ABSTRACT
Introduction: Otomycosis is a superficial mycotic infection of the external auditory canal that is caused by opportunistic fungi. It is a common fungal infection of the ear that is worldwide in distribution. The infection usually characterized by inflammation, pruritus, trauma to external auditory canal, scaling and severe discomfort such as suppuration and pain. We have tried to clarify the different causative factors & predisposing factors for otomycosis in our environment. Material & Methods: In this study we were including 100 patients (53 female and 47 male) with presumptive diagnosis of otomycosis. We performed mycological analysis on swab or fungal ball from external auditory canal of 100 patients. The diagnosis was confirmed micro biologically by direct microscopy (10% KOH mount) and fungal culture methods. Results: Otomycosis was more common among females as compared to males & also common in age groups of 20-35 yrs. The most common fungal pathogens isolated were Aspergillus niger (75.82%) followed by Aspergillus fumigatus( 13.19 %), Candida albicans ( 7.69 %) & Aspergillus flavus ( 3.3 %). while bacterial co infection/ super infection was detected in 6 cases. Conclusion: In this study we observe that otomycosis is unilateral condition more common in young age housewives and farmers particularly during summer and rainy season.
ABSTRACT
Background: Use of mobile phones by Health Care Workers (HCWs) in the operation theatre (OT), Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Critical Care Unit (CCU) may have serious hygiene consequences as these patients are more vulnerable to hospital acquired infection. This study will assess possibility of spreading hospital acquired infection due to usage of mobile phone by HCWs working in OT, ICU and CCU, their causative microorganisms and antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Methods: After institutional ethics committee approval, this observational study was carried out in government teaching hospital. After written informed consent, three groups (doctors, nurses and other health care personnel) each of 50 participants were selected. From each participant two samples were collected, one from the dominant hand and another from the mobile phone. The samples were tested for the identification of microorganism and antibiotic sensitivity.Results: It was found that 58.66% of hands and 46.66% mobile phones were contaminated by bacteria. Staphylococcus epidermidis was isolated as most common causative organism with infection rate of 42% in hand and 32.66% in the mobile phone. Contaminations with other organisms were 16.66% in hand and 14% in mobile phone. We found that 50% isolated Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Pseudomonas and Acinetobactor species isolated in the study showed multi drug resistance to commonly used antibiotics.Conclusion: We recommend simple measures like hand washing, cleaning of mobile phones with 70% isopropyl alcohol, using hand free mobile phone while working hours and well practiced infection control plan to bring down the rate of hospital acquired Infection.
ABSTRACT
Background: Septicemia remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the newborn, more so in developing countries due to delivery and postnatal follow up in an unclean environment having more chance of contamination with infective organisms. Moreover these infants are deficient in their inherent protective mechanisms, humoral and cellular immunity. The changing pattern and frequent emergence of resistant bacteria make the problem more difficult. Objectives: (1) To know the etiology of septicemia in neonates. (2) To detect the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates. Methods and Material: Blood samples were collected aseptically from 303 newborns admitted in NICU, Sir T Hospital, Bhavnagar during Jan-2006 to August-2008 with sepsis. The specimens were inoculated into brain heart infusion broth & subcultures were performed. The isolates were identified by standard biochemical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolates was studied by Modified Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion technique. Results: A total 140 (46.20%) organisms were isolated. These included Klebsiella (66, 47.14%), Staphylococcus aureus (35, 25%), Coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS) (5, 3.57%), E.coli (15, 10.71%), Proteus (5, 3.57%), Acinetobactor (3, 2.14%), Pseudomonas (6, 4.28%) and Candida (5, 3.57%). Majority of organisms isolated were resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Maximum sensitivity was seen by Cefoperazone/sulbactum (97%) & Piperacillin/tazobactum (98%) for Gram negative organisms & Vancomycin(100%) for Gram positive organisms. Conclusions: Multi-drug resistance organisms were isolated from septicemia in neonates. Therefore great caution is required in selection of antibiotic therapy.