ABSTRACT
Genitourinary fungal infections are uncommon, but the incidence is increasing due to the wider use of antibiotics, steroids, radiating treatment, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic drugs. Hospitalized patients are at the highest risk, which includes those with hematologic neoplasms and other neoplastic disorders, diabetes mellitus, and those with prolonged preterminal diseases. Candidal urinary tract infections typically occur in hosts with a compromised immune function. Emphysematous cystitis is a rare disease, usually caused by aerobic bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli. However emphysematous cystitis occasionally complicates fungal infections of the lower urinary tract, especially in diabetic patients. Because emphysematous cystitis has potentially high morbidity and mortality, early diagnosis and treatment is very important. We report a case of emphysematous cystitis with fungus ball due to Candida albicans.