ABSTRACT
Las malformaciones cavernomatosas (MC) son hamartomas vasculares de aspecto mamelonado, inicialmente descritos por Virchow, que son consideradas la malformación vascular más frecuente, después de las anomalías del desarrollo venoso, con una prevalencia de 0,5-0,7 porciento en la población general, sin predilección entre géneros. Se presentan con un amplio comportamiento dinámico en las imágenes dado su diverso grado de crecimiento, la posible regresión, la formación de novo y el riesgo de sangrado. En estas circunstancias, la resonancia magnética (RM), especialmente las potenciaciones en T2 gradiente (T2GRE) y susceptibilidad (SWI), cobran gran importancia en su búsqueda y seguimiento. Se revisa y actualiza su epidemiología y patología; además se presentan sus diversas ubicaciones y características, de tal forma que su diagnóstico no sea complejo.
Cavernomatous malformations (CM) are mamelonated vascular hamartomas, initially described by Virchow, which are considered the most common vascular malformation after developmental venous anomalies, with a prevalence of 0.5-0.7% in the overall population, without gender predilection. In imaging they show a broad range of dynamic behavior given their different levels of growth, possible regression, de novo formation and the risk of bleeding. In these circumstances, magnetic res onance imaging (MRI), especially T2 gradient echo sequence (T2GRE) and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), become very important for the detection and follow-up/monitoring of CM.This article reviews and updates the epidemiological and pathological features of CM; as well as presenting its various locations and characteristics, so that the diagnosis is not complicateD.
Subject(s)
Humans , Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/classification , Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/etiologyABSTRACT
An unusual number of cases of rhomb encephalitis have occurred in Chile because of the increased frequency of infections caused by Listeria monocytogenes. We report three females aged 36, 40 and 55 years, with the disease. All presented with a prodrome characterized by headache, nausea, vomiting and fever, followed by ataxia and unilateral palsies of the third, seventh and twelfth cranial nerves. One patient presented also a hemi-hypoesthesia. Magnetic resonance showed lesions in the posterior aspect of the brain stem, specifically in relation to the floor of the fourth ventricle. Blood cultures were positive for Listeria monocytogenes.