ABSTRACT
Introdução: A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) é considerada um problema de Saúde Pública, passível de prevenção e diagnóstico na Atenção Básica. Diabetes Mellitus e Hipertensão Arterial (HAS) são as principais causas de DRC, o que implica a importância do seu manejo na Rede de Atenção à Saúde (RAS). Objetivo: Avaliar trajetórias assistenciais percorridas por pessoas com DRC na RAS sob a ótica de usuários e familiares. Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa, que utilizou entrevistas semiestruturadas com pessoas portadoras de DRC por DM e/ou HAS e seus familiares. Realizada Análise de Conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 11 usuários e 11 familiares, e identificadas três trajetórias assistenciais: Não procurou a UBS; Procurou a UBS, mas não recebeu o diagnóstico; recebeu diagnóstico na UBS e foi encaminhado para especialistas. Usuários e familiares não perceberam a Atenção Básica como lugar de cuidado para a DRC.
Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is considered a Public Health problem, susceptible to prevention and diagnosis in Primary Care. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Hypertension (HTN) are the main causes of CKD, which implies the importance of its management in the Health Care Network (HCN). Objective: To evaluate the assistance pathways adopted by people with CKD in HCN from the perspective of users and their families. Methodology: Qualitative research using semi-structured interviews aimed at people with CKD due to DM and/or HTN and their families. Content analysis was performed in thematic mode. Results: 11 users and 11 family members were interviewed, and three assistance pathways were identified: He/she did not seek Basic Health Units (BHU); He/she went to BHU but did not receive the diagnosis; He/she was diagnosed at BHU and then referred to specialists. Users and family members did not link Primary Care as a place of care for CKD, restricting it to Specialized Care.
Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , HypertensionABSTRACT
Introduction: HIV-seropositive patients have shown changes in body composition such as lipoatrophy in certain regions of the body and lipohypertrophy in others, representing characteristics of lipodystrophy syndrome. It is important to monitor the quantity of fat per body segment using practical and low-cost methods in order to optimize the treatment of this group. Objectives: To correlate the body composition per body segment obtained by anthropometric measurements and by segmental bioelectrical impedance with DXA in HIV-seropositive patients on antiretroviral treatment Methods: We measured circumferences (arm, waist, hip, thigh and calf) and skinfolds (biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac) and performed segmental bioelectrical impedance (BIA) analysis and DXA. The Pearson test was used to determine correlations and the St. Laurent test was used to assess concordance between variables. Results: We evaluated 26 patients, 35% of whom were overweight. The triceps skinfold (TSF), waist circumference (WC) and thigh circumference (TC) were significantly correlated with the measurement obtained by the gold standard (p<0.01). There was no concordance between the values obtained by segmental BIA and by DXA. Conclusions: Anthropometric measurements such as TSF, WC and TC are importantfor the monitoring of changes in body composition among HIV-seropositive patients on antiretroviral treatment. Segmental BIA did not prove to be appropriate for the assessment of body composition in HIV-seropositive patients.
Introducción: Se ha descrito cambios en la composición corporal de pacientes infectados por VIH, tales como la lipoatrofia en ciertas regiones del cuerpo y lipohipertrofia en otros, en representación de las características del síndrome de lipodistrofia. Es importante controlar la cantidad de grasa corporal por segmento utilizando métodos prácticos y de bajo costo con el fin de optimizar el tratamiento de este grupo. Objetivos: correlacionar la composición corporal por segmento corporal obtenidos por las mediciones antropométricas y por impedancia bioeléctrica com DXA segmentaria en pacientes seropositivos al VIH en tratamiento antir-retroviral. Métodos: Se midieron las circunferencias de brazo, cintura, cadera, muslo y pantorrilla y los pliegues cutáneos: bíceps, tríceps, subescapular, suprailíaco) y se realizaron impedancia bioeléctrica segmentaria (BIA) el análisis y DXA. La prueba de Pearson se utilizó para determinar las correlaciones y la prueba de San Lorenzo se utilizó para evaluar la concordancia entre las variables. Resultados: Se evaluaron 26 pacientes, 35% de los cuales tenían sobrepeso. El pliegue del tríceps (PT), circunferencia de la cintura (CC) y la circunferencia del muslo (CM) se correlacionaron significativamente con la medida obtenida por el patrón de oro (p <0.01). No hubo concordancia entre los valores obtenidos por BIA y DXA segmentaria. Conclusiones: Las mediciones antropométricas como PT, CC y CM son importantes para el seguimiento de los cambios en la composición corporal de los pacientes infectados por VIH que reciben tratamiento antirretroviral. La BIA segmental no demostró ser adecuado para la evaluación de la composición corporal en pacientes infectados por VIH.
Subject(s)
Humans , Patients , Body Composition , Body Weights and Measures , HIV , Electric Impedance , LipodystrophyABSTRACT
Se estudiaron 70 pacientes con edades comprendidas entre 2 y 12 años, provenientes del Hospital Universitario "Antonio Patricio de Alcalá" de Cumaná, Estado Sucre, con la finalidad de determinar la asociación entre asma y rinitis alérgica. El grupo estuvo compuesto por 50 niños alérgicos y 20 niños sanos de ambos sexos. A cada uno se le aplicó un cuestionario para identificar los síntomas que experimentaban con mayor frecuencia y se les realizó exámenes de laboratorio para la determinación de IgE total, cuantificación de eosinófilos absolutos en sangre y en moco nasal. El 72,0 por ciento de los niños alérgicos presentaron síntomas de rinitis alérgica y de asma simultáneamente, el 16,0 por ciento sólo presentó asma y el 12,0 por ciento rinitis alérgica. Se hallaron diferencias estadísticas altamente significativas (P<0,001); entre las variables IgE, contaje de eosinófilos en moco y eosinófilos absolutos del grupo alérgico con respecto a los controles. Se observó una correlación estadística altamente significativa (P<0,001) entre el contaje de eosinófilos en moco y sangre y la concentración sérica de IgE. Los resultados obtenidos respaldan la hipótesis de que el asma y la rinitis alérgica están asociadas y son manifestaciones de una misma entidad patológica
It were studied 70 patients between 2 and 12 years old, coming from Universitary Hospital "Antonio Patricio de Alcalá", from Cumaná, Sucre State, with the objective to determine the association between asthma and allergic rhinitis. The sample was composed of 50 allergic and 20 healthy children, of both sexes. To each one was applied a questionnaire to identify the most frequent symptoms and was realized laboratory tests to determine total IgE and absolute quantification of blood and nasal snot eosinophiles. 72 percent of allergic children had both allergic rhinitis and asthma symptoms. 16 percent presented only asthma and 12 percent only allergic rhinitis. There were significant statistical differences (P<0.001) between the following variables: total IgE, counting of nasal snot and blood eosinophiles in the allergic sample with respect to the control sample. It was observed a highly significant statistical correlation (P<0.001) between counting of nasal snot and blood eosinophiles and serum levels of IgE. The results obtained reinforce the hypothesis that asthma and allergic rhinitis are associated and both are the manifestation from a similar pathological entity
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Asthma/diagnosis , Immunoglobulin E/therapeutic use , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/diagnosis , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
Desde los orígenes de la sociedad a través de ellas, el carácter de la información ha ido cambiando significativamente. En la actualidad es indiscutible que la información desempeña un papel primordial. En la sociedad primitiva la información se intercambia entre sus componentes para lograr sobrevivir en un ambiente hostil, muy lejano de poder disfrutarse en la actualidad. Los conocimientos que progresivamente se ha hecho entorno a la comunicación y a sus medios han sido significativos, en el desarrollo y en la evolución de la cultura el hombre en el mundo
Subject(s)
Computer Communication Networks , Radio , Spacecraft , Telecommunications , TelephoneABSTRACT
SUMMARYThe authors present a study of anatomical characters for 24 species of Virola (Myristicaceae) from Amazonia. The following information is provided for each species: general characteristics of the wood, microscopic description, geogrphical distribution, habitat, and common uses. Four type of synoptic tables are provided: 1) ocurrence of representative anatomical elements in the wood, 2) related and synoymous species, 3) geographical distribution of Brazilian species studied and, 4) distribution acoording to ocurrence in differen vegetation types of Brazil. An atlas with 48 microphotographs of wood anatomical sections in included.
RESUMONo presente trabalho, autores apresentam o estudo dos caracteres anatômicos de 24 espécies do gênero Virola (Myristicaceae) da Amazônia. Para cada espécies, são apresentadas as seguintes informações: características gerais da madeira, descrição microscópica, distribuição geográfica, habitat, usos comuns, além de quatro quadros sinóticos, o primeiro em ocorrência dos elementos anatômicos representativo do lenho, o segundo de espécies afins ou sinônimos, o terceiro de distribuição geográfica das espécies estudadas que ocorrem no Brasil, o último da distribuição até agora conhecida das espécies pesquisadas pelos diferentes tipos de vegetação do Brasil e um atlas contendo 48 microfotografias da estrutura do lenho.