ABSTRACT
Background and study aims: There is still need for accurate markers for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC] and assessment of prognosis. The aim of this study is to investigate interleukin [IL]-32, IL-1 beta, IL-18, vascular cell adhesion molecule [VCAM]-1, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule [EpCAM] in the diagnosis and assessment of prognosis of HCC
Patients and methods: Fifty patients with HCC and 15 healthy volunteers were enroled into this prospective study. Serum samples were obtained at the first admission before any treatment was given. Serum IL-32, IL-1 beta, IL-18, VCAM-1, and EpCAM levels were determined using ELISA kits
Results: The mean age of the patient group and controls was 60 +/- 9 years and 56 +/- 8 years, respectively. The mean serum level of IL-32 was higher in patients with HCC than in the control subjects [65.1 vs. 14.1 pg/mL; p < 0.001]. IL-18 levels were significantly higher in the HCC group [546.5 vs. 157.8 pg/mL; p < 0.001]. EpCAM [20.3 vs. 1.5 pg/mL; p < 0.001] and VCAM [6.5 vs. 1.8 micro g/mL; p < 0.001] levels were also higher in patients with HCC. The mean level of IL-1 beta in the HCC group was similar to that in the control subjects [1.9 vs. 1.9 pg/mL; p = 0.97]. Fifty-eight per cent of the patients with HCC died at 7.3 months [median]. Cytokine levels except EpCAM did not correlate with survival [p > 0.05]. Alpha-foetoprotein, IL-32, IL-18, EpCAM, and VCAM had valuable cutoff levels to differentiate between patients with HCC and control group [p < 0.001]
Conclusions: Although cytokines can be a diagnostic marker for HCC, they did not have any significant prognostic value in patients with HCC. Only EpCAM may be used to determine the prognosis of HCC, thereby assisting with treatment management