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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Arterial stiffness increases with age and is also associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Little is known about the relations of homocysteine and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) to arterial stiffness in the Chinese community. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of plasma homocysteine and hs-CRP levels with arterial stiffness in a community-based cohort.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We related levels of homocysteine and hs-CRP to four measures of arterial stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), carotid-radial PWV, carotid-ankle PWV and heart rate corrected augmentation index) in 1680 participants from two communities of Beijing, China. Arterial stiffness was measured within two days of the time of biomarker measurement.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In univariate analysis, homocysteine was positively associated with the carotid-femoral PWV (r = 0.211, P < 0.0001), carotid-radial PWV (r = 0.120, P < 0.0001) and carotid-ankle PWV (r = 0.148, P < 0.0001), whereas it was inversely related to the augmentation index (r = -0.052, P = 0.016). Hs-CRP was positively associated with the carotid-femoral PWV (r = 0.074, P = 0.001) and carotid-ankle PWV (r = 0.050, P = 0.02). In multiple-adjusted models (R(2) = 0.57), homocysteine levels remained a significant determinant of the carotid-femoral PWV (standardized β = 0.065, P = 0.007), whereas the association of hs-CRP with measurements of arterial stiffness was not present.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In the Chinese population, plasma homocysteine levels are associated with alterations of aortic stiffness, whereas plasma levels of hs-CRP are not independently related to artery stiffening.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Asian People , C-Reactive Protein , Metabolism , China , Epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Homocysteine , Blood , Vascular Stiffness , PhysiologyABSTRACT
Objective To compare the efficacy of 18F-FDG PET/CT, 99Tcm-MDP bone scintigraphy (BS), and combination of the two techniques (PET/CT + BS) for detecting bone metastasis by ROC curve analysis. Methods All 296 patients with various cancers, who underwent both 99Tcm-MDP BS and 18F-FDG PET/CT within two months, were retrospectively analyzed. These images were interpreted according to 5-point scale (0: definitely negative, 1: probably negative, 2: equivocal, 3: probably positive, 4:definitely positive for bone metastasis), and the scale of PET/CT + BS was the sum of PET/CT and BS. In light of the confirmed diagnosis derived from pathology or follow-up, ROC curve analysis was performed.The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was compared by z-test. Results Of 296 cases, 61 (20.6%) were confirmed as bone metastases and 235 (79.4%) were negative. The AUC were 0. 919 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) :0. 867 - 0. 971) for BS, 0. 949 (95% CI: 0. 906 - 0. 991) for PET/CT, and 0. 994 (95% CI: 0.988-0.999) for PET/CT + BS, rctrospectively. The AUC of PET/CT + BS was statistically significantly larger than that of BS (z=2. 866, P=0.004) or PET/CT (z =2.027, P=0.043), while the AUC of PET/CT was larger than that of BS, but no statistically significance (z = 0. 881, P = 0. 378) was showed. The optimal sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value(NPV) were 90. 2% (55/61), 85. 1% (200/235), 86. 1% (255/296), 61. 1% (55/90), 97. 1%(200/206) for BS, 88.5% (54/61), 97.0% (228/235), 95.3% (282/296), 88.5% (54/61), 97.0% for PET/CT, and 98.4% (60/61), 95.7% (225/235), 96.3% (285/296), 85.7% (60/70) for PET/CT + BS,respectively. The specificity (χ2 = 19.862, P<0. 001), accuracy (χ2 = 23. 361, P<0.001) and PPV (χ2 =11. 791, P =0.001) of PET/CT + BS were significantly higher than those of BS, the sensitivity of PET/CT +BS was significantly higher than that of PET/CT (χ2 =4.167, P=0.031). Compared with BS, PET/CT had a higher specificity (χ2 = 19.600, P<0. 001), accuracy (χ2 = 13. 755, P <0. 001), PPV (χ2 = 13. 608, P <0. 001), but their sensitivity showed no statistically significant difference (χ2 = 0, P = 1. 000). Conclusions The efficacy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for detecting malignant bone metastasis was superior to that of 99Tcm-MDP BS alone. The detection ability can be obviously improved by combination of the two techniques.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the differences in pressure wave reflections and central blood pressure between brachial BP classification and the effect of antihypertensive drugs.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>In 1371 chronically treated hypertensive subjects aged 33 - 87 years [679 males and 692 females, mean age (47.2 ± 11.5) years], radial arterial augmentation index (rAI) and central systolic blood pressure were measured using an automated tonometric method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>rAI gradually increased from the subgroup with the lower blood pressure to the higher blood pressure (P < 0.01), for each given brachial value, central systolic blood pressure was lower than the corresponding brachial pressure (P < 0.01). In multivariable linear regression models analysis revealed that the application of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (β = -0.09, P < 0.05), AT1 receptor blockade (β = -0.07, P = 0.01), calcium channel blocker (β = -0.12, P < 0.01) and diuretic (β = 0.14, P = 0.04) were independent determinants of rAI. Central SBP significantly correlated to the application of ACEI (β = -0.07, P = 0.02), ARB (β = -0.08, P = 0.01) and CCB (β = -0.15, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In chronically treated hypertensive individuals, tight blood pressure control would be effective in reducing the reflection wave and central BP. Antihypertensive treatment strategies with more beneficial effects on arterial properties are needed.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antihypertensive Agents , Therapeutic Uses , Blood Pressure , Blood Pressure Determination , Elasticity , Hypertension , Drug Therapy , Radial ArteryABSTRACT
Objective To determine the effect of histotype and histodifferentiation on the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_(max)) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ~(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT imaging.Methods Two hundred and sixty patients with NSCLc underwent ~(18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging.They were classified according to (1) histotype:as adenocarcinoma (AC),squamous cell carcinoma(SQC),adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) and other type carcinoma (OTC),and (2) histodifferentiation:as grade Ⅰ (well-differentiated),grade Ⅱ (moderate-differentiated) and grade Ⅲ (poor-differentiated).The SUV_(max) and size(long diameter)of the primary lesions were measured.Multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the SUV_(max) and variable factors including histotype,histodifferentiation,lesion size,age,sex,body height,body weight,body mass index (BMI),blood glucose level,dose,and rate of dose.Results Two hundred and sixty patients had 260 primary NSCLC tumors.There were 161 AC(15 grade Ⅰ,88 grade Ⅱ,58 grade Ⅲ),74 SQC(6 grade Ⅰ,39 grade Ⅱ,29 grade Ⅲ),15 ASC(7 grade Ⅱ,8 gradeⅢ)and OTC(8 large cell,2 carcinosarcoma).Only lesion size (F=87.046.P＜0.001),histodifferentiation (F=87.604,P＜0.001) and histotype (F=66.663,P＜0.001) were included for multivariate regression analysis with SUV_(max).After adjustment for lesion size,the SUV_(max)(mean and 95%confidence interval) in ascending order was AC Ⅰ:3.3(2.1-4.5),ACⅡ:6.0(5.5-6.6),SQCⅠ:6.1(4.2-8,0),ASC Ⅱ:6.6(4.8-8.4),SQCⅡ.7.8(7.0-8.6),OTC:8.1(6.6-9.6),AC Ⅲ:8.3(7.6-8.9),ASC Ⅲ:8.7(7.0-10.4),and SQC Ⅲ:8.9(8.0-9.8).11he SUV_(max) of AC Ⅰ was significantly lower than that of SQC Ⅰ(q=-2.786,P=0.017),same for AC Ⅱ and SQC Ⅱ(q=-1.776,P＜0.001),but no statistically significant differences were found among AC Ⅲ,ASC Ⅲ and SQC Ⅲ(q=-0.593,-0.422,0.171,P=0.288,0.642,0.860,respectively).For the same histotype lesions,the difference of SUV_(max) among AC Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ was statistically significant(q=-2.720,-4.943,-2.223,all P＜0.001),as also for SQC Ⅰ and Ⅲ(q=-2.751,P=0.012).Conclusion Histotype and histodifferentiation are significant correlative factors for ~(18)F-FDG uptake of NSCLC,with histodifferentiation being the factor with greater impact.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the associations and related factors between pulse wave velocity (PWV) and arterial system and augmentation index (AI) measured on different sites in a healthy population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All subjects were selected from a local community investigation study which included 5116 people living in Haidian District or Daxing District, Beijing, China. A total of 729 healthy subjects [age 17 - 85 years, mean (39.2 ± 12.2) years, 413 men] were included in this study. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV), carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (CR-PWV) and carotid-ankle pulse wave velocity (CA-PWV) were measured using Complior. Pulse wave analysis at the right radial artery was measured and AI was calculated using SphygmoCor device.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CF-PWV correlated significantly with CR-PWV or CA-PWV (all P < 0.01) by both Pearson and Partial Correlation analysis adjusted by age, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic pressure and heart rate. There was no significant correlation between AI and CR-PWV (r = -0.072, P = 0.053) and between AI and CR-PWV (r = 0.024, P = 0.528), AI and CA-PWV (r = 0.068, P = 0.070) while AI was significantly correlated with CF-PWV (r = 0.110, P = 0.003). Multiple stepwise regression analyses showed that age, systolic blood pressure and heart rate were positively while female gender was negatively correlated with CF-PWV. CR-PWV was positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure and negatively correlated with pulse pressure and female gender (R(2) = 0.155). CA-PWV was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure and age while negatively correlated with pulse pressure and female gender. Multiple stepwise regression analysis also demonstrated that AI was positively correlated with age, diastolic blood pressure, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and female gender, and negatively correlated with heart rate, height and serum creatinine level(R(2) = 0.536).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CA-PWV, covering carotid-femoral arterial segment, could partially represent CF-PWV as an indicator of large arterial stiffness. CR-PWV mainly reflects peripheral muscular arterial stiffness and is not suitable to be used interchangeably with CF-PWV or CA-PWV. Component of blood pressure (systolic, diastolic or pulse pressure) may have different influences on CF-PWV, CA-PWV or CR-PWV. AI is affected by multiple factors and poorly correlated with PWV and is not a good indicator for arterial stiffness.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Arteries , Physiology , Blood Flow Velocity , China , Elasticity , Heart Rate , Physiology , Pulsatile Flow , Pulse , Vascular ResistanceABSTRACT
Objective The augmentation index (AI) derived from central arteries is generally defined as an index of augmentation of central blood pressure in systole derived from the return of pressure waves reflected from the periphery and is an index of arterial stiffness. There is controversy with respect to how to affect AI. Methods In a cross-sectional study of 4985 subjects (2417 men and 2568 women) aged 18-96 years (50.94± 14.73 years,mean±SD) ,AI was measured in the left radial artery using tonometry Colin HEM-9000AI. Results Among the subjects, 39.4% were diagnosed as hypertensive, 11.2% as diabetes mellitus, and 48.7% as hyperlipidemia. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age, diastolic blood pressure, smoking, heart rate, height, waist circumference and fasting blood glucose were independent determinants of radial AI in women; while in men, it was also determined by total cholesterol. Radial AI was significantly higher in women than in men [(83.18± 12.36)% vs. (71.93±15.22)%, P<0.01]. Conclusion Our findings indicate that AI is determined by arterial stiffness, distance to the reflection point and reflection coefficient. It is necessary to take into account these confounding factors when assessing AI is used as an index for atherosclerosis.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the genetic diversity and genetic relationship in different species and populations of Curcuma by ISSR-PCR marker technique.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Eighty populations and 37 samples of Curcuma including C. phaeocaulis, C. kwangsiensis and C. wenyujin were studied by ISSR-PCR markers. The systematic diagram of Similar coefficient and genetic distance were set up by POPGEN32 software and clustered by UPGMA method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A total of 65 loci were scored by 5 primers, among which 34 were polymorphic loci. The percentage of polymorphic loci was 52.3%. Genetic similarity coefficient changed from 0.6864 to 0.9997. Nei's gene diversity index (H), and Shannon information index (I) were 0.1521 and 0.2338. The inner genetic diversity of Curcuma species was lower than the outer.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The genetic variation of different populations Curcuma was big. The inherited differentiation of inner populations was low. Different populations of Curcuma were related to character of species and geological distribution.</p>
Subject(s)
Genetic Variation , Genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Methods , Polymorphism, Genetic , Genetics , Species Specificity , Zingiberaceae , Classification , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the diagnostic value of dual-head (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) imaging in metastatic lesion with unknown primary tumour (UPT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy patients with UPT underwent dual-head (18)F-FDG imaging after iv (18)F-FDG 1.85 MBq/kg. The primary tumour was diagnosed according to the FDG uptake and T/N value.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 70 patients, the primary tumour was identified by positive FDG imaging and finally confirmed pathologically in 58 patients (82.9%), and 12 patients had a negative FDG imaging (17.1%). Forty-two of the 58 positive patients were found to have lung cancer (72.4%). Among the 12 negative patients, their primary tumour was then identified by other diagnostic procedures in 5 patients (41.7%), in 1 patient, the primary site was detected during follow-up, however, the primary tumour was never detected in the rest 6 patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dual-probe (18)F-FDG imaging is a simple, quick, non-invasive and sensitive technique with an accuracy over 80% in the diagnosis of unknown primary tumour. The lung is found to be the most frequent primary site. Dual-probe (18)F-FDG imaging can be recommended as the first diagnostic choice for UPT.</p>