ABSTRACT
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become over the last decade the most common form of chronic liver disease in children and adults. It is tightly associated with obesity and threatens to become a serious public health problem. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is also commonly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Therefore, this study was carried out to know the Prevalence of NAFLD and NASH in type 2 DM: To study the clinical manifestations, trend and outcome of all confirmed dengue cases admitted in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This prospective study was designed to enroll known T2DM patients (duration ≥3 years), in age group of 25-65 years, attending an outpatient Medicine department of Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, a tertiary care Centre. NAFLD and NASH will be suspected in a patient who is found to have elevations in liver tests such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The only means of proving a confirmatory diagnosis of NASH will be done by liver biopsy. Results: A total of 325 patients, with more number of female patients 180 (55.38%) than male patients 145 (44.61%) were recruited with the suspicion of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Out of 325 patients enrolled in the study, n=178 (54.76%) T2DM patients (n=103 female and n=75 male), was identified as having NAFLD, and n=15 as NASH. Conclusion: We conclude that the prevalence of NAFLD and NASH is high in type 2 DM patients and liver biopsy is the only investigation to differentiate between non-alcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis.
ABSTRACT
Background: Dengue fever is one of the most common Arbo virus mediated epidemics, causing major concerns in India since the last two decades. Many parts of India, including the Maharashtra region, are now endemic for the Dengue infection. Dengue fever (DF), Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) are different modes of presentation of the disease. Our study has a objective to study the clinical manifestations, trend and outcome of all confirmed dengue cases admitted in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This prospective study done on patients diagnosed with dengue fever with one or more warning signs attending the outpatient department and indoor of Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, a tertiary care centre in the state were included in the study. 125 patients were included on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria in the study period from March 2014 to December 2014. Results: Out of 125 patients diagnosed Dengue cases, 83 (66.4%) were males and 42 (33.6%) were females and Maximum number of cases were in the age group of 31–45 years, 53 (42.4%) and the least cases were reported above 60 years age group, 4%. The most common presentation was fever 125 (99.1%) followed by myalgia 88 (70.4%), vomiting 54 (43.2%), headache 58 (46.4%), abdominal pain 42 (33.6%), skin rash 32 (25.6%). Bleeding from different sites of the body was evident in 18 patients (14.4%). In bleeding manifestations, petechiae 24 (19.2%) was the most common presentation. Conclusion: The study highlighted the high prevalence of Dengue cases in Kolhapur region. Therefore, clinicians are required to suspect Dengue in all cases of fever presenting at the hospital. Prompt diagnosis and early treatment can decrease the mortality associated with Dengue.