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1.
Rev. imagem ; 29(3): 111-114, jul.-set. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-542038

ABSTRACT

O tumor de células gigantes é uma neoplasia rara e representa 5% dos tumores ósseos primários. Acomete com maior freqüência joelho e punho, sendo raro em pequenos ossos do pé. Os autores apresentam um paciente do sexo masculino, 32 anos de idade, há quatro meses com dor no pé direito. A radiografia simples demonstrou lesão osteolítica e insuflante acometendo o primeiro metatarso do pé direito. A tomografia computadorizada revelou lesão radiolucente com bordas bem definidas. Foi realizada biópsia da lesão, cujo estudo histológico definiu o diagnóstico de tumor de células gigantes. Os autores enfatizam a correlação entre os achados de imagem e a histologia.


Giant cell tumor of bone is a rare neoplasm and account for 5% of all primary bone tumors. It is common in the knee and wrist, but rare in the small bones of the foot. The authors report a 32-yearold male patient presented with a four-month history of right foot pain. Plain radiographs showed an expansive lytic lesion involving the first right metatarsal bone. Computed tomography scan demonstrated a radiolucent lesion with well-defined borders. Biopsy was performed and the histological diagnostic was giant cell tumor. The authors emphasize the correlation between the imaging and histological findings.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Metatarsus/surgery , Metatarsus/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Giant Cell Tumor of Bone/surgery , Giant Cell Tumor of Bone/diagnosis
2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(2A): 268-272, jun. 2007. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-453924

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVE: To describe the CT scan findings of 21 thrombocytopenic patients with central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhage. METHOD: Retrospective study of the computed tomography (CT) of 21 platelet-depleted patients with CNS hemorrhage. One patient presented two episodes of hemorrhagic episode with different intervals. The clinical data were obtained by the review of the medical records. Two radiologists analyzed the films and reached the decisions by consensus. The following findings were studied: type of bleeding, number of lesions, topography, laterality, size and associated findings. RESULTS: Intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) was the most common findings, found in 20 cases, being six of them associated with subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhages. The size of the lesions varied between 1.8 and 10.5 cm. The parietal lobes were more commonly affected (n=11, 50 percent), followed by the temporal (n=7, 31.8 percent), frontal (n=7, 31.8 percent) and occipital (n=2, 9.09 percent) lobes. In 15 cases (68.2 percent) there was a single area of hemorrhage and in the remaining cases there were multiple hemorrhages. Associated findings were found in 20 cases. The most prevalent were edema (n=17, 77.3 percent), hydrocephalus (10, 45.4 percent) and midline shift (n=9, 41 percent). CONCLUSION: The most frequent CT scan findings in thrombocytopenic patients with CNS hemorrhage are single IPH, located mostly in the parietal, temporal and frontal lobes, with varied sizes and associated with edema, hydrocephalus and midline shift.


OBJETIVO: Descrever os achados tomográficos de 21 pacientes trombocitopênicos com hemorragia no sistema nervoso central (SNC). MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo das tomografias computadorizadas (TC) de 21 pacientes trombocitopênicos que apresentaram hemorragia no SNC. Um dos pacientes apresentou 2 episódios hemorrágicos em épocas diferentes. Os dados clínicos foram obtidos por revisão de prontuários médicos. Dois radiologistas analisaram os exames e estabeleceram os achados por consenso. Os seguintes achados foram estudados: tipo de sangramento, número de lesões, topografia, lateralidade, tamanho e achados associados. RESULTADOS: A hemorragia intraparenquimatosa foi o achado mais comum, observada em 20 casos, sendo que em seis deles apresentavam hemorragia subaracnóidea e intraventricular associadas. O tamanho das lesões variou entre 1,8 e 10,5 cm (mediana= 4,5 cm). Os lobos parietais foram mais acometidos (n=11, 50 por cento), seguidos pelos temporais (n=7, 31,8 por cento), frontais (n=7, 31,8 por cento) e occipitais (n=2, 9,09 por cento). Em 15 casos (68,2 por cento) houve uma única área de hemorragia, e nos demais múltiplas áreas foram observadas. Em 20 casos foram encontrados achados associados, sendo mais comum edema (n=17, 77,3 por cento), hidrocefalia (n=10, 45,4 por cento) e desvio da linha média (n=9, 41 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: Os achados tomográficos mais freqüentes em pacientes trombocitopênicos com hemorragia cerebral são lesões intraparenquimatosas únicas acometendo principalmente os lobos parietais, temporais e frontais, com tamanhos variados e associadas a edema, hidrocefalia e desvio da linha média.


Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cerebral Hemorrhage , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Thrombocytopenia , Age Distribution , Cerebral Hemorrhage/pathology , Frontal Lobe/pathology , Frontal Lobe , Intracranial Hemorrhages/pathology , Intracranial Hemorrhages , Parietal Lobe/pathology , Parietal Lobe , Retrospective Studies , Sex Distribution , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage , Temporal Lobe/pathology , Temporal Lobe , Thrombocytopenia/pathology
3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(2A): 283-285, jun. 2007. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-453927

ABSTRACT

A 17-year-old boy presented with somnolence and mental confusion. Physical examination demonstrated motor disturbances. Laboratorial investigation showed elevated levels of alpha-fetoprotein in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. The CT scan revealed a heterogeneous mass at the pineal region. At the MRI, this lesion was hypointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2-weighted images, enhancing after contrast administration. The patient underwent a surgical biopsy, which defined the diagnosis of yolk sac tumor. We emphasize the correlation of neuroimaging and pathological findings of this rare pineal region tumor.


Um menino de 17 anos de idade apresentou-se com sonolência e confusão mental. O exame físico demonstrou distúrbios motores. A investigação laboratorial revelou aumento dos níveis de alfafetoproteína no soro e no líquor. A TC de crânio revelou massa heterogênea na região pineal. A RM, a lesão era hipointensa em T1 e hiperintensa em T2, com realce após a administração de contraste. O paciente foi submetido a biópsia cirúrgica, a qual definiu o diagnóstico de tumor do seio endodérmico. Enfatizamos a correlação entre os achados patológicos e de neuroimagem deste raro tumor da região pineal.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Endodermal Sinus Tumor/pathology , Pineal Gland/pathology , Biopsy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
4.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 11(1): 110-113, Feb. 2007. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-454690

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to present the clinical and high-resolution CT scan findings of angioinvasive pulmonary aspergillosis (APA) in 12 patients who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The CT scans were reviewed by three chest radiologists who assessed the pattern and distribution of findings by consent. There were 7 (58 percent) female and 5 (42 percent) male patients, with aging between 5 and 50 years (average of 26 years). All patients were submitted to BMT for the treatment of hematological conditions. The diagnosis of APA was defined between 5 and 373 days after BMT, with average of 111 days. Three cases (25 percent) were diagnosed in the neutropenic phase after the BMT, five (42 percent) in the early phase and four patients in the late phase post-BMT. Regarding high-resolution CT (HRCT) scan findings, nodules were found in 75 percent of the cases (9/12), most of the cases with more than 10 lesions (7/9) and of centrilobular localization (6/9). Consolidations were identified in seven patients (58 percent), being single in six, and commonly presenting ill defined borders (n=3) and subsegmental localization (n=5). Ground glass attenuation was found in six patients (50 percent). The halo sign was observed in nine cases (75 percent). Cavitations were seen in two air-space consolidations and one large nodule (2.5 cm). Patients submitted to BMT presenting respiratory symptoms and nodules or consolidations with halo sign at HRCT scan need to have the diagnosis of angioinvasive pulmonary aspergillosis included in all the post BMT phases.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aspergillosis , Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects , Lung Diseases, Fungal , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Lung Diseases, Fungal/microbiology , Transplantation, Homologous
5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 64(4): 1033-1035, dez. 2006. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-439767

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of childhood cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ADL), emphasizing the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings at initial evaluation and at the follow-up. CASE REPORT: Five year-old boy, who was asymptomatic, presented with diagnosis of X-ADL for MRI evaluation. The initial brain MRI showed a focal area of enhancement at the splenium of the corpus calosum. One year later, the follow-up MRI showed a progression of the corpus calosus lesion, as well as other lesions in the parietal and occipital lobes. CONCLUSION: The brain MRI follow-up of patients with X-ADL is important to show the progression of the lesions.


OBJETIVO: Relatar um caso de adrenoleucodistrofia ligada ao X (X-ADL), enfatizando os achados de ressonância magnética (RM) na avaliação inicial e no seguimento. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Paciente masculino de cinco anos de idade, assintomático, com diagnóstico de X-ADL, apresentou-se para estudo de RM. O exame inicial mostrou uma área focal de realce no esplênio do corpo caloso. Após um ano, a RM de seguimento evidenciou aumento da lesão do corpo caloso, assim como novas lesões nos lobos occipitais e parietais. CONCLUSÃO: O seguimento por RM de pacientes com X-ADL é importante para a demonstração da progressão das lesões.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Adrenoleukodystrophy/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Follow-Up Studies
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 64(4): 1036-1038, dez. 2006. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-439768

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To present the imaging findings of a patient with diffuse brain injury secondary to intoxication with oral hypoglycemics. CASE REPORT: A nine years-old boy presented with generalized tonic-clonic convulsions and decreased consciousness. Laboratory investigation demonstrated blood glucose level of 21 mg/dL. The magnetic resonance imaging showed cortical and subcortical temporo-parieto-occipital areas of high signal on T2 and low signal on T1, with high signal on the diffusion-weighted images and low signal on apparent diffusion coefficient maps. CONCLUSION: Cortical and subcortical temporal, parietal and occipital ischemic lesions may be seen in patients with intoxication by oral hypoglycemics.


OBJETIVO: Apresentar os achados de imagem em um caso de lesão cerebral difusa secundária a intoxicação por hipoglicemiante oral. RELATO DE CASO: Menino de nove anos de idade apresentando crises convulsivas tônico-clônicas e rebaixamento do nível de consciência. Exames laboratoriais revelaram glicose sérica de 21 mg/dL. O exame de ressonância magnética revelou lesões corticais e subcorticais têmporoparieto-occipitais, com alto sinal em T2 e baixo em T1, apresentando hipersinal nas imagens ponderadas em difusão e hipossinal nos mapas de coeficiente aparente de difusão. CONCLUSÃO: Lesões isquêmicas corticais e subcorticais nos lobos temporais, parietais e occipitais podem ser identificadas em pacientes com intoxicação por hipoglicemiantes orais.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Brain Injuries/chemically induced , Hypoglycemic Agents/poisoning , Brain Injuries/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
7.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 63(3A): 689-692, set. 2005. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-409059

ABSTRACT

O acometimento cerebral pela histoplasmose é raro, ocorrendo mais comumente sob a forma de doença disseminada. Raramente, a doença pode ocorrer sob a forma de histoplasmomas, que simulam tumores do sistema nervoso central. Mais raro ainda é a ocorrência de histoplasmomas em pacientes imunocompetentes como única manifestação desta infecção. Neste relato é apresentado um paciente masculino de 13 anos com cefaléia, vômitos, redução da acuidade visual e auditiva à esquerda e hemiparesia à direita. A ressonância magnética mostrou lesão expansiva com impregnação anelar de contraste, localizada na região talâmica, hipotalâmica e quiasmática à esquerda. Foi realizada biópsia estereotáxica e a avaliação histológica do material definiu o diagnóstico de histoplamose. Iniciou-se tratamento com fluconazol, com melhora clínica importante após 6 meses do início do tratamento.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/pathology , Histoplasma , Histoplasmosis/pathology , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Biopsy/methods , Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/drug therapy , Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/immunology , Fluconazole/therapeutic use , Histoplasmosis/drug therapy , Histoplasmosis/immunology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Stereotaxic Techniques
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