Study on preventive and therapeutic effect of Tongbu-fangchan prescription on Ach-CaCl / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore he preventive and therapeutic effects of Tongbu-fangchan prescription on aceylcholine-calcium chloride (Ach-CaCl

Application of intermittent flap opening in L-shaped surgical incision of calcaneal fracture / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore clinical effect of intermittent flap opening technique in L-shaped incision of calcaneal fracture.@*METHODS@#From January 2017 to January 2019, 48 patients with Sanders typeⅡ to Ⅳ calcaneal fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. According to different flap opening techniques, the patients were divided into control group and observation group, 24 patients in each group. In observation group, there were 17 males and 7 females, aged from 20 to 60 years old with an average of(45.12±9.56) years old;7 patients were typeⅡ, 10 patients were type Ⅲ and 7 patients were type Ⅳ according to Sanders classification;3 patients were C0, 16 patients were C1 and 5 patients were C2 according to Tscherne-Gotzen soft-tissue assessment;treated with intermittent flap technique. In control group, there were 19 males and 5 females aged from 20 to 60 years old with an average of (47.32±10.67) years old;7 patients were typeⅡ, 11 patients were type Ⅲ and 6 patients were type Ⅳ according to Sanders classification;2 patients were C0, 18 patients were C1 and 4 patients were C2 according to Tschemc-Gotzen soft-tissue assessment;treated with static flap opening technique. Operation time, flap retraction time, changes of Böhler angle and Gissane angle before and after operation at 3 days, and occurrence of incision complications were observed and compared between two groups.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up from 3 to 6 months with an average of(4.52±1.01) months. There were no significant differences in operation time, changes of Böhler angle and Gissane angle before and after operation at 3 days between the two groups(P>0.05);there was statistical difference in flap retraction time between two groups(P<0.05). Occurrence of incision complications in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Intermittent flap opening technique is superior to static opening technique in reducing incision complications of lateral "L" approach of calcaneus. Single Kirschner wire opening does not affect the exposure, reduction and fixation of fracture during operation.

Effects of interleukin-4-modified gold nanozymes on the full-thickness skin defects in diabetic mice / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanism of interleukin-4-modified gold nanoparticle (IL-4-AuNP) on the wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in diabetic mice. Methods: Experimental research methods were adopted. Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) and IL-4-AuNP were synthesized by improving the methods described in published literature. The morphology of those two particles were photographed by transmission electron microscopy, and their particle sizes were calculated. The surface potential and hydration particle size of the two particles were detected by nanoparticle potentiometer and particle size analyzer, respectively. The clearance rate of IL-4-AuNP to hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion was measured by hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion kits, respectively. Mouse fibroblast line 3T3 cells were used and divided into the following groups by the random number table (the same below): blank control group, hydrogen peroxide alone group treated with hydrogen peroxide only, hydrogen peroxide+IL-4-AuNP group treated with IL-4-AuNP for 0.5 h and then treated with hydrogen peroxide. After 24 h of culture, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of cells were detected by immunofluorescence method; cell count kit 8 was used to detect relative cell survival rate. The macrophage Raw264.7 mouse cells were then used and divided into blank control group and IL-4-AuNP group that treated with IL-4-AuNP. After 24 h of culture, the expression of arginase 1 (Arg-1) in cells was observed by immunofluorescence method. Twelve male BALB/c mice (mouse age, sex, and strain, the same below) aged 8 to 10 weeks were divided into IL-4-AuNP group and blank control group, treated accordingly. On the 16th day of treatment, whole blood samples were collected from mice for analysis of white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin level, or platelet count and the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), urea, or creatinine. The inflammation, bleeding, or necrosis in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney tissue of mice were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Another 36 mice were selected to make diabetic model, and the full-thickness skin defect wounds were made on the back of these mice. The wounds were divided into blank control group, AuNP alone group, and IL-4-AuNP group, with 12 mice in each group, and treated accordingly. On the 0 (immediately), 4th, 9th, and 15th day of treatment, the wound condition was observed and the wound area was calculated. On the 9th day of treatment, HE staining was used to detect the length of neonatal epithelium and the thickness of granulation tissue in the wound. On the 15th day of treatment, immunofluorescence method was used to detect ROS level and the number of Arg-1 positive cells in the wound tissue. The number of samples was 6 in all cases. Data were statistically analyzed with independent sample t test, corrected t test, Tukey test, or Dunnett T3 test. Results: The size of prepared AuNP and IL-4-AuNP were uniform. The particle size, surface potential, and hydration particle size of AuNP and IL-4-AuNP were (13.0±2.1) and (13.9±2.5) nm, (-45.8±3.2) and (-20.3±2.2) mV, (14±3) and (16±4) nm, respectively. For IL-4-AuNP, the clearance rate to hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion were (69±4)% and (52±5)%, respectively. After 24 h of culture, the ROS level of 3T3 in hydrogen peroxide alone group was significantly higher than that in blank control group (q=26.12, P<0.05); the ROS level of hydrogen peroxide+IL-4-AuNP group was significantly lower than that in hydrogen peroxide alone group (q=25.12, P<0.05) and close to that in blank control group (P>0.05). After 24 h of culture, the relative survival rate of 3T3 cells in hydrogen peroxide+IL-4-AuNP group was significantly higher than that in hydrogen peroxide alone group (t=51.44, P<0.05). After 24 h of culture, Arg-1 expression of Raw264.7 cells in IL-4-AuNP group was significantly higher than that in blank control group (t'=8.83, P<0.05).On the 16th day of treatment, there were no significant statistically differences in WBC, RBC, hemoglobin level, or platelet count and the level of AST, ALT, urea, or creatinine of mice between blank control group and IL-4-AuNP group (P>0.05). No obvious inflammation, bleeding or necrosis was observed in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney of important organs in IL-4-AuNP group, and no significant changes were observed compared with blank control group. On the 0 and 4th day of treatment, the wound area of diabetic mice in blank control group, AuNP alone group, and IL-4-AuNP group had no significant difference (P>0.05). On the 9th day of treatment, the wound areas both in AuNP alone group and IL-4-AuNP group were significantly smaller than that in blank control group (with q values of 9.45 and 14.87, respectively, P<0.05), the wound area in IL-4-AuNP group was significantly smaller than that in AuNP alone group (q=5.42, P<0.05). On the 15th day of treatment, the wound areas both in AuNP alone group and IL-4-AuNP group were significantly smaller than that in blank control group (with q values of 4.84 and 20.64, respectively, P<0.05), the wound area in IL-4-AuNP group was significantly smaller than that in AuNP alone group (q=15.80, P<0.05); moreover, inflammations such as redness and swelling were significantly reduced in IL-4-AuNP group compared with the other two groups. On the 9th day of treatment, compared with blank control group and AuNP alone group, the length of neonatal epithelium in the wound of diabetic mice in IL-4-AuNP group was significantly longer (all P<0.05), and the thickness of the granulation tissue in the wound was significantly increased (with q values of 11.33 and 9.65, respectively, all P<0.05). On the 15th day of treatment, compared with blank control group, ROS levels in wound tissue of diabetic mice in AuNP alone group and IL-4-AuNP group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). On the 15th day of treatment, the number of Arg-1 positive cells in the wounds of diabetic mice in IL-4-AuNP group was significantly more than that in blank control group and AuNP alone group, respectively (all P<0.05). Conclusions: IL-4-AuNP is safe in vivo, and can improve the oxidative microenvironment by removing ROS and induce macrophage polarization towards M2 phenotype, thus promote efficient diabetic wound healing and regeneration of full-thickness skin defects in diabetic mice.

Efficacy of drug coated balloon versus conventional balloon in the treatment of coronary de novo bifurcation lesions: a meta-analysis / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy of drug coated balloon (DCB) versus conventional balloon in the treatment of coronary de novo bifurcation lesions. Methods: The databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of science, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang database, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, Chinese clinical trial registry, American clinical trial registry and cardiovascular related websites until September 2020 were retrieved for collecting the randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing DCB versus conventional balloon in the treatment of coronary de novo bifurcation lesions. The risk of bias of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk assessment tool. The meta-analysis was performed by using Revman 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software. Results: Seven RCTs with a total of 613 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Among the included studies, 4 articles reached the low risk of bias, and the other 3 articles reached the medium risk of bias. The results of meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the major adverse cardiac events (RR=0.65, 95%CI 0.39-1.08, P=0.10), myocardial infarction (RR=0.68, 95%CI 0.25-1.80, P=0.43), target lesion revascularization (RR=0.94, 95%CI 0.53-1.67, P=0.83) between DCB group and conventional balloon group. Late lumen loss of side branch was less in the DCB group than that in the conventional balloon group (WMD=-0.25, 95%CI -0.41--0.09, P<0.01) and the risk of side branch restenosis was also lower in the DCB group than that in the conventional balloon group (RR=0.47, 95%CI 0.22-0.98, P<0.05). However, subgroup analysis showed that the conclusions of domestic studies and foreign studies on late lumen loss and side branch restenosis were inconsistent. The meta-analysis based on domestic literature showed that the risk of side branch restenosis after DCB treatment was lower compared with conventional balloon group (RR=0.29, 95%CI 0.15-0.57, P<0.05), while this parameter derived from foreign literatures remained unchanged between two groups (P=0.53). The meta-analysis results of domestic literature showed that late lumen loss in DCB group was less than that in conventional balloon group (WMD=-0.32, 95%CI -0.51--0.13, P<0.05), but this phenomenon was not observed in foreign literatures (P=0.30). Conclusions: The use of DCB in the treatment of coronary de novo bifurcation lesions has the potential to reduce the rate of restenosis and late lumen loss of side branch compared with conventional balloon group. However, due to the limitation on quantity, quality and results of published studies, more high-quality and large scale RCTs are still needed to confirm these findings.

Application of Dynamic Monitoring of Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the value of clinical monitoring of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (SctO2) for severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). Methods:From December, 2017 to January, 2019, 33 patients with sTBI within 24 hours were monitored SctO2, intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) with near-infrared spectroscopyonce per six hours for seven days. They were assessed with Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) at admission and Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) six months after injury. Results:SctO2 was the lowest on the third day of monitoring, and then increased gradually. SctO2 negatevely correlated with ICP (r < -0.857, P < 0.001), and positively correlated with GCS, CPP and GOS (r > 0.697, P < 0.05). Conclusion:SctO2 monitoring is valuable after sTBI to identify the secondary injuries and severity of injuries, and predict the outcome partly.

Study on active components of Fufang Huangbai Ye for diabetic foot treatment by UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS and network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

Chemical constituents of the Fufang Huangbai Ye( FFHB) were analyzed and identified by UPLC-ESI-LTQ-OrbitrapMS. The analysis was performed on an Waters HSS T3 reverse phase column( 2. 1 mm×100 mm,1. 8 μm). The mobile phase consisting of 0. 1% aqueous formic acid( A) and acetonitrile( B) was used with gradient elution,and the flow rate was 0. 3 mL·min~(-1).Based on the information of the accurate mass,the multistage fragment ions,the mass spectrometric data of the standard substance and the relative reference literature,the structure of the chemical constituents in FFHB were identified. Based on the identified compounds,network pharmacology study,including target prediction,functional enrichment,and molecular docking was applied to screen out the main active substances for treatment of diabetes foot and explore the potential mechanism. The results showed that a total of 138 compounds were identified,including 28 alkaloids,16 flavonoids,11 phenylethanoid glycosides,9 cycloolefins,11 cyclohexylethanol derivatives,28 phenolic acids and derivatives,3 lignans,4 terpenes,28 volatile oils and the others. Further,36 active substances for diabetes foot were screened out,and the functional enrichment showed the potential mechanism of FFHB were mainly seven functional items including inflammatory response,growth factor activity. This study combining the UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS technology and the network pharmacology provide a useful reference and basis for active compounds,quality control markers and the pharmacological mechanism of FFHB for diabetic foot treatment.

Application value of Revolution CT combining three-dimensional visualization technique in precision resection of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To explore the application value of Revolution CT combining three -dimensional visualization technique in the precision resection of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Methods Totally 12 patients with surgical treatment and pathologically confirmed hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients underwent the Revolution CT plain and enhancement scan before surgery, and the 0.625 millimeter scan data were obtained. The DICOM format data were imported into MI-3DVS for three-dimensional reconstruction, simulated cutting, volume measurement, and surgical planning. Results The data of 12 patients were reconstructed successfully, and the sizes and locations of the lesions as well as the hepatic vascular systems were clearly displayed. The liver volume, hydatid volume, simulated resection volume, and residual liver ratio were measured accurately. The average whole liver volume and the lesion volume of the 11 surgical treated patients were (2 429.8 ± 335.9) mL and (919.6 ± 262.8) mL respectively. The average actually removed volume was highly associated with the average simulated resection volume (r = 0.979, P < 0.01). Conclusion Revolution CT combining three-dimensional visualization technique can achieve accurate diagnosis as well as optimal surgical planning before operation, which is of great value for the precision resection of difficult hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.

Application value of Revolution CT combining three-dimensional visualization technique in precision resection of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To explore the application value of Revolution CT combining three -dimensional visualization technique in the precision resection of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Methods Totally 12 patients with surgical treatment and pathologically confirmed hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients underwent the Revolution CT plain and enhancement scan before surgery, and the 0.625 millimeter scan data were obtained. The DICOM format data were imported into MI-3DVS for three-dimensional reconstruction, simulated cutting, volume measurement, and surgical planning. Results The data of 12 patients were reconstructed successfully, and the sizes and locations of the lesions as well as the hepatic vascular systems were clearly displayed. The liver volume, hydatid volume, simulated resection volume, and residual liver ratio were measured accurately. The average whole liver volume and the lesion volume of the 11 surgical treated patients were (2 429.8 ± 335.9) mL and (919.6 ± 262.8) mL respectively. The average actually removed volume was highly associated with the average simulated resection volume (r = 0.979, P < 0.01). Conclusion Revolution CT combining three-dimensional visualization technique can achieve accurate diagnosis as well as optimal surgical planning before operation, which is of great value for the precision resection of difficult hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.

Effects of METH on mitochondrial membrane potrntial, ultrastaucture and expression of Mfnl and Fisl protein in SH-SY5Y cells cultured in vitro / 中国药理学通报

Aim To evaluate the influence of METH on MMP, mitochondrial ultrastructure, and the expression levels of mitochondrial proteins, Mfnland Fisl, in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells in vitro. Methods A stable and feasible culture method of SH-SY5Y cells in vitro was established with different concentrations of METH(0. 0, 1. 0, 1. 5 and 2. 0 mmol L-1), and for various periods of exposure for 3, 6, 12, 24 h, the MMP of SH-SY5Y cells was stained by MMP assay kit (JC-1) , the mitochondrial ultrastructure of SH-SY5Y cells exposed to METH was observed by transmission electron microscope, and the expression levels of Mfnl and Fisl proteins were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with control group for various periods of exposure(3,6,12,24 h), the red/green fluorescence ratios of MMP and the expression levels of Mfn1 protein decreased significantly in METH groups (P<0. 05) , while the expression levels of Fisl pro-tein increased significantly (P <0.05). SH-SY5Y cells were treated with METH for 24 h prior to observation under transmission electron microscope ( TEM ). The mitochondria of SH-SY5Y cells in unprocessed group showed the oval, rodlike and double-layer membrane structure, along with clear normal mitochondrial cristae. However, the oval and rodlike structure of mitochondria in SH-SY5Y cells of METH treatment groups had been split into small ball structures. Moreover , mitochondrial autophagosome and autophagic iyso-some could also be found. Conclusions METH could induce a decrease in MMP, mitochondrial ultrastruc-tural changes, and changes in the expression levels of Mfnl and Fisl in SH-SY5Y cells, which might be associated with nerve cell damage caused by METH.

Effect of comprehensive prehospital management on patients with emergency trauma treatment / 预防医学

Objective To study the effect of comprehensive prehospital management for patients with emergency trauma treatment. Methods Fifty emergency patients who were admitted to the emergency department were investigated respectively before and after the implementation of the comprehensive prehospital management of the people's hospital of Gaozhou City, with the service satisfaction questionnaire, the Anxiety Self-assessment Scale (SAS) and the Depression Self-rating Scale (SDS) . The time of admission, first aid time, emergency treatment effect, satisfaction and mental status change of the two groups were compared. Results There was no statistically significant difference in age, gender, cause of injury and distribution of injury in the two groups (P>0.05) . The admission time and first aid time of the patients in the observation group respectively were (15.6±4.2) and (33.5±8.4) minutes, which were shorter than the control group of (24.3±5.0) and (60.5±10.2) minutes (P<0.05) . The emergency effect and satisfaction of the observation group were superior to the control group (P<0.05) . The difference between SAS and SDS scores in the observation group was 21.3 ±3.4 and 20.4±3.1, both of them were higher than the control group (12.1±2.7 and 12.8±2.5) (P<0.05) . Conclusion The comprehensive pre-hospital management can shorten the time of admission and first aid, and effectively improve the clinical treatment effect and satisfaction of emergency trauma patients.

Infantile hypophosphatasia caused by a novel compound heterozygous mutation: a case report and pedigree analysis / 中国当代儿科杂志

This article reported the clinical features of one child with infantile hypophosphatasia (HPP) and his pedigree information. The proband was a 5-month-old boy with multiple skeletal dysplasia (koilosternia, bending deformity of both radii, and knock-knee deformity of both knees), feeding difficulty, reduction in body weight, developmental delay, recurrent pneumonia and respiratory failure, and a significant reduction in blood alkaline phosphatase. Among his parents, sister, uncle, and aunt (other family members did not cooperate with us in the examination), his parents and aunt had a slight reduction in alkaline phosphatase and his aunt had scoliosis; there were no other clinical phenotypes or abnormal laboratory testing results. His ALPL gene mutation came from c.228delG mutation in his mother and c.407G>A compound heterozygous mutation in his father. His aunt carried c.228delG mutation. The c.407G>A mutation had been reported as the pathogenic mutation of HPP, and c.228delG mutation was a novel pathogenic mutation. Hypophosphatasia is caused by ALPL gene mutation, and ALPL gene detection is an effective diagnostic method. This study expands the mutation spectrum of ALPL gene and provides a theoretical basis for genetic diagnosis of this disease.

Clinical observation of compound lidocaine cream in the removal of laryngeal mask airway under general anesthesia in the supine position / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of compound lidocaine cream in the supine position of the department of orthopedics under general anesthesia of laryngeal mask airway. Methods 100 cases of laryngeal mask intubation under general anesthesia for department of orthopedics supine internal fixation surgery patients as the research object, are in our hospital from February 2016 to February 2017 were randomly divided into liquid, paraffin oil lubrication for anesthesia (control group, n = 50) with compound lidocaine anesthesia for emulsion lubrication (observation group, n = 50) contrast effect. Results Compared with the control group, the 0-3 stage agitation rate, language instruction satisfaction, laryngeal mask extraction time and complications were better in the observation group (P<0.05). Conclusion The laryngeal mask anesthesia department of orthopedics fixation removal patients, application of compound lidocaine cream hood to daub lubricating anesthesia on agitation for effective control, to improve the language instruction with satisfaction, shorten the extraction time of laryngeal mask, lower complication rate.

Clinical observation of compound lidocaine cream in the removal of laryngeal mask airway under general anesthesia in the supine position / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of compound lidocaine cream in the supine position of the department of orthopedics under general anesthesia of laryngeal mask airway. Methods 100 cases of laryngeal mask intubation under general anesthesia for department of orthopedics supine internal fixation surgery patients as the research object, are in our hospital from February 2016 to February 2017 were randomly divided into liquid, paraffin oil lubrication for anesthesia (control group, n = 50) with compound lidocaine anesthesia for emulsion lubrication (observation group, n = 50) contrast effect. Results Compared with the control group, the 0-3 stage agitation rate, language instruction satisfaction, laryngeal mask extraction time and complications were better in the observation group (P<0.05). Conclusion The laryngeal mask anesthesia department of orthopedics fixation removal patients, application of compound lidocaine cream hood to daub lubricating anesthesia on agitation for effective control, to improve the language instruction with satisfaction, shorten the extraction time of laryngeal mask, lower complication rate.

Relationships of Blood Pressure Circadian Rhythm and Brain Natriuretic Peptide with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in the Patients with Primary Hypertension / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the relationships of blood pressure circadian rhythm and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with primary hypertension. Methods Totally 349 patients (74 with LVH and 275 without LVH) with primary hypertension were enrolled in this study.Echocardiography was performed to determine left ventricular mass index (LVMI) using the Devereux formula. The nocturnal blood pressure decline rate,24-hour blood pressure (24 h PP; especially 24 h mean systolic blood pressure,24 h SBP) and blood pressure index (PPI) were determined by 24 h-ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. These 349 hypertensive patients were divided into four groups including supper-dipper group (defined as≥;20%, n=7),dipper group (defined as 10%- 20%, n=77),non-dipper group (defined as 0- 10%, n=173),and anti-dipper group (defined as<0, n=92). The baseline demographic characteristics of patients were collected. Fasting blood sugar,blood lipids,blood urea nitrogen,serum cretinine,cystatin C,uric acid,and plasma BNP level were measured. Results The patients with LVH (n=74) had significantly higher percentage of grade 3 hypertension (85.1% vs. 46.9%;χ=34.428,P<0.001),24 h SBP (134 mmHg vs. 129 mmHg; t=3.175,P=0.002)(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),daytime-mean SBP (134 mmHg vs. 130 mmHg; t=2.197,P=0.029),night-mean SBP(132 mmHg vs. 121 mmHg; t=4.763,P<0.001),and 24 h PP(57 mmHg vs. 52 mmHg; t=4.120,P<0.001) and PPI (0.43 vs. 0.41; t=3.335,P=0.001) and lower nocturnal blood pressure decline rate [(1.30±8.02)% vs. (5.68±7.25)%; t=-4.510,P<0.001] than the non-LVH patients (n=275). The LVH hypertensive group had significantly higher BNP level (87.8 pg/ml vs. 28.8 pg/ml; t=2.170,P=0.034) and LVMI (135.1 g/mvs. 88.7 g/m; t=15.285,P<0.001) than the control group. No significant difference was observed in the BNP level among supper-dipper,dipper,non-dipper and anti-dipper groups (P=0.137).However,the difference was statistically significant in the LVMI (P=0.001). Additionally,patients in the anti-dipper group had significantly higher LVMI than those in the dipper patients (100.3 g/mvs. 86.3 g/m; t=4.335,P<0.001) and non-dipper (100.3 g/mvs.93.7 g/m; t=1.987,P=0.048). Patients in the non-dipper group had significantly higher LVMI than those in the dipper group (93.7 g/mvs. 86.3 g/m; t=2.693,P=0.008). The multivariate linear correation analysis and logistic regressions analysis suggested a significant correlation of LVMI with BNP and the grade of hypertension. Conclusion With the increasing of plasma BNP level,the left ventricular hypertrophy is closely related to abnormal blood pressure circadian rhythm and the grade of hypertension in primary hypertensive patients.

Expression of p-PPARγ in the aging thoracic aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rat and inhibitory effect of rosiglitazone

Objective: To investigate the expression of phosphorylated peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (p-PPARγ) in the aging thoracic aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and the inhibitory effect of rosiglitazone on the phosphorylation of PPARγ. Methods: 16, 32 and 64 week-old Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHR were randomly and respectively divided into WKY, SHR and SHR+rosiglitazone group (9 in each group). The rats in SHR+rosiglitazone group were treated with rosiglitazone (5 mg/kg, intragastrically) for 56 d, whereas normal saline was applied in WKY and SHR groups. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) of rats was measured by tail cuff method. Histopathological damage of thoracic aorta was analyzed using Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot were performed to test the level of p-PPARγ protein in the thoracic aorta arising from each group. Results: The SBP in 16, 32 and 64 week-old SHR were significantly higher as compared with those in matched WKY rats (P < 0.05, respectively). HE staining showed increased content of smooth muscle cell, wrinkled lining endothelium and increased thickness of internal elastic lamina in the thoracic aorta of SHR. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot indicated that the levels of p-PPARγ in the thoracic aorta arising from SHR were obviously higher than those in the thoracic aorta arising from WKY rats (P < 0.05, respectively). Importantly, the high SBP, histopathological abnormalities of the thoracic aorta and elevated p-PPARγ expression were prominently abrogated by rosiglitazone treatment in SHR (P < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, the SBP, histopathological abnormalities of the thoracic aorta and p-PPARγ expression were positively correlated with age in SHR (P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions: The PPARγ phosphorylation was observed in the thoracic aorta of SHR and its expression was increased by the increase of age. Furthermore, rosiglitazone inhibited the PPARγ phosphorylation and suppressed vascular aging in SHR.

Bone remodeling at microscrew interface near extraction site in the beagle dog mandible-histologic and immunohistochemical analyses

Extraction is often used as part of orthodontic therapy, and good control of anchorage is a key step after extraction. Although microscrews can be implanted close to the extraction site in order to achieve orthodontic support, the efficiency of bone remodeling at the implant-bone interface near the extraction region is dubious. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate bone remodeling of the bone-microscrew interface near the tooth extraction site, in the absence of loading. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Third and fourth premolars were extracted from the mandibles of beagle dogs, followed by placement of test microscrews near the extraction sites. Control microscrews were placed further away from the extraction site. All samples were collected after 1, 3, 8, or 12 weeks of healing following extraction. The bone remodeling process at the interface was evaluated using histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS: Initially, a large number of inflammatory cells were aggregated at the interface. The expression levels of core binding factor (Cbfa1), osteocalcin (OC) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) were inconspicuous in both groups, whereas tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was strongly expressed, especially in the test groups (P<0.05). Subsequently, the expression levels of Cbfa1, OC and TGF-β were found to increase significantly, and active osteogenesis was observed. CONCLUSIONS: During week 1, inflammatory reaction is a major concern at the bone-microscrew interface near the extraction site. However, with healing, the influence of extraction on the remodeling of bone surrounding the microscrews decreases, thus facilitating successful treatment. .

Triple antithrombotic therapy versus double antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation in patients requiring chronic oral anticoagulation: a meta-analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Whether an addition of OAC to double antiplatelet therapy for patients with an indication of chronic oral anticoagulation undergoing PCI-S may improve clinical outcomes is still debated. This meta-analysis aimed to update and re-compare the benefits and risks of triple antithrombotic therapy (TT) with double anti-platelet therapy (DAPT) after in patients who requiring oral anticoagulation after percutaneous coronary interventions with stenting (PCI-s).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ten reports of observational retrospective or prospective studies were retrieved, including a total of 6296 patients, follow-up period ranging from 1 year to 2 years.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. The main finding of this study is the overall incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), myocardial infarction (MI) and stent thrombosis was comparable between two groups. Patients with TT was associated with significant reduction in ischemic stroke (OR: 0.27; 95%CI: 0.13 - 0.57; P = 0.0006) as compared to DAPT. We reaffirmed triple therapy significantly increased the risk of major bleeding (OR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.22 - 1.78; P < 0.0001) and minor bleeding (OR: 1.55; 95%CI: 1.07 - 2.24; P = 0.02).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Triple therapy is more efficacious in reducing the occurrence of ischemic stroke in PCI-s patients with an indication of chronic oral anticoagulation (OAC), compared with DAPT. However, it significantly increased major and minor risk of bleeding. It is imperative that further prospective randomized controlled trials are required to defne the best therapeutic strategy for patients with an indication of chronic OAC undergoing PCI-s.</p>

Correlation between tumor cell proliferation and prognosis of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma in 127 patients / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlations among Ki-67 expression, mitosis and other clinicopathological parameters of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma, and search for prognostic factors of malignant melanoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 127 cases of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma were collected from Beijing Cancer Hospital. Immunohistochemical study for Ki-67 was performed, and the mitosis was calculated referring to "hot spot" method recommended by the seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) melanoma staging system. The correlations of Ki-67 expression, mitosis and other clinicopathological parameters were analyzed, and the survival analysis of all these risk factors including TNM and Clark level was conducted based on follow up data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression level of Ki-67 was associated with necrosis and Breslow thickness (P < 0.05). Mitosis was correlated with Clark level and Ki-67 expression (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis indicated Ki-67 expression level (P = 0.043), mitosis (P = 0.030) and TNM stage (P < 0.001) might influence the survival of patients. However, multivariate analysis showed that the TNM staging was the only independent prognostic factor affecting survival.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The prognosis of patients with primary cutaneous malignant melanoma was closely related to the TNM staging at the fist examination. Ki-67 expression and mitosis are two important clinicopathological parameters of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma.</p>

Expression and prognostic significance of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in benign nevi and melanomas / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression and prognostic significance of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in different melanocytic lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in 39 cases of benign nevus, 58 cases of primary cutaneous melanoma, 24 cases of primary mucosal melanoma, 69 cases of melanoma with lymph node metastasis and 8 cases of melanoma with distant metastasis were studied by immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 was higher in benign nevi than in melanomas (P < 0.01). The nuclear expression of galectin-3 was higher in primary cutaneous melanomas than in primary mucosal melanomas or melanomas with metastases (P < 0.01, respectively). The expression correlated with age of patients (P < 0.05), necrosis (P < 0.05) and survival time (P < 0.01). Clark's level also correlated with survival time in patients with cutaneous melanomas (P = 0.037). TNM staging was the only independent prognostic factor for melanomas (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 is decreased in melanomas. The decrease in nuclear expression of galectin-3 may represent a poor prognostic factor for melanomas. TNM staging is an independent prognostic factor which influences the survival time.</p>

Effect of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ agonist on angiotensin converting enzyme 2 mRNA expression in monocyte-derived macrophages of essential hypertensive patients / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) agonist on the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) mRNA expression in monocyte-derived macrophages of essential hypertensive patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 57 essential hypertensive patients were randomly divided into three groups: conventional treatment group (n=18), telmisartan group (n=19), and benazepril group (n=20); 20 patients with normal blood pressure were also selected as the control group. Monocyte-derived macrophages were isolated from blood samples of patients in all four groups. The expression of ACE2 mRNA in monocyte-derived macrophages was detected by RT-PCR before treatment and 4 and 12 weeks after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four and 12 weeks after treatment, the systolic pressure and diastolic pressure of telmisartan group and benazepril group were significantly lower than that of the conventional treatment group (all P<0.01), and the systolic pressure and diastolic pressure of telmisartan group were significantly lower than that of the benazepril group(both P<0.01) .The expression of ACE2 mRNA in monocyte-derived macrophages were significantly lower in essential hypertensive patients than that in control group (P<0.01). After having been treated for 4 weeks and 12 weeks, the expression of ACE2 mRNA in monocyte-derived macrophages of hypertensive patients in telmisartan and benazepril groups were significantly higher than that in conventional treatment group (all P<0.01), and the expression of ACE2 mRNA in telmisartan group was significantly higher than that in benazepril group (both P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PPAR-γ agonist could increase the ACE2 mRNA expression in monocyte-derived macrophages of essential hypertensive patients.</p>