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Objective To investigate the infection and genotypes of Wolbachia in common mosquito species in Henan Province, so as to provide insights into management of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods Aedes, Culex and Anopheles samples were collected from cowsheds, sheepfolds and human houses in Puyang, Nanyang City and Xuchang cities of Henan Province from July to September, 2022, and the infection of Wolbachia was detected. The 16S rDNA and wsp genes of Wolbachia were amplified and sequenced. Sequence alignment was performed using the BLAST software, and the obtained 16S rDNA gene sequence was compared with the sequence of the 16S rDNA gene in GenBank database. In addition, the phylogenetic trees were created based on 16S rDNA and wsp gene sequences using the software MEGA 11.0. Results A total 506 female adult mosquitoes were collected from three sampling sites in Nanyang, Xuchang City and Puyang cities from July to September, 2022. The overall detection of Wolbachia was 45.1% (228/506) in mosquitoes, with a higher detection rate in A. albopictus than in Cx. pipiens pallens [97.9% (143/146) vs. 50.6% (85/168); χ2 = 88.064, P < 0.01]. The detection of Wolbachia in Cx. pipiens pallens was higher in Xuchang City (96.8%, 62/64) than in Nanyang (15.6%, 7/45) and Puyang cities (27.1%, 16/59) (χ2 = 89.950, P < 0.01). The homologies of obtained Wolbachia 16S rDNA and wsp gene sequences were 95.3% to 100.0% and 81.7% to 99.8%. Phylogenetic analysis based on wsp gene sequences showed Wolbachia supergroups A and B in mosquito samples, with wAlbA and wMors strains in supergroup A and wPip and wAlbB strains in supergroup B. Wolbachia strain wAlbB infection was detected in A. albopictus in Puyang and Nanyang Cities, while Wolbachia strain wPip infection was identified in A. albopictus in Xuchang City. Wolbachia strain wAlbA infection was detected in Cx. pipiens pallens sampled from three cities, and one Cx. pipiens pallens was found to be infected with Wolbachia strain wMors in Nanyang City. Conclusions Wolbachia infection is commonly prevalent in Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens pallens from Henan Province, and Wolbachia strains wAlbB and wAlbA are predominant in Ae. albopictus, while wPip strain is predominant in Cx. pipiens pallens. This is the first report to present Wolbachia wMors strain infection in Cx. pipiens pallens in Henan Province.
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Objective To understand the prevalence of major human parasitic diseases and related factors in Henan province.Methods This stratified sampling survey was carried out according to the requirement of national survey protocol of major human parasitic diseases,2014-2015.The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths infection,taeniasis and intestinal protozoiasis were surveyed in 104 sites selected from 35 counties (districts) and the prevalence of clonorchiasis was surveyed in 62 sites selected from 37 townships.In each survey spot,250 persons were surveyed.A total of 26 866 persons and 15 893 persons were surveyed.Modified Kato-Katz thick smear was used to detect the eggs of intestinal helminthes.Tube fecal culture was used to identify the species of hookworm.The Enterobius eggs were detected in children aged 3 to 6 years by using adhesive tape.The cyst and trophozoite of intestinal protozoa were examined with physiological saline direct smear method and iodine stain method.Results The overall infestation rate of intestinal parasites was 2.02％ in Henan,and the worm infection rate was higher than protozoa infection rate.Fourteen kinds of intestinal parasites were found,including nematode (5 species),trematode (2 species),and protozoan (7 species).The infection rate of Enterobius vermicularis was highest,and Qinba Mountain ecological area had the highest infestation rate of intestinal parasites in 4 ecological areas of Henan.There was no significant difference in intestinal parasite infection rote between males and females (x2=3.630,P=0.057),and the differences in intestinal parasite infection rate among different age groups had significance (x2=124.783,P=0.000 1).The infection rate reached the peak in age group ≤9 years and the major parasite was Enterobius vermicularis.Furthermore the overall human infection rate of parasite showed a downward trend with the increase of educational level of the people (x2=70.969,P=0.000 1),the differences had significance (x2=120.118,P=0.000 1).For different populations,the infection rate of intestinal parasites was highest among preschool children.The infection of intestinal helminth was mainly mild,only 2 severe cases were detected.The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis in urban residents was only 0.006％.Logistic regression analysis showed that being preschool children (x2=15.765,P=0.000 1) and drinking well water (X2=45.589,P=0.000 1) were the risk factors for intestinal parasite infection,and annual income per capita of farmers was the protective factor against intestinal parasite infection.The infection rates of protozoa and intestinal parasites decreased sharply compared with the results of previous two surveys,and the rate of intestinal helminth infection also dropped sharply compared with the second survey.The numbers of protozoa,helminth and intestinal parasites detected in this survey were all less than the numbers found in the previous two surveys.Conclusions Compared the results of three surveys in Henan,the infection rate of protozoa and intestinal parasites showed a downward trend.The prevention and treatment of Enterobius vermicularis infection in children should be the key point of parasitic disease control in the future.
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Objective To understand the prevalence of major human parasitic diseases and related factors in Henan province.Methods This stratified sampling survey was carried out according to the requirement of national survey protocol of major human parasitic diseases,2014-2015.The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths infection,taeniasis and intestinal protozoiasis were surveyed in 104 sites selected from 35 counties (districts) and the prevalence of clonorchiasis was surveyed in 62 sites selected from 37 townships.In each survey spot,250 persons were surveyed.A total of 26 866 persons and 15 893 persons were surveyed.Modified Kato-Katz thick smear was used to detect the eggs of intestinal helminthes.Tube fecal culture was used to identify the species of hookworm.The Enterobius eggs were detected in children aged 3 to 6 years by using adhesive tape.The cyst and trophozoite of intestinal protozoa were examined with physiological saline direct smear method and iodine stain method.Results The overall infestation rate of intestinal parasites was 2.02％ in Henan,and the worm infection rate was higher than protozoa infection rate.Fourteen kinds of intestinal parasites were found,including nematode (5 species),trematode (2 species),and protozoan (7 species).The infection rate of Enterobius vermicularis was highest,and Qinba Mountain ecological area had the highest infestation rate of intestinal parasites in 4 ecological areas of Henan.There was no significant difference in intestinal parasite infection rote between males and females (x2=3.630,P=0.057),and the differences in intestinal parasite infection rate among different age groups had significance (x2=124.783,P=0.000 1).The infection rate reached the peak in age group ≤9 years and the major parasite was Enterobius vermicularis.Furthermore the overall human infection rate of parasite showed a downward trend with the increase of educational level of the people (x2=70.969,P=0.000 1),the differences had significance (x2=120.118,P=0.000 1).For different populations,the infection rate of intestinal parasites was highest among preschool children.The infection of intestinal helminth was mainly mild,only 2 severe cases were detected.The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis in urban residents was only 0.006％.Logistic regression analysis showed that being preschool children (x2=15.765,P=0.000 1) and drinking well water (X2=45.589,P=0.000 1) were the risk factors for intestinal parasite infection,and annual income per capita of farmers was the protective factor against intestinal parasite infection.The infection rates of protozoa and intestinal parasites decreased sharply compared with the results of previous two surveys,and the rate of intestinal helminth infection also dropped sharply compared with the second survey.The numbers of protozoa,helminth and intestinal parasites detected in this survey were all less than the numbers found in the previous two surveys.Conclusions Compared the results of three surveys in Henan,the infection rate of protozoa and intestinal parasites showed a downward trend.The prevention and treatment of Enterobius vermicularis infection in children should be the key point of parasitic disease control in the future.
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Objective To investigate the clinical features,radiology,diagnosis and treatment of postkidney-transplant pulmonary mucormycosis.Method Three cases of post-kidney-transplant pulmonary mucormycosis were successfully diagnosed by histopathologic examinations.The clinical features of the cases were analyzed.The patients consisted of 2 males and 1 female,aged 39 to 54 yearn All patients were subjected to renal transplantation due to uremia,one was complicated with with diabetes,and pulmonary mucormycosis occurred 6 months,2 years and 6 years after kidney transplant respectively.Fever,cough,bloody sputum and chest pain were the main clinical manifestations.Multiple irregular massive or diffuse infiltrates in the lungs were the early CT findings.In a shoot time,multiple thick-walled cavities occurred in the pulmonary lesions.Pleural effusion was found in one patient.The lung specimens of patients were obtained by CT-guided percutaneous biopsy.Result The first patiem was cured after one year therapy by hraconazole,but recurred after 8 months.The second patient had a marked effect after a 21-day therapy by Itraconazole,but died of disseminated mucor for excessive immunosuppressant against the renal transplantation rejection.The third patient also had a marked effect,and was still in follow up.Condusion The post-kidney-transplant pulmonary mucormycosis is difficult in diagnosis and treatment.CT-guided percutaneous biopsy is one of effective ways for diagnosis.Itraconazole appears to be effective in treatment of pulmonary mucormycosis.Early diagnosis and an appropriate immune ftmction are the keys to improve prognosis and reduce recurrence
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OBJECTIVE To understand the relevant factors of nosocomial infection of inpatients in order to provide the evidence for taking measures to prevent and control the infection effectively.METHODS A retrospective survey was carried out on 10059 cases of hospitalized patients during Jan and Dec of 2008.RESULTS The nosocomial infection rate of hospitalized patients in this period was 4.3%(437/10059).The high risk infected rates were respectively as follows:24.9% in the Blood Department,15.1 % in the Tumor Department;The infection site were respiratory tract(59.3%),urinary tract(14.3%);The main pathogens were Gram negative bacteria(40.7%),fungus infection(25.4%);The risk factors mainly were usage of antibiotic drugs(40.7%),and underlying diseases of tumor(16.2%).CONCLUSIONS The effective measures for reducing the incidence of nosocomial infection should be taken.More attention should be paid on the risk factors.