ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and cosmetic outcome of two methods of immediate breast reconstruction and modified radical mastectomy for the patients with breast cancer after breast cancer surgery. Methods The clinical data of 95 patients with early breast cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University from October 2014 to September 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into latissimus dorsi combined with implants group (27 cases), titanium-coated polypropylene mesh combined with implants group (18 cases) and modified radical group (50 cases). The differences of surgical data, postoperative complications and quality of life were compared in the three groups. The postoperative cosmetic effect of two immediate reconstruction groups was observed. Results The differences of drainage duration and intraoperative blood loss in the three groups were not statistically significant (both P > 0.05). There were statistical differences in the hospital stay and the postoperative quality of life score (both P < 0.01). The incidence of postoperative complications in latissimus dorsi combined with implants group, the titanium-coated polypropylene mesh combined with implants group and the modified radical group was 48.1％ (13/27), 22.2％ (4/18) and 12.0％ (6/50), respectively. And the difference between latissimus dorsi combined with implants group and the modified radical surgery group was statistically significant (χ 2 = 12.33, P < 0.01). The good rate of cosmetic effect in titanium-coated polypropylene mesh group was higher than that in latissimus dorsi combined with implants group, and there was no statistically significant difference [83.3％ (15/18) vs. 81.5％ (22/27), χ 2 = 0.025, P > 0.05]. Conclusions Immediate breast reconstruction including latissimus dorsi combined with implants or titanium-coated polypropylene mesh combined with implants after radical mastectomy on the basis of indications can improve the quality of life and the cosmetic results of patients, but postoperative treatment is necessary for the increased complications after the two reconstruction methods.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of Nogo receptor on the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) in di-abetic rats, and the potential mechanism thereof. Methods Thirty diabetic model rats were induced by intraperitoneal ad-ministration of streptozotocin. Model rats were randomly divided into control group, diabetes mellitus (DM) group, siNgR group and siRNA control group (n=10 for each group). Diabetic rats in siNgR group were intravitreally administrated with No-go receptor antisense nucleotide. Diabetic rats in siRNA control group were intravitreally administrated with negative nucleo-tide. One month after diabetes onset, colocalization of Nogo receptor and Brn3a (marker of RGC) was observed by immunohis-tochemistry. The apoptosis of RGC was detected by TUNEL staining. The level of retinal malondialdehyde (MDA) was ob-served with kit, and the expressions of Nogo receptor and caspase-3 were detected with Western blot assay. Results It was found that the Nogo receptor was highly expressed in RGC. The levels of retinal MDA were (3.68±0.47), (8.07±1.24), (7.54± 1.53) and (5.12 ± 0.62) μmol/g protein for control group, DM group, siRNA control group and siNgR group. The apoptotic rates of RGC were (5.1 ± 0.2)%, (49.3 ± 2.7)%, (45.6 ± 1.8)%and (12.4 ± 0.6)%respectively. The expressions of Nogo receptor were (0.18 ± 0.07)%, (0.45 ± 0.12)%, (0.40 ± 0.09)%and (0.16 ± 0.09)%. The expressions of caspase-3 were (0.16 ± 0.05)%, (0.40±0.18)%, (0.42±0.12)%and (0.17±0.08)%. Compared with control group, there was significant increase in apoptosis of RGC, significantly up-regulated expressions in Nogo receptor and caspase-3, and significantly increased level of MDA in DM group and siRNA control group(P<0.05). Compared with DM group, there were decreased apoptotic rate of RGC, de-creased expressions of Nogo receptor and caspase-3, and decreased level of retinal MDA in siNgR group (P<0.05). Conclu-sion The increased level of Nogo receptor induces oxidative stress and up-regulation of caspase-3 in diabetic retina, play-ing an important role in the apoptosis of RGC.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore protective effects and potential underlying mechanisms of panax notoginseng (PTS) on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) in diabetic rats. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into control group, diabetic group and treatment group. The diabetic model rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Rats were giv-en PTS 50 mg·kg-1·d-1 in treatment group. One month later, the coexistence of nogo receptor and Brn3a (special marker of RGC) was observed by immunofluorescence staining double-labeled method. The expression of Nogo receptor was detected by Western blot assay. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in retina was measured with detection kit. HE-staining was in-troduced to reveal the number of retinal RGC. Results A large number of Brn3a and Nogo receptors were co-existed in the retina. The Nogo receptor was exclusively expressed in RGC, which was up regulated in diabetic group compared with that of control group. The level of retinal MDA was increased and the number of RGC decreased in diabetic group than that of con-trol group (P＜0.001). Compared with diabetic group, there were decreased retina Nogo receptor, decreased level of MDA and increased number of RGC in treatment group (P＜0.001). Conclusion PTS attenuates diabetes-induced loss of RGC, which may ascribe for down-regulation of retina Nogo receptor and decreased oxidative stress.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: It is of significance for looking for ideal pharmaceutical dosage form and administration route to make sure direct action in local region, improve selection of high-concentration drug to local target tissue, prolong drug action, and prevent local recurrence of breast cancer. OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical safety of fluorouracil implants for modified radical mastectomy, and investigate the new way to prevent the local recurrence of breast cancer. METHODS: A total of 63 cases with breast cancer treated by modified radical mastectomy in TNM stage of Ⅰ + Ⅱ (n=35) and Ⅲ(n=28) were randomly divided into control group (n=31) and implant group (n=32). Fluorouracil implants (600 mg in total, less than 100 mg at each site) were multiple-implanted below the tumor and in the armpits, subclavian vascular region, and axillary vascular area, so as to observe the incision infection or dehiscence, the subcutaneous fluid volume after 8 days, flap necrosis, limb edema, stitches days, WBC, RBC, hepatic and renal function. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The differences in the incision infection or dehiscence, the subcutaneous fluid volume after 5 days, flap necrosis, limb edema, stitches days, and RBC between two groups were not significantly. Levels of WBC, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and creatinine were significantly increased after operation compared with before operation (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05), suggesting that the method of implanting sustained-release fluorouracil for modified radical mastectomy was safe, and it might become an effective way to local chemotherapy for breast cancer postoperatively.