction, tensilestrength, etc. As these studies have been conducted in freshly prepared non-infected wounds, it isdifficult to ascertain the wound healing potential of these formulations in absence of microbial colonization/infection and results are not justifiable because the healing is limited to non-infected wounds. Itwould be more appropriate to ascertain the wound healing potential and not hastening/accelerating thewound healing property of newer herbal formulations on wound healing in experimental animals inpresence of colonization/infection. Hence, it is recommended to strengthen these study protocols furtherusing suitable controls to find out the antimicrobial activities of herbal formulations and their effect onwounds colonized/infected with pathogenic microbes in significant numbers to achieve moremeaningful and concrete conclusions.© 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Institute of Transdisciplinary Health Sciencesand Technology and World Ayurveda Foundation. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-NDlicense (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
ABSTRACT
Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a very rare inflammatory disease leading to extensive fibrosis throughout the retroperitoneum. The majority of cases are idiopathic in which the exact cause is not known. The clinical presentation in retroperitoneal fibrosis is vague and nonspecific, and therefore the diagnosis relies mainly on radiological findings. Here we describe a rare case of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis resulting in Grade 3 varicocele formation. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case report of its kind.
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Objectives To evaluate the role of periodontitis in viridans group streptococci (VGS) bacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE). Methods A total of 200 subjects including two groups. Group A- 34 subjects undergoing tooth extraction with periodontitis, 46 subjects undergoing tooth extraction without periodontitis and 40 healthy controls. Group B: 40 confirmed cases of IE (17 with and 23 without periodontitis) and 40 healthy controls. Subgingival plaque and blood samples were obtained and processed by standard procedures. Results A total of 53 blood samples (66.25%) yielded positive cultures after tooth extraction. The relationship between the presence of periodontitis and a positive blood culture was significantly higher (p = 0.05) for tooth extraction cases with periodontitis (79.40%) than tooth extraction cases without periodontitis (56.50%). Periodontitis was observed in 42.5% of IE cases. Out of the 40 patients of IE, the blood samples yielded 40 different isolates, majority were viridans streptococci 15 (37.5%) and staphylococci nine (22.5%). No statistically significant difference was observed between the subgingival plaque and blood isolates of periodontitis in both the groups, indicating similarity of biotypes of viridans streptococci isolated from the blood and the subgingival plaque. Similarity was also observed between the antibiogram profiles of viridans streptococci from both the groups. Conclusions Periodontitis enhances viridans streptococcal bacteremia and may be a potential risk factor for IE.