ABSTRACT
Objectives: Delayed healing and non-union of fractures have a significant effect upon patient morbidity. Studies have therefore largely concentrated on accelerating fracture healing. This study was intended to compare the effect of ''mad honey'' and propolis on fracture healing using radiological and histopathological analysis
Subjects and Methods: Femur fracture was surgically performed on 48 rats, followed by fixation. Animals were then divided into 8 groups: 2 control groups [15- and 30-day] and 6 treatment groups [15- and 30-day normal honey, 15- and 30-day ''mad honey'' and 15- and 30-day propolis]. Rats were sacrificed at the end of these periods, and radiological and histological examinations were performed
Results: Radiological healing in the propolis group after 15-day therapy was statistically better than in the control [p = 0.004] and normal honey [p = 0.006] groups. After 30-day therapy, healing in the propolis group [p = 0.005] and grayanotoxin-containing ''mad honey'' group [p = 0.007] were significantly better than in the control group. Histologically, there was a statistically significant difference between the 15-day propolis group and the other groups [control, honey, mad honey: p = 0.003, p = 0.003, and p = 0.002, respectively]. We also found a statistically significant difference when the 30-day propolis group [p = 0.005] and ''mad honey'' group [p = 0.007] were compared to the control group
Conclusions: This study shows that grayanotoxin-containing mad honey and propolis can accelerate fracture healing
ABSTRACT
Effects of calcium channel blocker flunarizine on spinal monosynaptic reflexes were investigated in spinal cats. Flunarizine was administered locally into the spinal cord (10, 50, 100 microM) and intraperitoneally (5, 10, 20 mg/kg). Adult cats (n = 10), weighing 1.5-3 kg were anesthetized with ketamine (50 mg/kg, i.m.) and artificially ventilated. Animals were spinalized at C1 level. A laminectomy was performed in the lumbosacral region. The ventral and dorsal roots of segment L5 were isolated and a pouch of skin was formed at the site of the dissection to allow the exposed tissues to be covered with liquid paraffin. The temperature was kept at 38.5 degrees C with a heating pad. A polyethylene cannula was introduced into the left carotid artery to monitor blood pressure, which was kept above 100 mmHg. The dorsal root of segment L5 was placed on a silver-silver chloride wire electrode for stimulation through an isolation unit. The reflex potentials were recorded from the ipsilateral L5 ventral root, mounted on a silver-silver chloride wire electrode. The systemic (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) and local (50 and 100 microM) dosages of cinnarizin derivative flunarizine significantly decreased the amplitude of reflex response (p < 0.05). Moreover, the latency of the monosynaptic reflexes was increased after administration of the drug (p < 0.05). Voltage-dependent calcium channels in the spinal cord may play an important role to regulate reflex respond.