Assessing the Effect of Portulaca oleracea Seed Extract for Alleviating Collagen Type-II Induced Arthritis in Female Wistar Rat

Rheumatoid arthritis is a sign of progressive degradation of cartilage, subchondral bone, and small joints, as well as the persistence of synovitis and the formation of pannus. This research intends to assess the purported anti-arthritic effects of an extract from the seeds of Portulaca oleracea. Female Wistar albino rats (140–200 g) were used and assigned to five groups: Group I administrated NS (10 ml/kg), Group II received 0.2 ml of CoII-IFA, Group III received 300 mg/kg of fish oil, and Groups IV & V administrated 100 and 200 mg/kg of methanolic extract of Portulaca oleracea (MePO). During the experiment, the rats' weight, arthritic score, and footpad oedema were evaluated to determine the severity of their arthritis. Later, blood samples were collected from the animals, which were then analysed for haematological, pro-inflammatory, antioxidant, and histological parameters. A dose-dependent reduction was seen in rats treated with a methanolic extract of Portulaca seeds. Levels of haematological and pro-inflammatory cytokines were considerably reduced by treatment. Although both the standard drug and 200 mg/kg of MePO had anti-inflammatory effects, the latter's were more pronounced at this dose. When looking at the two side by side, results showed that the treatment groups of RBC, WBC, NL-ratio, and ML-ratio levels were normalised. Further histology confirmed the reduction of joint deformity, oedema, formation of pannus, and infiltration of neutrophils in the MePO groups in contrast to arthritic rats. It is hypothesised that Portulaca oleracea may reduce the arthritis and can be used as an adjuvant therapy or incorporate it into your diet with the main course of treatment.

Assessment of quality of life and its predictors in thalassemic children

Background: In India, approximately 10,000 children are being born with thalassemia per year contributing to 10% of the total world incidence of thalassemia affected children. With the advancement in medical therapy resulting in early diagnosis and initiation of blood transfusion at an early age, and management of complications, survival rates have improved and such child can survive till second and third decades.Methods: This study was conducted among 100 children in the age range of 2 to 14 years registered with the Thalassemia clinic, department of paediatrics, Gandhi Medical College and associated Kamla Nehru hospital, Bhopal. All patients underwent routine investigation and other relevant investigations as required. To assess the quality of life of children with thalassemia, pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQL4) scale was used.Results: Mean age of children belonging to the age range of less than 4 years- 38�.38 months whereas that of children in the age range of 5-7 years and 8 to 12 years was 71.08�93 month抯 and120.32�.44 (95%CI 112.51-128.12) months respectively. The emotional domain of quality of life was significantly associated with compliance to chelation therapy among children in the age range of less than 4 and 8 to 12 years.Conclusions: Thalassemia significantly affects negatively on the quality of life of all individuals irrespective of the age of the child. Though, all the domains i.e. physical, emotional, school and social are affected in these patients, physical and school domain are most commonly affected.

Enhancing Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties through Foliar Application of Micronutrients under Field Condition

Extensively, it is imperative to address the pervasive issue of nutrient deficiencies among humans and animals in numerous underdeveloped regions. To tackle this challenge, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of foliar applications of Zinc, Boron, and Iron on the growth, yield attributes, and overall yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties during the Rabi seasons of both 2018-19 and 2019-20. The field experiment was meticulously designed using a Split Plot Design, wherein three distinct chickpea varieties (V1-KGD-1168, V2-Radhey, and V3-KWR-108) were assigned to the main plots. The subplots were dedicated to seven micronutrient treatment combinations, namely (M1-Control), (M2-Zinc @ 0.5%), (M3-Boron @ 0.2%), (M4-Iron @ 0.1%), (M5-Zinc @ 0.5% + Boron @ 0.2%), (M6-Zinc @ 0.5% + Iron @ 0.1%), and (M7: Zinc @ 0.5% + Boron @ 0.2% + Iron @ 0.1%). Consequently, a total of 21 treatment combinations were meticulously replicated three times. The findings of the experiment unveiled that the Radhey variety significantly influenced various parameters, including plant height, the number of branches per plant, fresh plant weight, 100-seed weight (17.21, 17.25g), seed yield (2118, 2228 kg ha-1), gross return (112396, 113628 INR ha-1), net return (83154, 83616 INR ha-1), and the benefit-to-cost ratio (B: C ratio) (2.84, 2.79) of chickpea for both the years 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. Regarding the micronutrient treatments, the foliar application of Zinc @ 0.5% + Boron @ 0.2% + Iron @ 0.1% exhibited a notably positive impact on plant height, the number of branches per plant, fresh plant weight, 100-seed weight (16.94, 16.97g), seed yield (2162, 2276 kg ha-1), gross return (114634, 116076 INR ha-1), net return (85041, 85712 INR ha-1), and B: C ratio (2.87, 2.82) of chickpea during both the years 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. Based on these compelling results, farmers are strongly advised to cultivate the Radhey variety of chickpea while implementing foliar applications of Zinc @ 0.5% + Boron @ 0.2% + Iron @ 0.1% for enhanced growth and higher yields.

Soil Science and Sustainable Farming: Paving the Way for Food Security

The review titled "Soil Science and Sustainable Farming: Paving the Way for Food Security" explores the critical role of soil science in achieving sustainable agriculture and ensuring global food security. The review focuses on key aspects of soil science that contribute to sustainable farming practices, including soil health assessment, soil management practices, soil conservation strategies, soil amendments and nutrient management, and soil-water interactions. Each subheading delves into specific topics within soil science, highlighting their importance in promoting soil fertility, preventing erosion and land degradation, balancing crop nutrition, and optimizing irrigation and water use efficiency. By understanding and implementing these soil science principles, farmers can adopt sustainable practices that enhance soil productivity, preserve natural resources, and support long-term food security.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on the Morphology, Flowering, Maturity, Yield Attributes, and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris L. Medik.)

Comprehensively, nutrient deficiencies in humans and animals are a quiet epidemic in many underdeveloped nations. Nutrient deficiencies in humans and animals are a global problem in most developing countries. Lentil is one of the most important and nutritious Rabi pulse in India. It’s a leguminous crop that improves the soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation. In this contest an experiment was conducted to study the enhancement of plant growth, chlorophyll content, flowering, yield and seed protein content by plant growth regulators in DPL-62 lentil (Lens culinaris L. Medik) variety during two Rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21. The field experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD). Five growth regulators viz. triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), gibberellic acid (GA3), cytokinin, indole acetic acid (IAA), and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were used in Eleven treatments were tested T1: Control, T2: 25 ppm TIBA, T3: 50 ppm TIBA, T4: 25 ppm GA3, T5: 50 ppm GA3, T6: 5 ppm Cytokinin, T7: 10 ppm Cytokinin, T8: 25 ppm IAA, T9: 50 ppm IAA, T10: 25 ppm NAA, T11: 50 ppm NAA. The results revealed that the maximum plant height (38.12 & 38.15 cm at harvest) was obtained by the 50 ppm GA3 followed by 50 ppm IAA (37.00 & 38.10 cm at harvest) spray at all stages. However, the 50 ppm TIBA showed better results (per plant) viz., number of branches (15.00, 15.33 at 110DAS), leaf area (86.50, 86.32 at 110DAS), number of pods (160.20, 160.37), pod setting (65.45, 65.50%), seed weight (2.02, 2.10g), test weight (27.32, 27.39g) and seed yield (1500.00, 1510.00 kg ha-1) of lentil as compared to all other treatments. The maximum days of flowering (67.50, 67.85) and days of maturity. On the basis of the observed results the growing of DPL-60 lentil variety with foliar applications of 50 ppm TIBA is recommended for the farmers of the test area for greater production and profitability.

Response of Different Levels of Salicylic Acid on Growth Characteristics, Chlorophyll Content, Yield Attributes and Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.) under Rainfed Condition

To study the response of different levels of salicylic acid on growth characteristics, chlorophyll intensity, yields attributes and yield of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) under rainfed conditions. The field experiment was conducted at Department of Crop Physiology, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India during kharif season in the year 2017-18. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 Treatments replicated thrice and assigned in 30 plots. The treatment comprised as T1: Control, T2: Foliar application of salicylic acid @ 50 ppm at 20 DAS, T3: Foliar application of salicylic acid @ 50 ppm at 40 DAS, T4: Foliar application of salicylic acid @ 50 ppm at 60 DAS, T5: Foliar application of salicylic acid @ 100 ppm at 20 DAS, T6: Foliar application of salicylic acid @ 100 ppm at 40 DAS, T7: Foliar application of salicylic acid @ 100 ppm at 60 DAS, T8: Foliar application of salicylic acid @ 150 ppm at 20 DAS, T9: Foliar application of salicylic acid @ 150 ppm at 40 DAS, T10: Foliar application of salicylic acid @ 150 ppm at 60 DAS. The results showed significant increments in Growth attributes, relative water content (%), chlorophyll intensity (SPAD meter value), yield and yield attributes viz., plant height (36.50 and 38.10 cm) at 70 DAS and maturity, number of leaves plant-1(8.66, 23.66 and 22.0) at 35, 70 DAS and maturity, number of branches plant-1 (3.9, 8.60 and 10.33) at 35, 70 DAS and maturity, dry weight of plant-1(2.76, 6.12 and 5.01 g) at 35, 70 DAS and maturity, dry weight of stem plant-1(2.76, 7.12 and 7.96 g) at 35, 70 DAS and maturity, total dry weight of plant (4.96, 13.24 and 21.97 g) at 35, 70 DAS and maturity, total leaf area plant-1 (211.33 and 384.87 cm-2) at pre and post flowering, Relative water content (51.50 and 43.43) at Pre and post flowering, Chlorophyll content (49.93 and 40.90) at pre and post flowering, Number of pods plant-1 (46.00) at maturity, Dry weight of pods plant-1 (8.99g) at maturity, seed yield plant-1 (6.66 g), 100-Seed weight (4.41 g), Harvesting index (30.30%), Grain Yield (10.35 q ha-1) with the foliar application of salicylic acid @ 150 ppm at 60 DAS while minimum in control. The addition of salicylic acid under rainfed conditions resulted in significant increments in growth parameters, chlorophyll intensity, yield and yield attributes of black gram in rainfed conditions. Thus, it may be concluded that the foliar application of salicylic acid @ 150 ppm was found to be optimum concentration in enhancing growth and yield of a black gram over rest of treatment under rainfed conditions.

Agronomic Zn Biofortification of Cereal Crops a Sustainable Way to Ensuring Nutritional Security: A Review

Nutritional deficits in humans and animals constitute a hidden epidemic in many impoverished areas across the world. The staple foods of developing South Asian and African nations, such as rice, wheat, and maize, are poor in micronutrients. In recent past, a lack of food diversification i.e., cereal-based crops low in minerals, is another danger to nutritional quality and security. Because of the inherently low-level accumulation of nutrients in cereal crops, they are the primary target for bio-fortification among all crops. Among different micronutrients, zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient that plays a vital role in a variety of physiological functions, and its scarcity will result in lower crop yields and productivity. Agronomic practices like application of fertilizers in soil, nutri-priming, foliar spray etc. enhance the availability and uptake of Zn in crops. As a result, the growth and development, quality parameters and yield attributes of crop enhanced significantly. Therefore, agronomic biofortification of Zn in cereal crop is utmost important to achieve nutritional quality and food security. Furthermore, biofortification boosted the crop productivity to alleviate hidden hunger, in addition to quality aspects, proving to be a sustainable and cost-effective strategy. With soil and foliar fertiliser applications, including amendments, the agronomic interventions boost the Zn concentration in cereal crops. In this review the importance of agronomic Zn biofortification as a procedure to improve cereal yield and as an agricultural solution to solve nutritional quality and food security challenges is discussed.

Recent Advances in Phytoleads for Management of Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorder is one of the common disorders related to the respiratory tract. In regards, to the development of resistance against the drugs now in use, respiratory disorders become a significant major challenge in the health sector. For respiratory illness treatment, many phytoleads or phytoconstituents are traditionally used and for their efficacy, few have been found with optimistic results. In this review, all the phytoleads or phytoconstituents have anti-inflammatory activity, and some of them possess antioxidant activity too. All are used to treat respiratory tract inflammation. Curcumin was used as an anti-asthmatic also. The results of this study show that for the cure of respiratory system disorders, phytoleads or phytoconstituents are used.The use of Phytoleads nowadays provide benefit in the discovery of new drugs for future targets.

Facile Titrimetric Assay of Lysophosphatidic Acid in Human Serum and Plasma for Ovarian Cancer Detection

Herein, an instrument free facile acid-base titrimetric methodology is reported for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) measurement in serum and plasma samples for ovarian cancer detection. The concept is based on the titrimetric method in which alkaline solution was titrated with free fatty acid. Free fatty acid is generated due to action of the lysophospholipase to LPA. A phospholipid derivative known as LPA can function as a signaling molecule. A glycerol backbone serves as the foundation for phosphatidic acid, which also has bonds to an unsaturated fatty acid at carbon-1, a hydroxyl group at carbon-2, and a phosphate molecule at carbon-3. Free fatty acid and glycerol-3-phosphate are formed when LPA reacts with lysophospholipase. The formation of free fatty acid depends on the concentration of LPA. The standard graph of known concentrations of LPA, LPA spiked serum and LPA spiked plasma was plotted. The concentration of LPA in unknown serum and plasma were calculated from the standard graph. The limit of detection of LPA in spiked serum and plasma samples via titrimetric assay was calculated as 0.156 μmol/L. A patient's chance of survival may be outweighed by an early diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

Ruptured mirror DACA aneurysm: A rare case report and review of literature

Bilateral distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA) aneurysms also called “kissing aneurysms” or “mirror aneurysm” are extremely rare, accounting for only 0.2% of all intracranial aneurysms. There have only been a few examples of mirror DACA aneurysms reported in the literature. Here, we report a rare case of mirror DACA aneurysm in a middle aged female with its successful clipping. Patient was admitted with severe headache and altered sensorium. Computed tomography (CT) head was suggestive of anterior inter-hemispheric hematoma. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was done which was suggestive of two distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms located at same anatomical position. It was treated through microsurgical clipping. Mirror image DACA aneurysms are rare occurrence. All patients with ruptured DACA aneurysms should have angiography with 3D reconstruction studies. This aids in determining the aneurysm’s morphology and planning treatment accordingly.

C2 Superior Facetal Osteotomy: A Novel Technique in Complex Craniovertebral Junction Surgery for C1 Lateral Mass Screw Placement

Complex craniovertebral junction (CVJ) defects account for a considerable proportion of CVJ diseases. Given the heavily assimilated C1, an unfavorable C1–C2 joint orientation, an overriding C2 superior facet, a low-hanging occiput, and an abnormal vertebral artery course with a high-riding vertebral artery, placement of C1 lateral mass screws might be difficult. To address this, a novel technique for placing C1 lateral mass screws that avoid vertebral artery injury, low-hanging occiput, and overriding C2 superior facet was developed in this study. This approach enables firm fixation of C1–C2 even in difficult situations where the placement of the C1 lateral mass is challenging.

Community support as predictors of resilience among single women

Background: Single women face many problems in the patriarchal society but receive support from the community. In general, studies on community support showed that belonging to a community and actively participating in communal activities enhanced the quality of life and wellbeing of the individual involved. The present study examines whether the dimensions of community support predict psychological distress, happiness, life satisfaction, and psychological resilience among single women. Method: A sample of 300 single women (divorced, widows, and separated women) in the age group of 25 to 60 years (M = 39.82 years, SD = 7.83) were administered self-report measures of perceived community support, psychological distress, subjective happiness, life satisfaction, and psychological resilience. The dimensions of community support included in the study are community integration, community participation and community organization. Results: Multiple regressions were carried out to analyze the data. Community integration negatively predicted psychological resilience. Community participation positively predicted life satisfaction. Conclusion: These findings highlight the role of community support as resources that promote the positive adaptation of single women to the challenges of everyday life. The implications of the findings for policy, practice, and research are also discussed

Atypical hemolytic uremia syndrome in a young adult male

Atypical hemolytic uremia syndrome (aHUS) is a rare and life-threatening disease, characterized by the same triad of hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure as seen in HUS. It differs in its etiology, being caused by a dysregulation of the complement pathway rather than Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Prognosis is poor, with 50% of cases progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and 25% succumbing in the acute phase. The treatment of choice is therapeutic plasma exchange which can lower mortality. Monoclonal antibody drugs such as eculizumab, which suppress the dysregulated complement pathway, help to prevent complement-mediated kidney injury. We report the case of a young adult male who presented with thrombocytopenia and worsening acute kidney injury and was diagnosed with aHUS based on high lactic dehydrogenase, low complement C3, and haptoglobin, as well as renal biopsy showing thrombotic microangiopathy

A Review: Lumpy Skin Disease in Cattle

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is one of the most economically valuable transboundary and OIE-listed diseases caused by Capripoxvirus in the family Poxviridae. LSD should always be included in the differential diagnosis when cattle exhibit tiny nodules development in the head, neck, udder, rump, perineum, and leg area and elevated body temperature, respiration, and salivation. The economic potential of these diseases is of significant concern, provided that they threaten international trade and could be used as economic bioterrorism agents. Because of the scarcity of reliable vaccinations and the widespread poverty in rural areas, capripoxviruses appear to be spreading more widely. The best treatment for reducing the risk factors for the disease could be strict quarantine, vector control, and prophylactic vaccination. The goal of the current study is to give the information that is currently available on the disease’s various aspects, including its clinicopathology, method of transmission, possible treatments, and diagnostic procedures

Correlation between D-dimer and computed tomographyseverity score in middle aged young adults with COVID-19 pneumonia: a retrospective study

Background:An unknown pneumonia broke out in Wuhan City in December 2019 and it was confirmed as an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2, formerly known as 2019-nCoV). Consumption coagulopathy, which should be obviated in order to decrease mortality, arises in disseminated intravascular coagulation with a decrease in fibrinogen and an increase in D-dimer levels. However, studies on the predictive and prognostic values of coagulation parameters in the setting of patients with COVID-19 are still limited. The objectiveof this retrospective study was to investigate the correlation of D-dimer and computed tomography severity score in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.Methods:The present retrospective study was conducted among 108 subjects reported COVID RT-PCR positive admitted during the study period i.e.;January-August 2021 in the department of medicine of Rural Medical College, Loni. Pneumonia was confirmed by Computed tomography (CT) examination and coagulation test completed within 12 hr after admission were enrolled. Coagulation tests, which Fibrinogen (Fib) and D-dimer were performed. CTscore was categorized into mild (0-7), moderate (8-16) and advanced grade (17-25 points).Results:The mean age of male and female was 38.52�34 and 35.67�22 years respectively, with an overall age of 37.79�58 years. Mean D-dimer level was 0.54�09, 0.91�22 and 1.96�47 mcg/ml among subjects having mild, moderate and severe CT score respectively. According to multivariate analysis, higher D-dimer (OR:3.61, p<0.01) was significantly associated with CTseverity score.Conclusions:Study concluded that the D-dimer level's time point was matched to the time of CTscan, we have reasons to correlate that the D-dimer level may predict the severity of inflammation prior to coagulopathy/thrombosis

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the trachea in a 9-year-old male child: case report and review of literature

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is most common malignancy of minor salivary glands in adults. Pulmonary MEC is extremely uncommon comprising of only 0.1%–0.2% of the primary lung malignancies and <1% of primary bronchial tumors. It is even rarer in children and literature limited to few case reports only. Here we present a case report of a 9-year-old boy diagnosed with primary MEC of trachea along with review of the literature. A 9-year-old male child presented with complaint of dry cough for two years which was later associated with shortness of breath after one year. Bronchoscopic examination revealed a growth arising from right lateral wall of carina occluding 50% of the lumen and detailed histopathological examination revealed it to be a MEC of the trachea. Patient underwent local excision of the tumor with primary anastomosis. In view of positive margins adjuvant radiotherapy of 60 Gy in 30 fractions were given to the tumor bed. Patient tolerated the treatment well and is disease free at 6 months follow-up. Experience with MEC of the trachea in children is limited and optimal treatment protocols have not been defined, with current treatment mainly extrapolated from MEC of the salivary glands.

Very rare giant adrenal myelolipoma: a tumor mimic

Adrenal myelolipoma is a very rare benign neoplasm usually unilateral, and nonsecreting, occurring in the adrenal gland which consist of fatty tissues and hematopoietic elements. Some cases of this type may cause symptoms like chronic abdominal pain however usually these tumors are small and asymptomatic. Surgery is the modality of treatment where there are severe symptoms with life threatening progression with size of tumor reaching more than 6 cm. Here we report an unusual case of a 59-year-old male with history of chronic abdominal pain from a growing right-sided large adrenal mass. With all possible hematological, histo-pathological as well as imaging investigations warranted a high suspicion for tumor mass, hence decided for surgically excision, which was both diagnostic as well as curative. The histopathological study of the excised mass confirmed the initial diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma. Surgery is the diagnostic and curative modality of treatment for adrenal myelolipoma after all possible investigations to reach for a clinical diagnosis as well for proper planning for surgery. By this we can prevent complications like spontaneous rupture and hemorrhage of the mass, and subsequent cardiovascular shock. Management varies from individual to individual. Open radical adrenalectomy is the standard treatment for giant myelolipomas (size >10 cm), while the minimally invasive approach has been used in only few cases of small sized tumors. Although it is a benign tumor, surgery plays main role for symptomatic cases and high suspicion of malignancy.

Conservative management of an iliopsoas hematoma causing walking difficulty in an elderly patient on anticoagulation therapy: a case report

Spontaneous iliopsoas hematoma is a rare complication in patients suffering from bleeding disorders like hemophilia, Von Willebrand’s disease or those taking blood thinners like aspirin and clopidogrel or anticoagulant medications like warfarin for atrial fibrillation or post-thrombotic status. It can present as severe pain, muscle dysfunction, difficult walking or neurological dysfunction due to compression on femoral nerve or lumbar plexus. A high index of suspicion with early blood and radiological investigations like contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the part is immensely helpful in diagnosis and prompt management of such patients. A low hemoglobin or hematocrit level and a high INR is supportive while CECT or MRI of the abdomen and pelvis is confirmatory. Management in a hemodynamically and neurologically stable patient include immediate withdrawl of the anticoagulant, bed rest, infusion of I.V. fluids, vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma and packed red cell transfusion, which ensures complete recovery in most of the cases. However angio-embolization to control ongoing arterial bleeding is lifesaving when feasible or emergent open decompression and bleeding control surgery can save the life or prevent permanent neurological damage to the limb. Decompression of the hematoma by ultrasound or computed tomography guided catheter drainage is helpful alternative in few selected cases. We report an elderly patient on warfarin, who suddenly developed difficulty in walking within hours of a strained defecation, diagnosed to suffer from left iliopsoas hematoma and responded to conservative management with complete resolution of symptoms by 3 weeks.

A Comparative Study on Elderly Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients on the Basis of Radiological & Microbiological findings in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

INTRODUCTION:- the present study was planned and the aim of the present study was to compare the clinical, radiological and laboratory manifestations of PTB among geriatric patients. The biological changes associated with aging, associated malnutrition and acute or chronic diseases have been reported to disrupt protective barriers, contribute to the expected age-related diminution in cellular immune responses and impair microbial clearance mechanisms against Mycobacterium TB. METHODOLOGY:- This study analyzed the 100 elderly pulmonary tuberculosis cases. This study was conducted in the Department of TB & Respiratory Diseases, Shri Dev Suman Subharti Medical College, Dehradun. The duration of study was over a period of two year. RESULTS:- In the present study, 85% people had cough, 92% fever, 42%anorexia, 30% chest pain, 21% hemoptysis, 52% weakness. In the sputum microscopy, 23% negative, 11% scanty, 22% 1+, 25% 2+,19% 3+ we were found according to grading of RNTCP. CONCLUSION:- Elderly patients of PTB presented with recognized clinical and radiological features of disease, but a fair number had to be prescribed nonstandard regimens.

A Prospective Study on Predictive Value of Absolute Eosinophil Count for Bronchodilator Reversibility in COPD Patients

INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are prone to exacerbation that account for significant morbidity and mortality. According to physio-pathologic and clinical-functional viewpoints, bronchiectasis and COPD have some common characteristics, it has been observed that bronchiectasis was present in up to 50% of patients with moderate to severe COPD . This observation suggests that COPD is a risk factor for bronchiectasis. METHODOLOGY: This study was included 120 totals who were attending the OPD in the department of TB Chest. This study was conducted in the Department of TB & Respiratory Diseases, Shri Dev Suman Subharti Medical College, Dehradun. RESULT: In our study we were included 120 total number of cases, out of all cases 35.5% cases were found from eosinophilic COPD group & 62.5% were found non-eosinophilic COPD group. In eosinophilic COPD group,42 male and 3 females were found. While in non-eosinophilic COPD group ,60 male and 15 females were found. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that flow reversibility associated with this volume reversibility was more in eosinophilic COPD.