ABSTRACT
Aim: To evaluate the position, presence, appearance and extent of various anatomical landmarks in the mandibular interforaminal region of Brazilian patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: A total of 142 CBCT examinations were analyzed to determine the most common location of the mental foramen (MF), the presence and extent of the anterior loop (AL) of the inferior alveolar nerve, and the appearance and length of the incisive canal (IC). The presence of sexual dimorphism and differences with relation to the left and right sides were also evaluated. Results: Most of the MF (45.5%) was located below the second premolar. The AL and the IC were observed in 18.9 and 96.5% of the images respectively. The average length of AL and IC was 3.14±1.25 mm and 13.68±5.94 mm respectively. No significant differences (p>0.05) between genders or left and right sides were observed for all evaluated parameters. Conclusions: The most common location of the MF, the high rate of visualization of the IC and the occasional presence of AL in the studied Brazilian population demonstrate the importance of using three-dimensional images of the mandibular anterior region, allowing proper surgical planning and preventing injury to the neurovascular bundle.
Subject(s)
Surgery, Oral , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Mandible , Mandibular NerveABSTRACT
Estudos recentes mostram que a habilidade de refletir sobre os morfemas que compõem as palavras está associada ao sucesso no reconhecimento e compreensão de palavras, na leitura, e na escrita. Porém, a qualidade das tarefas empregadas para avaliar a consciência morfológica raramente é avaliada. Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade psicométrica de seis tarefas utilizadas para medir a consciência morfológica de crianças no português do Brasil. Adotou-se o método das metades e da consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach). Este coeficiente indica a consistência interna do teste, ou seja, quanto menos variabilidade um mesmo item produz, menos erros ele provoca, indicando assim a precisão do teste. A amostra do estudo constituiu de setenta e uma crianças, sendo 29 crianças alunas do 3º período (classe de alfabetização), 19 crianças alunas da 1ª série e 23 da 2ª série do ensino fundamental. Os resultados mostram que três das tarefas apresentam bons critérios de fidedignidade. Essas tarefas também apresentaram correlações positivas e significativas entre si, sugerindo que apresentam boa validade.
Recent studies show that the ability to reflect upon the morphemes is related to the sucess on recognizing and comprehend words, reading comprehension and spelling. However, the quality of the tasks used to evaluate morphological awareness is seldom tested. This study had the objective of evaluate the psicometric quality of six tasks that are used to measure morphological awareness in Brazilian Portuguese. The method of the halves and internal consistency (alpha Cronbach) were adopted. This coefficient gives the internal consistency of the items of the task, the less variability a item shows, the less erros it produces, indicating, task consistency. The participants in this study were 71 children, 29 were from first grade (literay class), 19 from second grade e 23 from third grade of Primary School. The results show that three of the task had good reliability scores. These same tests presented positive statistic significant coefficients of correlation, suggesting that they had good validity.