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Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 32(4): 545-556, oct.-dic. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-669102

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La vigencia de las explicaciones cambia con las transiciones demográfica, epidemiológica y nutricional. Objetivo. Establecer la magnitud de inseguridad alimentaria y sus variables asociadas. Materiales y métodos . Se clasificaron 432 hogares mediante cinco métodos; se utilizaron las escalas de percepción de seguridad alimentaria (EPSA), la latinoamericana y caribeña (ELCSA), y otros tres: a) según el consumo usual de energía del jefe del hogar, b) según el consumo usual de energía de todos los miembros, y c) según un algoritmo basado en el consumo y la condición de los menores. Mediante regresión binomial, se establecieron las variables asociadas a la inseguridad alimentaria. Resultados. La inseguridad varió entre 35,9 y 87 %. Según la ELCSA y b), los hogares con menores tienen menor riesgo de inseguridad 0,51 (IC95% 0,25-0,90) y 0,72 (IC95% 0,48-0,96). Según la EPSA y la ELCSA, no pagar los servicios públicos 1,75 (IC95% 1,23-2,28) y que el jefe del hogar declare que no accede a los alimentos 1,48 (IC95% 1,20-1,68), aumentan la inseguridad. Obtener ingresos esporádicamente se asoció con el método a), 1,34 (IC95% 1,04-1,53) y el método b), 1,32 (IC95% 1,03-1,52). Pagar arriendo 1,12 (IC95% 1,01-1,16), el tiempo de permanencia en el municipio 0,59 (IC95% 0,23-0,93) y no contar con alcantarillado 1,13 (IC95% 1,01-1,16), se asociaron a la inseguridad por el método c). Conclusiones. No es pertinente o útil recomendar estos métodos con fines de elaborar la política social.


Introduction. The validity of the explanations change over time according to the state of demographic, epidemiological and nutritional transitions. Objective. Five methods were compared to establish t he magnitude of food insecurity and related variables. Material and methods. Four hundred and thirty-two households in Colombia were classified using five methods, including (1) the scale of perceptions of food safety (EPSA),(2) the Latin American and Caribbean scale (ELCSA), (3) the usual intake of energy from the head of household, (4) the usual consumption of energy of all members of the home, and (5) an algorithm based on consumption and status of children. Binomial regression established variables associated with food insecurity. Results . Insecurity varied between 35.9% and 87.0%. According ELCSA and method 3, households with children have a lower risk of insecurity, 0.51 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.90) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.96). Under the EPSA and ELCSA, increased insecurity is associated with nonpayment of utilities, 1.75 (95% CI: 1.23 to 2.28) and the head of household declared limited access to food, 1.48 (95% CI: 1, 20 to 1.68). Sporadic income was associated with the method 3, 1.34 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.53) and method 4, 1.32 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.52). Paying rent, 1.12 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.16), time spent in the municipality, 0.59 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.93) and not having sewer, 1.13 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.16) were associated with the food insecurity using method 5. Conclusions . Since the country has reliable information that is obtained routinely it is not relevant or useful to use these methods with the purpose of developing social policies.


Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Humans , Food Supply , Nutrition Surveys/methods , Public Policy , Risk Assessment/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Colombia/epidemiology , Developing Countries/economics , Energy Intake , Family Characteristics , Food Supply/economics , Food Supply/statistics & numerical data , Housing/statistics & numerical data , Income/statistics & numerical data , Poverty , Risk Factors , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Sampling Studies , Sanitation/statistics & numerical data , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data
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