ABSTRACT
The KADS-6 is a self-report assessment instrument known for its ease application in assessing depression in young people. This study aimed to contribute to the validation of the Portuguese version of this tool and analyze its psychometric characteristics in comparison with other self-report instruments for depression in adolescents, in Portugal. Two samples were collected, a non-clinical group of in school youth (n=773; 52.4% male) and a clinical sample (n=134 youth; 44% male). Comparisons also used the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Results: The factor analysis revealed the unidimensionality of the measure. The KADS-6 demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) in both clinical (.74) and school (.80) samples. Its convergent validity with the BDI-II and CDI was r=.44; r=.61, respectively in the clinical sample and r=.60; r=.57 in the school sample. The KADS-6, a short and time efficient instrument, showed good psychometric characteristics in terms of internal consistency and convergent validity in comparison with the BDI-II and the CDI. Given its ease of use and scoring, the KADS-6 could be considered for use in both school and clinical settings when addressing adolescent depression. (AU)
A Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS-6) é uma medida de autorrelato, conhecida pela sua facilidade de aplicação na avaliação da depressão em jovens. Este estudo teve como objetivos contribuir para a validação da versão portuguesa desta ferramenta e analisar as suas características psicométricas em comparação com outros instrumentos de autorrelato para a avaliação da depressão em adolescentes, em Portugal. Foram recolhidas duas amostras, uma não clínica, formada por jovens em contexto escolar (n=773; 52,4% rapazes) e outra amostra clínica (n=134; 44% rapazes). Foram também utilizados o Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) e o Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). A análise fatorial revelou a unidimensionalidade da medida. A KADS-6 demonstrou boa consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach) nas amostras não clínica (.74) e clínica (.80). A validade convergente com a BDI-II e CDI foi, respetivamente, r = .44; r = .61 na amostra clínica e r = .60; r = .57 na amostra não clínica. Conclui-se que a KADS-6 mostrou boas características psicométricas em termos de consistência interna e validade convergente em comparação com o BDI-II e o CDI. Dada a sua facilidade de uso e interpretação, a KADS-6 pode ser considerada para uso em contexto escolar e em ambientes clínicos, para avaliar a depressão adolescente. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Depression/psychology , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and Questionnaires , Translations , Cross-Sectional Studies , PortugalABSTRACT
Introducción: La hemodiafiltración on line de alto volumen (HVHDF), ha demostrado mejorar los aclaramientos de medianas moléculas en los pacientes dializados a través de altos volúmenes de convección. El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar la eficacia de esta técnica en la depuración de la β2 microglobulina , comparando su concentración basal en pacientes hemodializados crónicos, con la del final del período analizado. Asimismo, se realizó al KDQOL-SF para valorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes participantes del estudio. Métodos: estudio de cohorte longitudinal de pacientes prevalentes en hemodiálisis de alto flujo - high flux- que pasaron a hemodiafiltración en línea de alto volumen. Se midió, entre otros, el clearance de β2 microglobulina y sus concentraciones a través del tiempo. Se utilizó paquete estadístico Stata 11. Resultados: El período de seguimiento total fue de 84 meses (promedio 23.4 ± 19 meses por paciente). Se realizaron 8978 tratamientos. Los niveles basales al ingreso a HVHDF de β2 fueron de 36,05 mg/l ± 10, y al final del período estudiado, fueron de 31,2 ±10 (p = 0,03). El clearance promedio de β2 fue de 71 ± 16 ml/min. Los niveles de β2 al inicio del estudio se asociaron con la antigûedad en diálisis de los pacientes (r 0,4 - p <0.02). Cinco años de permanencia en hemodiálisis convencional aumentan 11,2 mg/l los niveles de β2 micro globulina, y para obtener niveles por debajo de 30 mg/l en el 50% de nuestros pacientes, se requieren 5 años de High Volume HDF. Conclusión: Los valores de β2 microglobulina basal de los pacientes insuficientes renales crónicos en diálisis, tienen correlación con su antigûedad en hemodiálisis. Los niveles de β2 microglobulina séricas en estos pacientes, disminuyen lentamente y de forma progresiva con significación clínica, cuando la técnica indicada es la hemodiafiltración de alto volumen.
Background: On line high volume hemodiafiltration (HVHDF) has shown to improve the clearance of medium molecules in dialyzed patients through high volumes of convection. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of this technique in β2 microglobulin depuration, comparing its basal concentration, in chronic hemodialyzed patients, with the final concentration of the analyzed period. Further more, the KDQOL-SF was performed in order to evaluate the quality of life of the patients who participated in the study. Methods: Longitudinal cohort study of prevalent patients in highflux hemodialysis who were changed to on line high volume hemodiafiltration. Among other, β2 microglobulin clearance and its concentrations changes over time were measured as indicators of efficiency and adequacy of treatment. A statistical package Stata 11 was used. Results: Total follow up period was of 84 months (average 23,4 ± 19 months per patient). 8978 treatments were performed. Basal levels of β2 were; 36.05 mg/l ± 10, when admitted and 31.2 ± 10 (p=0.03), at the end of the study. Clearance mean of β2 was of 71 ± 16ml/min. The levels of β2 at the beginning of the study were associated with elapsed time from the first dialysis of the patients (r 0.4 - p< 0,02). Five years of conventional hemodialysis increase 11.2 mg/l the levels of β2 seric microglobulin and to obtain levels below 30 mg/l in 50% of our patients, 5 years of High Volume HDF is required. Conclusion: Values of β2 basal microglobulin in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis, are related to the time spent under hemodialysis treatment. In these patients, levels of seric β2 microglobulin, decrease slowly and progressively and reach clinical significance when the technique is high volume hemodiafiltration.