Pathogenic characteristics of elderly patients with urinary tract infection / 中华传染病杂志

Objective:To analyze the pathogenic distribution characteristics of elderly inpatients with urinary tract infection (UTI).Methods:Retrospective analysis of the clinical data and pathogen detection of 809 patients with UTI aged ≥60 years admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from January 2019 to January 2023 was performed.The differences in the pathogen distribution of patients with UTI were compared between groups of 60 to 79 years old and ≥80 years old. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for bacterial production of extended spectrum β lactamase (ESBL).Results:A total of 914 strains of pathogens were isolated from 809 patients, including 584 strains isolated from 60 to 79 years old patients, 330 strains isolated from ≥80 years old patients, and 62 patients had mixed infections with bacteria and fungi. In the group of patients ≥80 years old, there were 144(43.64%) Gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coli (16.67%(55/330)), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.70%(32/330)) and Proteus mirabilis (3.03%(10/330)) were the main members in Enterobacteriaceae. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.76%(19/330)) and Acinetobacter baumannii (4.55%(15/330)) were main members of non-fermentive bacteria. There were 104 strains (31.52%) of Gram-positive bacteria detected in the group of patients ≥80 years old, mainly Enterococcus faecium (21.21%(70/330)), and 63 strains (19.09%) of fungi were detected, mainly Candida albicans (9.09%(30/330)). Compared with the group of 60 to 79 years old, the detection rate of Escherichia coli was lower ( χ2=35.78, P<0.001), but Enterococcus faecium ( χ2=4.91, P=0.027) and fungi ( χ2=10.03, P=0.002) were higher in the group of patients ≥80 years old. Among the 375 strains of Enterobacteriaceae, 190 strains (50.67%) were ESBL positive, including 127 strains of Escherichia coli, 46 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 17 strains of Proteus mirabilis. Multivariate logistic analysis found that the use of antibiotic before hospitalization (odds ratio ( OR)=18.528, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 3.893 to 88.171, P<0.001), complicated with pulmonary infection ( OR=4.182, 95% CI 1.387 to 12.611, P=0.011) were independent risk factors for bacterial production of ESBL. Conclusions:The pathogens of elderly patients (aged≥80 years old) with UTI are mainly Gram-negative bacteria, and the detection rates of Enterococcus and fungi are also high. A considerable number of patients have mixed bacterial and fungal infections. The use of antibiotic before hospitalization and complicated with pulmonary infection are independent risk factors for bacterial production of ESBL.

Study on Intestinal Flora Feature of Lung Diseases Patients Based on Lung and Large Intestine Being Interior-Exteriorly Related Theory / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To discuss the stool coccobacillus flora features between lung diseases patients and non-lung diseases patients for confirming homotherapy for the lung and the large intestine ideology based on the lung and large intestine being interior-exteriorly related theory. Methods Totally 112 patients were divided into lung diseases group (47 cases) and non-lung diseases group (65 cases) by cross-sectional study. Questionnaire survey for patients was used, including general demographic information, lung diseases and course of disease, non-lung diseases and course of disease, medication, diet, sleep, emotional, physical and stool. Stool specimens were collected and smear method was used to detect the ratio of coccus. Results 3 cases were lost in the lung diseases group and 5 cases were lost in the non-lung diseases group. Stool coccobacillus mean proportionality was 0.78 in lung diseases group, and 0.35 in non-lung diseases group, with statistical significance (P=0.041). Stool gram negative bacilli mean value was 56.59% in lung diseases group, and 65.50% in non-lung diseases group, with statistical significance (P=0.040). Stool gram positive coccus mean value was 33.52% in lung diseases group, and 23.80% in non-lung diseases group, with statistical significance (P=0.004). There were 23 cases of stool gram negative bacilli aberrant type in lung diseases group, and 44 cases in non-lung diseases group, with statistical significance (P=0.038). There were 21 cases of loss of appetite in lung diseases group, and 14 cases in non-lung diseases group, with statistical significance(P=0.012). There were 23 cases of constipation in lung diseases group, and 19 cases in non-lung diseases group, with statistical significance (P=0.044). There were 15 cases of loose stool in lung diseases group, and 9 cases in non-lung diseases group, with statistical significance (P=0.033). Conclusion Lung diseases patients occur to alteration of intestinal flora potentially. And symptoms include loss of appetite, constipation, loose stool, which occur to lung diseases patients significantly, indicating lung and large intestine tend to exist homopathy. It is important to homotherapy for the lung and the large intestine based on the lung and the large intestine being interior-exteriorly related.

Exploration of the theory of "Fei and Dachang being interior-exteriorly related" from observing changes of inflammatory cytokines and oxygen free radicals in the lung tissue of ulcerative colitis rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the theory of "Fei and Dachang being interior-exteriorly related" and the pathogenesis of lung injury by observing changes of inflammatory cytokines and oxygen free radicals in ulcerative colitis (UC) rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 50 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups, the normal control group and the model group, 25 rats in each group. The UC model was established by allergizing colon mucosa combined with TNBS-alcohol (50%) enema. Another 25 rats were recruited as the normal control group. At week 2 and 4 after modeling, the pathomorphological changes of the lung were observed. Furthermore, the contents of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-1beta were determined by ELISA. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated with colorimetry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal control group, the pathomorphology of the lung tissue in the model group appeared abnormal at week 2 and 4. Compared with the normal control group, levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and MDA in the lung tissue significantly increased in the model group (P < 0. 01) and the activities of SOD significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, SOD, and MDA might be common material bases for the large intestine involved in lung disease of UC patients, thus providing a modern scientific basis for the theory of Fei and Dachang being interior-exteriorly related.</p>

An evaluation of the investment for child development in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study estimated the investment in child development from three aspects-public health, public education, and family investment to establish the level of investment, to provide reference information for government decision making and to provide international comparisons.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Public investment in health was measured with macro data related to public health spending and child development in government expenditure. Public education investment was based on basic education data. Family investment evaluation was based on per capita family consumer spending data in different age groups to estimate the input for child development.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both public health investment level and the proportion of GDP rose for all age groups over time, but the overall investment level was still insufficient. Public investment in children's education has increased year by year, but the trends in all age groups are unbalanced with much lower investment in early childhood education. Private investment in children has increased over the period, but has declined as a percentage of GDP. International comparisons show that Chinas investment in child development is much lower than OECD countries.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The private investment in child development was the main way in China, with public finance contributing only a small proportion. Given the poor international comparisons, the government needs to review the balance of public investment to redirect more towards the development of children under the age of six to their health and education.</p>

The mobilization of autologous bone marrow stem cells in the treatment of heart failure with Chinese medicine / 中国结合医学杂志

Heart failure (HF) is a severe heart disease. The use of autologous bone marrow stem cells (BMCs) mobilization in the treatment of HF has been a hot topic to research both in Western medicine and Chinese medicine (CM). There are many clinical trials and experiments on study of BMCs mobilization for HF therapy, including integrative medicine. The effect of BMCs mobilization is favorable for cardiac repair, while some advantages of CM support the advanced study of its application in BMCs mobilization to treat HF. In addition, with mechanisms of autologous BMCs mobilization for the treatment of HF that will be revealed in the future, especially stem cells niches, integrative medicine would play an important role in this clinical thought of therapy model gradually. Simultaneously, CM should adapt the new approaches of stem cells progresses on HF treatment as holding characteristics of itself.

Studies on Specific Diagnostic Antigens in Excretory-secretory Products from Trichinella spiralis Muscle Larvae / 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志

Objective To find out the specific diagnostic antigens in excretory-secretory (ES) products from muscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis. Methods The ES antigens (ESA) of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae cultured in vitro at 18 h and 30 h were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Results At different times after cultivation, the protein components of ESA of T. spiralis muscle larvae were similar. SDS-PAGE revealed that the molecular weight(MW) of the major bands of 2 ES antigens were 112, 110, 108, 97, 53, 49, 45, 42, 35, 23 and 16 kDa. Western blotting showed that the protein bands with 102, 97, 95 and 53 kDa in 18 h ESA and the protein bands with 53, 49, 45 and 43 kDa in 30 h ESA cross-reacted with sera from the patients with paragonimiasis, clonorchiasis, schistosomiasis, and cysticercosis, respectively. The protein component with 23 kDa in ESA only reacted with sera from the rats and mice infected with T. spiralis and the patients with trichinellosis, but not reacted with sera from animals and patients infected with other parasites, and sera from normal rats, mice and persons. Conclusion The protein component with 23 kDa in T. spiralis ESA is the specific antigen of T. spiralis muscle larvae and it could be applied to the serodiagnosis and seroepidemiological survey of trichinellosis.

IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC ANTIGEN OF TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS MUSCLE LARVAE / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To find out the specific antigens for immunodiagnosis of trichinellosis. Methods The soluble antigens of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Results SDS-PAGE revealed that the soluble antigens of T. spiralis muscle larvae had 29 protein bands with molecular weight (MW) from 112 kDa to 12 kDa, among them the protein bands with MW 65,43,42,31,30,20,17,16 kDa were the major bands. Western blot results showed that the protein bands with 112,110,108, 102,97,95,65,63,58,55,53,49,45,43,42 kDa in T.spiralis muscle larval soluble antigens were cross-reacted with sera from rats and patients with paragonimiasis, sera from patients with clonorchiasis, schistosomiasis, and cys-ticercosis. The protein components with 24 - 20 kDa were only reacted with sera from rats, mice infected with T.spiralis and patients with trichinellosis, and not reacted with sera from animals and patients infected with other parasites,and sera from normal rats, mice and healthy persons. Conclusion The protein components with 24-20 kDa in T.spiralis muscle larval soluble antigens are the specific antigen for T.spiralis muscle larvae, it could be applied to the immunodiagnosis and seroepidemiological investigation on trichinellosis.