ABSTRACT
The effects of increasing plant diversity on the population of the coffee leaf-miner Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville) were investigated in two organic coffee production systems. One system consisted of coffee intercropped with banana trees (shaded system) and the other one of coffee intercropped with pigeon pea (unshaded system). The increase in plant diversity on both systems was achieved via introduction of green manures such a perennial pea nut, sunn hemp and Brazilian lucerne. The population of L. coffeella, predation and parasitism of L. coffeella mines were biweekly evaluated during eight months. The increase in plant diversity on both systems did not affect the attack of L. coffeella on coffee leaves and the mine parasitism rate. However, there was a positive and significant relationship between increasing plant diversity and coffee leaf mine predation by wasps on unshaded coffee system and a negative relationship on shaded coffee system.
Subject(s)
Animals , Coffea/parasitology , Lepidoptera/physiology , Plant Leaves/parasitologyABSTRACT
This is the first published report concerning reproduction and survival using life table analyses of fertility and survival for Muscina stabulans maintained under laboratory conditions with artificial diets. The intrinsic rate of growth, reproduction rate and average generational time were obtained, suggesting a rapid population growth under these rearing conditions. These findings permitted the creation of time models of survival and oviposition, as well as a quantitative estimate of the adaptation capacity of this species.
Com o objetivo de apresentar um primeiro delineamento para a reprodução e sobrevivência da Muscina stabulans em condições de laboratório, foram desenvolvidas tabelas de vida em dieta artificial. A taxa intrínseca de crescimento natural, a taxa reprodutiva líquida e o tempo médio de uma geração foram estimados, além da análise do tempo de oviposição e da sobrevivência dos adultos dessa espécie. Os dados sugerem uma alta taxa de crescimento da população nas condições de criação. Esses resultados permitem a criação de modelos de sobrevivência e oviposição, bem como estimativas quantitativas da adaptabilidade dessa espécie.
ABSTRACT
Foi testada a eficiência de duas profundidades de aplicação de cupinicidas líquidos para o controle de cupins de montículo Cornitermes sp. (Isoptera: Termitidae) em pastagens na região Sul de Minas Gerais. Estes aplicadores diferiam basicamente quanto à profundidade e distribuição da calda cupinicida dentro do ninho, sendo um aplicador de tubo curto e outro de tubo longo e perfurado. Os resultados mostram que, o aplicador e tubo longo e perfurado apresenta maior eficiência de controle de cupins de montículo em pastagem e que a profundidade e distribuição de aplicação da calda cupinicida interfere na taxa de mortalidade das colônias. O uso de um aplicador com tubo longo, pode ser uma estratégia adequada para o efetivo controle de cupins de montículo, quando se utilizam inseticidas em formulação líquida.
The efficacy of two depths was tested for the control of mound termites, Cornitermes sp. (Isoptera: Termitidae) using liquid a formulation of imidacloprid. Both devices were funnels constructed so as to differ only in the depth and distribution of the liquid within the termite nest. One of the devices was a standard funnel, whereas the other presented a longer tube perforated along its extension and closed in the outer end. Termites in mounds treated with the long funnel died faster than termites treated with the short funnel. It seems that the depth and distribution of the insecticide within termite nest was crucial for the efficacy of the control. We therefore recommend that control methods of termite in mounds should favor the use of applying devices which distribute better the insecticide within the nest.