La mutación N15Y en la proteína E del coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo afecta la unión de doxiciclina y rutina / The N15Y mutation in the E protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 affects the binding of doxycycline and rutin

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 genetic variation must be closely monitored. Viral transmission can inevitably result from mutations in the viral genome and functional proteins that aid in the virus's adaptation to the host. This study aimed to look for mutations in the E protein and see how they affected the ligands' molecular docking. Mathematical saturation mutagenesis and other informatics techniques were used. Fourteen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 isolates from Iraq were selected. Doxycycline and rutin were chosen as ligands. In four strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the N15Y mutation was detected in the envelope protein. Depending on the calculation of the amount of energy of the atoms, this mutation is critical in modifying the shape of the protein as well as increasing protein stability. In the single-chain mutation, one pocket was determined, while all pentamer chains had two pockets. The N15Y mutation altered the degree of doxycycline binding by affecting the residue of attachment of the ligands. It also altered the position of the rutin's attachment to the E protein, which has a clear impact on the virion particle(AU)

La variación genética del coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo debe ser monitoreada de cerca. La transmisión viral puede resultar inevitablemente de mutaciones en el genoma viral y proteínas funcionales que ayudan en la adaptación del virus al hospedero. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo buscar mutaciones en la proteína E y ver cómo afectaban el acoplamiento molecular de los ligandos. Se utilizó la mutagénesis de saturación matemática y otras técnicas informáticas. Se seleccionaron 14 aislamientos del coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo en Irak. Se eligieron doxiciclina y rutina como ligandos. En cuatro cepas del coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo, se detectó la mutación N15Y en la proteína de la envoltura. Dependiendo del cálculo de la cantidad de energía de los átomos, esta mutación es fundamental para modificar la forma de la proteína y aumentar la estabilidad de la proteína. En la mutación de cadena única, se determinó un bolsillo, mientras que todas las cadenas de pentámero tenían dos bolsillos. La mutación N15Y alteró el grado de unión de doxiciclina al afectar el residuo de unión de los ligandos. También alteró la posición de unión de la rutina a la proteína E, lo que tiene un claro impacto en la partícula del virión(AU)

Adoption of Euvax-B vaccine in Nineveh

Hepatitis B infection is one of the most important health problems around the world. The high mortality rate of the hepatitis B encouraged research that led to the finding of an effective vaccine against it. The aim of the present study was to find out the use of the Euvax-B vaccine in sectors of Nineveh province. According to the results obtained in this study, in the next five years, the vaccination coverage for the second and third doses needs to improve(AU)

La infección por hepatitis B es uno de los más importantes problemas de salud del mundo. La alta tasa de mortalidad de la hepatitis B impulsó las investigaciones que llevaron a encontrar una vacuna eficaz contra la misma. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer el uso de la vacuna Euvax-B en sectores de la provincia de Nínive. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, en los próximos cinco años, se debe incrementar la cobertura de inmunización de la segunda y tercera dosis de la vacuna(AU)

In vitro antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of Paeonia emodi [Wall] rhizome methanol extract and its phenolic compounds rich fractions

The present study aimed to quantify the total phenolic content in Paeonia emodi rhizome methanol extract and its fractions and then evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of fractions rich in phenolic compounds. Maximum quantity of total phenolic content was observed in butanol [112.08 +/- 5.5 mg GAE/g dw] and chloroform fraction [107.0 +/- 3.5 mg GAE/g dw] followed by methanol extract [94.2 +/- 4.4 mg GAE/g dw], aqueous fraction [92.9 +/- 2.5 mg GAE/g dw], ethyl acetate [62.3 +/- 8.3 mg GAE/g dw] and n-hexane fraction [51.6 +/- 7.2 mg GAE/g dw]. The fractions rich in total phenolic content were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity based on 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] scavenging assay. The butanol and chloroform fraction showed significantly [P<0.05] higher radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 6.5 and 7.05 +/- 2.5 ppm respectively. Positive correlation [R square=0.95] was observed between total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity. The fractions rich in phenolic compounds were also evaluated for their hepatoprotective activity in paracetamol intoxicated mice. Five days oral administration of these fractions at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight restored the serum ALT, AST and ALP levels of paracetamol intoxicated mice to normal level. From the results of the present research it was concluded that the butanol and chloroform fractions of P. emodi rhizome methanol extract are rich in phenolic compounds and strong antioxidant and effective in attenuation of hepatotoxicity