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A study was conducted at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) during 2022. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the plants in terms of various parameters such as plant height, Leaf Area Index, days to 50% flowering, days to first harvesting, number of pods per plant, pod length, pod girth, pod weight, pod yield per plant, pod yield per plot, pod yield per hectare, total soluble solids (TSS), Vitamin C and benefit-cost ratio. The results of the study indicated that the application of mixture of 50% inorganic fertilizers and 50% FYM improved the growth and yield of Okra. The highest pod yield (12.06 t/ha), pod weigh (25.42 g), TSS (9.47 Brix) and Vitamin C content (24.26) were observed in the plants treated with 50 % through Chemical fertilizer + 50 % through FYM. The benefit-cost ratio was also found to be higher in the treated plants compared to the control. Overall, the study suggests that the application of 50 % through Chemical fertilizer + 50 % through FYM can be an effective and sustainable method for enhancing the growth, yield, and quality of Okra.
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This study was carried out during March – June 2022 on vegetable research farm Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The objective of the experiment was to screen out the best combination of biofertilizer and inorganic manures for growth, yield, and quality of okra and to work out the economics. The design of the experiment was randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The result shows that T8 75%N + 100%PK + Azotobacter + Azospirillum + PSB was found superior in terms of plant height (9.30cm in 20 days, 30.23cm in 40 days, 43.58cm in 60 days), plant spread (19.94cm2 in 20 days, 34.64 cm2 in 40 days, 60.74 cm2 in 60 days), days to first flowering (33.98 days), days to 50% flowering (42.43days), days to fruit setting (46.95 days), days to first fruit picking (48.68 days), fruit weight (9.83g), length of fruit at marketable stage (13.10cm), girth of fruit (2.02cm), no. of fruit per plant (23.98/plant), no. of seeds per fruit (48.39), fruit yield per plant(g) 235.65g, fruit yield per plot (kg) 7.78kg, fruit yield (t/ha) 19.44, TSS (14.61oBrix), ascorbic acid (21.31 mg/100g). Net economic returns of treatment were highest in T8 (75%N + 100%PK + Azotobacter + Azospirillum + PSB) Rs.472592.83 with highest cost benefit ratio of (4.27).
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The field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2022 at horticulture research farm, department of horticulture, naini agriculture institute, shuats, to study on genetic variability, heritability, correlation studies in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were estimated among 14 cowpea genotypes for 19 qualitative traits. The High estimate of GCV along with high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was recorded for number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, green pod yield per plant and pod yield per hectare. While moderate estimate of GCV along with high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was recorded for pod length, number of peduncles per plant, number of pods per peduncle, plant height at both flowering and maturity stage.
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Aphids are one of the most devastating pests, affecting the potential yield and quality ofBrassica juncea. In the current study, we have attempted to pyramid two transgenic lines containing chickpea lectin (CHPL, P1) and urdbean protease inhibitor (UPI, P2) in each under the phloem specific rolC promoter, through conventional breeding approach. In the derived F2 population, both lectin and protease inhibitor genes were segregating in a 9:3:3:1 ratio (p-value: 0.81), indicative of a single copy of the transgenes in the parents. Furthermore, the parental, as well as pyramided progenies were evaluated for their potential resistance to aphids in terms of mortality and natality. The lines containing both the transgenes were found to be superior over single gene transgenics as a higher mortality rate (96%) was found in F2on the 9th day as compared to single gene transgenics (86% and 80% in P1 and P2 respectively). A significant decrease in the number of nymphs was observed in P1 and P2 but most in F2 plants as almost 43, 32.08, and 107.5 times decrease in the number of nymphs was found in P1, P2, and F2 individuals over control. Expression profiling was done to see if there was any impact of gene pyramiding on the expression pattern of both transgenes before and after aphid treatment, and no significant changes were observed, indicating constitutive expression of transgenes in pyramided lines also. In conclusion, pyramided lines were found to be promising and were superior for aphid resistance.
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Aphids are one of the most devastating pests, affecting the potential yield and quality ofBrassica juncea. In the current study, we have attempted to pyramid two transgenic lines containing chickpea lectin (CHPL, P1) and urdbean protease inhibitor (UPI, P2) in each under the phloem specific rolC promoter, through conventional breeding approach. In the derived F2 population, both lectin and protease inhibitor genes were segregating in a 9:3:3:1 ratio (p-value: 0.81), indicative of a single copy of the transgenes in the parents. Furthermore, the parental, as well as pyramided progenies were evaluated for their potential resistance to aphids in terms of mortality and natality. The lines containing both the transgenes were found to be superior over single gene transgenics as a higher mortality rate (96%) was found in F2on the 9th day as compared to single gene transgenics (86% and 80% in P1 and P2 respectively). A significant decrease in the number of nymphs was observed in P1 and P2 but most in F2 plants as almost 43, 32.08, and 107.5 times decrease in the number of nymphs was found in P1, P2, and F2 individuals over control. Expression profiling was done to see if there was any impact of gene pyramiding on the expression pattern of both transgenes before and after aphid treatment, and no significant changes were observed, indicating constitutive expression of transgenes in pyramided lines also. In conclusion, pyramided lines were found to be promising and were superior for aphid resistance.
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The population of the world is increasing nearly exponentially over time. To feed this population following the environment conservation protocol, it is essential to enhance the agricultural productivity even in the synchronizing agrarian land use pattern. To enhance the quality and productivity in agriculture sector, introducing the cutting edge technology is need of the hour.From ancient times, traditional approaches like selective breeding, adoption of agronomic management practices and application of indigenous technical knowledge have been used to attain resilience against various abiotic and biotic stresses. However, these traditional approaches are not sufficient to tackle the increasing repercussions of climate change and feed quality food to the expanding population. Therefore, in order to address these issues of climate change, population explosion and malnutrition, biotechnological interventions can be a promising approach. In the past, biotechnology based approaches have given successful products like Herbicide-resistant Soybean, Pusa Basmati 1, Bt Cotton, Bt Brinjal, Flavr-Savr tomato, a therapeutically significant product of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Panax ginseng. Besides that many more need based products are in pipeline which is under scrutiny of regulatory bodies, policymakers and environmentalists. It is profoundly expected that in the coming day’s agricultural biotechnology applications will bring revolutionary changes to existing agricultural scenario. Therefore, in this review, we have summarized the achievement of agricultural biotechnology that is assisting to enhance the agricultural produce to double the income of farmers. However, this much is not enough; hence full utilization of all the sustainable agricultural biotechnological tools must come into the existence that definitely will boost the agricultural productivity.
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O uso da fisiologia coronariana invasiva na seleção de indivíduos para revascularização coronariana foi estabelecido nas orientações atuais para manejo da doença arterial coronariana estável. Em comparação com a angiografia isolada, a fisiologia coronariana provou melhorar os resultados clínicos e a relação custo-efetividade no processo de revascularização. Ensaios controlados randomizados, no entanto, questionaram a eficácia do teste de isquemia na seleção de indivíduos para revascularização. Após uma intervenção coronária percutânea com sucesso angiográfico, 20 a 40% dos pacientes apresentaram angina persistente ou recorrente. A inteligência artificial é definida como o uso de vários algoritmos e conceitos computacionais para realizar tarefas complexas de maneira eficiente. Pode ser classificada em dois tipos: abordagens não supervisionadas e supervisionadas. O aprendizado supervisionado é usado principalmente nas tarefas de regressão e classificação, e nele é realizado um mapeamento otimizado entre variáveis de saída e entrada pareadas para executar as tarefas. Em contraste com isso, o aprendizado não supervisionado funciona de maneira diferente. Nesse aprendizado, os dados das variáveis de saída não estão disponíveis, e outros clusters e relações entre os dados de entrada são descobertos, usando-se vários algoritmos. Para se adquirir uma representação mais abstrata dos dados, a tecnologia de aprendizado profundo que utiliza as redes neurais multicamadas domina o aprendizado artificial atualmente.
The use of invasive coronary physiology to select individuals for coronary revascularization has been established in current guidelines for the management of stable coronary artery disease. Compared to angiography alone, coronary physiology has been proven to improve clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness in the revascularization process. Randomized controlled trials, however, have questioned the efficacy of ischemia testing in selecting individuals for revascularization. After an angiographically successful percutaneous coronary intervention, 20 to 40% of patients experienced persistent or recurrent angina. Artificial intelligence is defined as the usage of various algorithms and computational concepts to perform the complex tasks in an efficient manner. It can be classified into two types: unsupervised and supervised approaches. Supervised learning is majorly used for the regression and classification tasks, and in this optimized mapping between output variables and paired input is carried out to perform the tasks. In contrast to this, unsupervised learning works in the different manner. In unsupervised learning, output variables data is not available and further clusters and relations between input data are found out by using the various algorithms. To acquire more abstract representation of data, deep learning technology, which uses the multilayer neural networks, dominates the artificial learning nowadays.
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Self-expanding metal stents play a crucial role in the management of patients with biliary obstruction. Endoscopic extraction of uncovered metal stents (UCMSs) and partially covered metal stents (PCMSs) could be challenging because of tissue ingrowth. No standardized technique can guarantee universal success. We present our technique and experience of endoscopic extraction of biliary stents in two patients with a UCMS and three patients with a PCMS. Three of the five patients had a previous failed attempt of stent extraction at an outside hospital. Overall, our composite success rate was 80% (4/5). The individual success rate was 100% (3/3) for PCMSs and 50% (1/2) for UCMSs. The stent-in-stent technique, in which a fully covered metal stent is placed through an existing UCMS/PCMS, was used in 60% (3/5) of the cases, with a success rate of 66.7% (2/3). We share our algorithmic approach to each case, with detailed emphasis on the technical aspects of the procedure.
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Self-expanding metal stents play a crucial role in the management of patients with biliary obstruction. Endoscopic extraction of uncovered metal stents (UCMSs) and partially covered metal stents (PCMSs) could be challenging because of tissue ingrowth. No standardized technique can guarantee universal success. We present our technique and experience of endoscopic extraction of biliary stents in two patients with a UCMS and three patients with a PCMS. Three of the five patients had a previous failed attempt of stent extraction at an outside hospital. Overall, our composite success rate was 80% (4/5). The individual success rate was 100% (3/3) for PCMSs and 50% (1/2) for UCMSs. The stent-in-stent technique, in which a fully covered metal stent is placed through an existing UCMS/PCMS, was used in 60% (3/5) of the cases, with a success rate of 66.7% (2/3). We share our algorithmic approach to each case, with detailed emphasis on the technical aspects of the procedure.
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Esophageal lung is a rare variety of communicatingbronchopulmonary foregut malformation with anomaolouscommunication between an isolated portion of respiratory tissueand esophagus. Children present in early life with recurrentcough and pneumonia. Majority of the reported cases areassociated with other anomalies like tracheoesophageal fistula.We report a case of a 7-month-old girl with right sidedesophageal lung who was misdiagnosed as dextrocardia withright sided pneumonitis
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Diabetics show a high prevalence of magnesium deficiency. For type 2 DM patients, hypomagnesemia has a deleterious effect on blood glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity as well as on the development of complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and atherosclerosis. The objective of this research is to evaluate the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 DM and their associations with diabetes microvascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and macrovascular complications like ischemic heart disease, hypertension and cerebrovascular accident.METHODSThe research population was formed by patients with type 2 DM admitted to Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Research Institute. The sample size was 50 cases of diabetes and 50 non-diabetic controls. Calamite dye method was used to test the concentration of serum magnesium.RESULTSPrevalence of hypomagnesemia was 42 percent in study subjects. Between hypomagnesemia and diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, a major correlation was found. Co-morbidities such as ischemic heart disease, hypertension and cerebrovascular accident have not found any significant associations. Low concentrations of serum magnesium are common in type 2 DM. Hypomagnesemia is linked to diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy.CONCLUSIONSHypomagnesemia prevalence in type 2 diabetics is 42% which is significantly higher than non-diabetic controls. For patients with microvascular diabetic complications, the prevalence of hypomagnesemia is higher than in those without macrovascular complications. Retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy are significantly associated with hypomagnesemia. For ischemic heart disease, diabetes, and cerebrovascular disease, no substantial correlation was seen. Prevalence of hypomagnesemia was high in patients with HbA1c>7%. Hypomagnesemia was more common in males. There was no significant association of diabetes duration with hypomagnesemia.
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Splenic hemorrhage (hematoma and rupture) is a rare complication of pancreatitis. In this article, we present a rare case of spontaneous splenic rupture as a complication of acute pancreatitis. A literature review was also completed to describe the patient characteristics, associated pancreatitis etiology, clinical presentations, risk factors, diagnostic and treatment modalities, and outcomes.
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Background: Dengue is a mosquito borne viral infection. It is the most common arboviral disease globally. In the year 2017, India had 1,53,635 cases of dengue with 226 deaths. Electrolyte disturbances reported in dengue infection are hyponatremia, hypokalaemia and hyperchloremia. Considering the serious nature of effects of dyselectrolytemias and high incidence of dengue in India, it is necessary to have a thorough understanding about electrolyte disturbances in Dengue, so as to predict, diagnose and treat them accordingly.Methods: This study was performed in a tertiary care centre in Mumbai, India. The study was a prospective observational cross-sectional study. 150 Patients diagnosed with Dengue were enrolled for the study. Patients’ demographic data, clinical history, examination findings and investigations including electrolyte values were recorded and analysed.Results: A higher incidence of dengue was seen in young age group among admitted patients (74%). Hyponatremia (45.33%) and Hypokalaemia (10.60%) were more commonly observed than hypernatremia (3.33%) and hyperkalaemia (3.33%). Hypochloraemia (6.66%) was seen slightly more than hyperchloraemia (6.00%). Fever was Present in 98.66%, retro orbital headache in 86.66%, vomiting in 56.00%, joint pain in 69.00%, lethargy in 70.66%, breathlessness in 36.00%, bleeding in 8.66%, abdominal pain /tenderness in 18.00%. 85.00% had low platelet count, 30.66% had low hemoglobin and 36.66% had leucopenia. Haematocrit was found to be less in 27.33% and high in 1.33%.Conclusions: From the above results we concluded that, there is a need to have a degree of suspicion about dyselectrolytemias while managing patients with Dengue. Also, patients need to be subjected to necessary lab investigations early during management so that if abnormalities are found, they can be promptly and appropriately managed as some of these abnormalities may lead to increased severity as well as mortality.
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Penile Mondor’s disease (PMD) is a rare condition characterized by thrombosis of superficial dorsal vein of the penis. PMD is usually caused due to vigorous sex or repeated trauma to the penis leading to painful swelling of the penis. Most of the patients improve gradually on conservative treatment. Very rarely cord like lesion persists and causes painful erection and intercourse, meriting surgical management. Here, we report the case of a traumatic Thrombophlebitis of Superficial Dorsal Vein of Penis managed surgically along with a brief explanation of the surgical technique. Color Doppler was helpful in delineating the whole extent of thrombus in the vein. Excision of the whole length of the thrombosed vein was done. Abstinence from sex was advised for six weeks and the patient improved symptomatically
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES@#Stress echocardiography is the current standard for cardiac risk stratification of patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We aim to evaluate the role of dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) in predicting perioperative major adverse cardiac event (MACE) in patients undergoing OLT.@*METHODS@#This was a single-center retrospective study including 144 OLT patients. Of 144 patients, 118 had DSE. MACE included myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), cardiovascular and all-cause death 1 year after OLT.@*RESULTS@#Our study cohort included 118 patients. The mean age was 57.3±8.2 years (range, 25–72 years). There were 85 men and 33 women, male to female ratio being 2.6:1. Of 118, 15 (13%) had positive DSE and 103 (87%) had negative DSE. Perioperative MACE incidence was 5.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6–12.3%). In predicting MACE, DSE had sensitivity of 5.6% (95% CI, 0.2–29.4%), specificity 86% (95% CI, 77.3–91.9%), positive predictive value 6.7% (95% CI, 0.3–33.4%), and negative predictive value (NPV) 83.5% (95% CI, 74.6–89.8%). Eighteen patients had MACE in first year post OLT (15%, 95% CI, 9.5–23.3%). Adverse events included cardiogenic shock (2/18), systolic HF (2/18), non-ST-elevated MI (7/18), cardiac mortality (3/18), and all-cause mortality (7/18). The overall complication rate of DSE was 17% (20/118).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In our cohort, DSE had a low sensitivity but high NPV in predicting perioperative MACE post OLT. A similar trend was noted for DSE in predicting 1-year MACE post OLT. We reiterate the need of a better screening and risk stratification tool for OLT.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Stress echocardiography is the current standard for cardiac risk stratification of patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We aim to evaluate the role of dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) in predicting perioperative major adverse cardiac event (MACE) in patients undergoing OLT. METHODS: This was a single-center retrospective study including 144 OLT patients. Of 144 patients, 118 had DSE. MACE included myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), cardiovascular and all-cause death 1 year after OLT. RESULTS: Our study cohort included 118 patients. The mean age was 57.3±8.2 years (range, 25–72 years). There were 85 men and 33 women, male to female ratio being 2.6:1. Of 118, 15 (13%) had positive DSE and 103 (87%) had negative DSE. Perioperative MACE incidence was 5.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6–12.3%). In predicting MACE, DSE had sensitivity of 5.6% (95% CI, 0.2–29.4%), specificity 86% (95% CI, 77.3–91.9%), positive predictive value 6.7% (95% CI, 0.3–33.4%), and negative predictive value (NPV) 83.5% (95% CI, 74.6–89.8%). Eighteen patients had MACE in first year post OLT (15%, 95% CI, 9.5–23.3%). Adverse events included cardiogenic shock (2/18), systolic HF (2/18), non-ST-elevated MI (7/18), cardiac mortality (3/18), and all-cause mortality (7/18). The overall complication rate of DSE was 17% (20/118). CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort, DSE had a low sensitivity but high NPV in predicting perioperative MACE post OLT. A similar trend was noted for DSE in predicting 1-year MACE post OLT. We reiterate the need of a better screening and risk stratification tool for OLT.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Cohort Studies , Coronary Artery Disease , Dobutamine , Echocardiography, Stress , Heart Failure , Incidence , Liver Transplantation , Liver , Mass Screening , Mortality , Myocardial Infarction , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Shock, CardiogenicABSTRACT
Meralgia paresthetica (MP) is a sensory mononeuropathy, caused by compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) of thigh. Patients refractory to conservative management are treated with various interventional procedures. We report the first use of extended duration (8 minutes) pulsed radiofrequency of the LFCN in a case series of five patients with refractory MP. Four patients had follow up for 1–2 years, and one had 6 months follow up. All patients reported remarkable and long lasting symptom relief and an increase in daily life activities. Three patients came off medications and two patients required minimal doses of neuropathic medications. No complications were observed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Analgesia , Catheter Ablation , Chronic Pain , Follow-Up Studies , Mononeuropathies , Neuralgia , Pain Management , Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment , ThighABSTRACT
Surgery remains the standard treatment for acute cholecystitis except in high-risk candidates where percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PT-GBD), endoscopic transpapillary cystic duct stenting (ET-CDS), and endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) are potential choices. PT-GBD is contraindicated in patients with coagulopathy or ascites and is not preferred by patients owing to aesthetic reasons. ET-CDS is successful only if the cystic duct can be visualized and cannulated. For 189 patients who underwent EUS-GBD via insertion of a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS), the composite technical success rate was 95.2%, which increased to 96.8% when LAMS was combined with co-axial self-expandable metal stent (SEMS). The composite clinical success rate was 96.7%. We observed a small risk of recurrent cholecystitis (5.1%), gastrointestinal bleeding (2.6%) and stent migration (1.1%). Cautery enhanced LAMS significantly decreases the stent deployment time compared to non-cautery enhanced LAMS. Prophylactic placement of a pigtail stent or SEMS through the LAMS avoids re-interventions, particularly in patients, where it is intended to remain in situ indefinitely. Limited evidence suggests that the efficacy of EUS-GBD via LAMS is comparable to that of PT-GBD with the former showing better results in postoperative pain, length of hospitalization, and need for antibiotics. EUS-GBD via LAMS is a safe and efficacious option when performed by experts.