ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of pretreatment of neuroblastoma cells with hot water extract of Korean ginseng on MNNG-induced parthanatos and its mechanism.@*METHODS@#Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with 1 mg/L hot water extract of Korean ginseng before induction with 250 μmol/L MNNG for 1 h or 4 h. CCK-8 and cell flow cytometry were used to detect cell survival rate. Western blotting was used to detect the changes in poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) expression in the treated cells. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect nuclear distribution of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and flow cytometry was used to detect the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the blank control cells, MNNG-treated SH-SY5Y cells showed significantly decreased survival rate as the concentration of MNNG and the stimulation time increased ( < 0.05). Stimulation with MNNG also resulted in significantly increased expression of PAR protein in the cells ( < 0.05). Pretreatment of the cells with hot water extract of Korean ginseng obviously inhibited MNNG-induced cell death and significantly reduced AIF expression and nucleation in the cells ( < 0.05). MNNG stimulation significantly increased ROS level in the cells, which was decreased significantly by pretreatment of the cells with the extract ( < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Pretreatment with hot water extract of Korean ginseng reduces MNNG-induced parthanatos and ROS production in SH-SY5Y cells.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of ulinastatin pretreatment on isoflurane-induced mitochondria-dependent neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of rats.@*METHODS@#Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly assigned into control group, isoflurane group and ulinastatin group. In the latter two groups, the rats were subjected to acute exposure to 0.75% isoflurane for 6 h and pretreated with 50 000 U/kg of ulinastatin before isoflurane exposure, respectively. After the treatments, apoptosis of the hippocampal neurons was detected using TUNEL assay, and the mitochondrial membrane potential (△ ψm) was measured using JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential kit; cytochrome C release and caspase-3 activity were examined with Western blotting, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected using the fluorescent probe H2DCFDA.@*RESULTS@#Compared with those in the control group, the rats with acute exposure to isoflurane showed markedly increased TUNEL-positive cells in the hippocampus ( < 0.05), which were obviously reduced by ulinastatin pretreatment ( < 0.05). The △ψm of the hippocampal neurons was significantly reduced after isoflurane exposure ( < 0.05), and was partly recovered by ulinastatin pretreatment ( < 0.05). Acute exposure to isoflurane resulted in obviously increased cellular ROS, cytochrome C release and caspase-3 activity in the hippocampal neurons ( < 0.05), and these changes were significantly inhibited by ulinastatin pretreatment ( < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Ulinastatin pretreatment provides neuroprotection against isoflurane-induced apoptosis of the hippocampal neurons in rats possibly by inhibiting mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Apoptosis , Glycoproteins , Hippocampus , Isoflurane , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Objective To analyze and investigate the risk factors for intraoperative and postoperative bleeding complications of stent implantation for ruptured intracranial aneurysms(from rupture to operation time ≤14 d). Methods A total of 249 consecutive patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH)treated with stent intravascular interventional therapy at the Department of Neurosurgery,Tangdu Hospital,the Second Hospital Affiliated to Air Force Medical University(the Fourth Military Medical University)from August 2014 to July 2017 were enrolled retrospectively.According to whether having intraoperative and postoperative bleeding complications,they were divided into either a hemorrhage complication group(n=33)or a non-complication group(n=216).The baseline data,clinical data,and aneurysm characteristics,including age,sex,hypertension,Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)score,aSAH to the patients were documented and analyzed,and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for bleeding complications. Results (1)The incidence of perioperative bleeding complications was 13. 3% (33 /249). (2)There was significant difference in GCS scores between the bleeding complication group and the non-complication group (P < 0. 05). There were no significant differences in age,male,hypertension,and aSAH to operation time between the two groups (all P >0. 05). (3)There were significant differences in Hunt-Hess grade (χ2 = 10. 392,P = 0. 001),Fisher score (χ2 = 7. 370,P =0. 007),number of aneurysms (χ2 = 4. 825,P = 0. 028),and aneurysm location (χ2 = 6. 818, P = 0. 033)between the bleeding complication group and the non-complication group. There were no significant differences in Raymond grade between the two groups (P > 0. 05). (4)Taking the occurrence of bleeding complications as a dependent variable,a further multivariate logistic regression analysis on Hunt- Hess grades Ⅲ-Ⅴ and multiple aneurysms was performed after variable screening,the results showed that Hunt-Hess grades Ⅲ-Ⅴ(OR,3. 658,95% CI 1. 660 -8. 061)and multiple aneurysms (OR,2. 667,95% CI 1.178-6.036)were the independent risk factors for stent placement in the treatment of bleeding complications of ruptured intracranial aneurysms(all P <0.05). Conclusions The single stent and stent-assisted coils can be used for endovascular treatment of rupture intracranial aneurysms,but preoperative Hunt-Hess grades Ⅲ-Ⅴ and multiple aneurysms are easy to cause perioperative bleeding complications in patients with aSAH.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of continuous transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block on postoperative systemic inflammatory responses of patients undergoing laparoscopic radical surgery for colorectal cancer.Methods Ninety-eight patients,aged 45-64 yr,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,weighing 50-75 kg,scheduled for elective laparoscopic radical surgery for colorectal cancer under general anesthesia,were divided into continuous patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) group (group PCEA) and continuous TAP block group (group TAPB) using a random number table,with 49 patients in each group.An epidural catheter was placed at L1,2 interspace,a test dose of 3 ml of 2％ lidocaine was given,and morphine 2 mg (in 10 ml of normal saline) was injected into the epidural space at the end of surgery in group PCEA.PCEA solution contained 0.15％ ropivacaine and sufentanil 2 μg/ml (diluted to 300 ml in normal saline).PCA pump was set up with a 2 ml bolus dose,a 20 min lockout interval and background infusion at a rate of 4 ml/h.Catheterization of bilateral transversus abdominis plane was accomplished under ultrasound guidance,and 0.3％ ropivacaine 20 ml was injected in group TAPB.TAP block solution contained 0.15％ ropivacaine (diluted to 300 ml in normal saline).PCA pump was set up with a 6 ml bolus dose,a 30 min lockout interval and background infusion at a rate of 6 ml/h.Analgesia lasted until 48 h after surgery,and visual analogue scale score was maintained less than or equal to 3 in both groups.Parecoxib sodium 40 mg was intravenously injected as a rescue analgesic when visual analogue scale score was more than 3.Blood samples were collected from the right internal jugular vein at 24 h before operation (T0) and 48 h after operation (T1) for determination of the expression of CXCL8 mRNA in serum (by real-time polymerase chain reaction) and expression of CXCL8 and STAT3 in serum (by Western blot).The development of requirement for rescue analgesia,sensory motor dysfunction of lower extremities and nausea and vomiting after surgery was recorded.Results Compared with the baseline at T0,the expression of serum CXCL8 mRNA,CXCL8 and STAT3 was significantly up-regulated at T1 in the two groups (P＜ 0.05).Compared with group PCEA,the expression of serum CXCL8 mRNA and STAT3 was significantly down-regulated at T1,the incidence of sensory motor dysfunction of lower extremities was decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the expression of serum CXCL8,requirement for rescue analgesia or incidence of nausea and vomiting in group TAPB (P＞0.05).Conclusion Continuous TAP block can reduce postoperative systemic inflammatory responses of patients undergoing laparoscopic radical surgery for colorectal cancer.
ABSTRACT
Objective To examine the neuroprotective effects of amantadine(AMA),a non-competitive NMDA receptor an-tagonist,on the hypoxic-ischemic(HI)brain injury of neonatal rats and the possible mechanisms.Methods Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)models were established in seven-day-old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by ligating the right ce-phalic artery and then inhaling 8% oxygen for 2 h.All the rats were divided into 3 groups:control group(n=15),HIE group(n=15),and AMA group(n=45).Animals in AMA group were intranasally treated with AMA at 50 mg/kg 30 min before and 15 min after ligation and 30 min before inhalation(15 rats each used at the three time points).The right-to-left hemispheric weight ratio was calculated 7 days after the HI brain injury.The right hippocampus tissues of rats(n=45)were harvested 24 h after the HI brain injury and the concentrations of IL-1βand IL-6 were detected by ELISA.The outcomes of behavior tests(in-volving 45 rats)including Barnes maze test,motor coordination test and fear conditioning test,were evaluated 30 days after the HI brain injury.Results Intranasal AMA significantly increased the right-to-left hemispheric weight ratio,lowered the concen-trations of IL-1βand IL-6 in the right hippocampus of rats and promoted the behavior functions 15 min after ligation(P<0.05) . Conclusion Intranasal AMA can provide neuroprotection partially by reducing the hippocampal inflammation in the neonatal rats with HI brain injury.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the role of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel in spinal dorsal horn neurons in hyperalgesia after thoracotomy in rats.Methods Twenty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 7-9 weeks,weighing 250-350 g,in which intrathecal catheters were successfully implanted without complications on 14th day after chronic post-thoracotomy pain was induced,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =7 each):control group,the solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group,KATP channel opener pinacidil group (group P) and KATP channel blocker glibenclamide group (group G).10％ DMSO 10 μl,pinacidil 10 μg/10 μl and glibenclamide 50μg/10μ1 were injected intrathecally in groups DMSO,P and G at 5 day after the intrathecal catheter was implanted,respectively.Paw withdrawal threshold to von Frey filament stimulation was measured before intrathecal administration and at 10,30 and 60 min after intrathecal administration and the acetone test was performed.Coldinduced pain threshold was measured.Results There was no significant difference in paw withdrawal threshold to yon Frey filament stimulation at each time point among the four groups (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with C and DMSO groups,cold-induced pain threshold was significantly increased in group P and decreased in group G (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in cold-induced pain threshold between C and DMSO groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion KATP channel in spinal dorsal horn neurons is involved in the maintenance of hyperalgesia after thoracotomy in rats.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo observe the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) on serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α ) concentrations following tourniquet deflation in patients undergoing lower limb surgery.Methods Thirty adult patients,scheduled for unilateral lower limb surgery,ASA classification [ - Ⅱ grades,were divided into control group and research group by random number table,each group of 15 cases.Before anesthesia 30 min,PHC in intravenous infusion of 0.01-0.02 mg/kg in research group,the corresponding volume in intravenous infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride in control group.Peripheral venous blood samples were collected immediately before tourniquet inflation (T0,baseline),immediately before tourniquet deflation(T1),30 min (T2) and 60 min (T3) after tourniquet deflation.Serum IL-6 and TNF- α concentrations were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbentassay.ResaltsSerum TNF- α change at the same time point after tourniquet deflation was not statistically significant between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Serum IL-6 concentration was decreased at each time point after tourniquet deflation compared with T0 in research group,while increased in control group.Serum IL-6concentration difference of T3 and T0 had statistically significant between research group and control group [ (-8.8 ± 5.6) ng/L vs.( 10.2 ± 6.7) ng/L,P＜ 0.05].ConclusionsPHC in advance can decrease serum IL-6 concentration after tourniquet deflation in patients undergoing lower limb surgery.