Keratinized versus non-keratinized preputial flap onlay urethroplasty: does it make any difference in the histological analysis? An experimental study in rabbits

Purpose To compare the histological characteristics of keratinized versus non-keratinized onlay island flaps in an experimental rabbit model. Materials and Methods Sixteen male rabbits were randomly allocated into two experimental groups: keratinized and non-keratinized onlay island flaps. A defect was created in the ventral aspect of the penile urethra. In the keratinized group, a longitudinal island flap was harvested from the external prepuce and rotated to cover the urethral defect. In the non-keratinized group a transverse island flap was harvested from the inner prepuce. The animals were sacrificed after 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Results The flaps were viable in all animals, and no deaths were associated with the procedure. Two urethrocutaneous fistulas were identified, one in each experimental group. A similar pattern of fibrosis was identified in both groups. The keratinized epithelium of the external prepuce kept its histological aspect and keratin production. Both keratinized and non-keratinized groups presented a slight decrease on the epithelial thickness, however without a statistically significant difference between groups. Conclusions In this short-term rabbit model, we observed that the stratified squamous keratinized epithelium from the external prepuce kept its keratin production. There was no statistical influence of the flap type on the mean epithelial thickness. .

The buccal mucosa fenestrated graft for Bracka first stage urethroplasty: experimental study in rabbits

To histologically evaluate, in an experimental study in rabbits, the integration process of the buccal mucosa fenestrated graft applied in the corpora cavernosa for Bracka first stage urethroplasty.

A urethral defect was surgically created in 16 male rabbits of the New Zealand breed through the excision of the penile urethra. The urethral defect was corrected by applying buccal mucosa fenestrated graft through two cruciform incisions in the distal portions of its longitudinal axis. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post surgery and their genitals were subjected to clinical and histological assessment.

The buccal mucosa fenestrated graft showed complete uptake in all groups, with keratinization squamous metaplasia and mucosal proliferation of the fenestrated areas. The fenestrated graft area represented an increase in length of 25% in length in relation to the original standard graft.

The fenestrated buccal mucosa graft presented total integration to the adjacent epithelia with re-epithelization of the incision areas of the graft (fenestrations) and no significant inflammatory or scarring reactions when compared to other mucosa transplanted areas; therefore its application is viable in cases of extensive urethral defect whenever the donating area might be insufficient. .

Histopathological evaluation of urethroplasty with dorsal buccal mucosa: an experimental study in rabbits

PURPOSE: Buccal mucosa is a widely accepted tissue for urethroplasty. The exact healing and tissue integration process, mainly the histological characteristics of dorsal buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty when used dorsally to reconstruct the urethral plate has not previously been assessed, and thus we developed an experimental model to address this question. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 12 New Zealand rabbits (weight 2.5 kg) we surgically created a dorsal penile urethral defect. A buccal mucosa graft was sutured to the corpora and tunica albuginea, and the ventral urethra anastomosed to this new urethral plate. The animals were divided in three groups and sacrificed 1, 3 and 6 weeks after surgery (groups 1, 2 and 3). A retrograde urethrogram was obtained at autopsy in the last group and the penis analyzed histologically with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's staining. RESULTS: The urethrograms showed no evidence of fistula or stricture. In group 1 the histopathological analysis showed submucosal lymph-mononuclear inflammatory edema, numerous eosinophils and squamous epithelium integrated into the adjacent urothelium. In group 2 there was no evidence of an inflammatory response but rather complete subepithelial hyaline healing, which was more marked in group 3. CONCLUSION: Healing of buccal mucosa grafts to reconstruct the urethral plate can be achieved by total integration of the squamous epithelium with the urothelium, maintaining the original histological properties of the graft with no fibrosis or retraction.

Adenomas hipofisários: relaçäo entre invasividade e índice proliferativo tumoral / Pituitary adenomas: relationship between invasiveness and proliferative cell nuclear index

Analisamos 76 pacientes com adenomas hipofisários do ponto de vista clínico, radiológico e tratamento cirúrgico. Todos os casos foram estudados por imuno-histoquímica e em 49 pacientes foi pesquisado o anticorpo monoclonal PCNA. Os adenomas bi-hormonais foram os mais frequentes seguidos dos prolactinomas e os adenomas näo secretantes. Os adenomas bi-hormonais näo secretantes e os produtores de subunidade alfa foram proporcionalmente mais invasivos pelos critérios radiológicos. A maioria dos pacientes (59) foi operada por via transeptoesfenoidal, em seis casos a via transcraniana foi realizada e em 11 pacientes houve necessidade das duas abordagens. A ressecçäo foi total em 32 pacientes, a maioria em microadenomas, subtotal em 15 e parcial em 29. A complicaçäo endócrina mais frequente foi diabetes insipidus. Houve tendência de associaçäo positiva para os adenomas secretantes e PCNA mais elevado, assim como relaçäo positiva quando analisamos os adenomas invasivos pela tomografia computadorizada ou ressonância magnética e o PCNA 3 e 4. A melhora visual foi observada em 85 por cento dos macroadenomas, mesmo quando a ressecçäo foi parcial ou subtotal

Tumor Phyllodes da mama com transformaçäo osteocondrossarcomatosa / Breast phyllodes tumor with osteochondrosarcomatous transformation

É descrito exemplo raro de osteocondrossarcoma da mama. Säo analisados, inicialmente, os sarcomas da mama, em especial os originários de fibroadenomas, e anotadas, com ênfase, as características citológicas através de punçäo aspirativa e a variaçäo da fosfatase alcalina sérica durante a evoluçäo do caso em apreço

Hemangioendotelioma maligno primário da tiróide: caso 05/95 (RG 763.043 - Hospital Säo Paulo/EPM) / Primary malignant hemangioendothelioma of the thyroid gland: case 05/95 (RG 763.043 - Hospital Säo Paulo/EPM)

Apresentamos um caso de paciente com nódulo na glândula tiróide com 10 meses de evoluçao, de crescimento rápido e indolor. A cintilografia tiroidiana evidenciou a existência de nódulo frio. O resultado da punçao aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF) foi suspeito (classe III). O exame de congelaçao diagnosticou nódulo benigno. No exame anatomopatológico observou-se neoplasia de origem vascular. Foi realizado a impregnaçao pela prata (reticulina) e exames imunohistoquímicos. Os antígenos pesquisados foram a vimentina, a tiroglobulina, a calcitonina, o antígeno carcinoembrionário, a enolase específica, o marcador neuroendócrino, a cromogranina, a citoqueratina AEl AE3 e o fator VIII. O diagnóstico foi definido pela imunodemonstraçao de vimentina, compatível com hemangioendotelioma maligno. O paciente foi novamente operado para complementaçao da tiroidectomia, sendo encaminhado a quimioterapia pós operatória, a qual abandonou no 3( ciclo. Encontra-se no 4( ano de pós operatório livre de doença, com PCI negativa e níveis baixos de tiroglobulina.

Cisto epidérmico de inclusäo gigante da mama: relato de um caso / Giant inclusion epidermic cyst of the breast: report of a case

Um raro caso de cisto epidérmico de inclusäo mamária, de grandes dimensöes, é descrito. A paciente, de 50 anos, apresentava um tumor em quadrante ínfero-medial da mama esquerda, há 10 anos. É feita uma revisäo da literatura, discutindo o quadro clínico, histopatologia e aspectos radiológicos.