ABSTRACT
Free radicals are generated by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. The main source of free radicals in enzymatic reactions include those involved in phagocytosis, respiratory chain, in prostaglandin synthesis, and in cytochrome p450 system. Current investigation was to examine invitro antioxidant potential of Cassia absus (Linn). MethodsThe aerial parts of Cassia absus (Linn) were powdered and the dry powder was subjected to extraction with various solvents (PE, EA and methanol) through Soxhlet extractor. The aerial parts of different concentrates (pet. ether, ethyl acetate and methanol) of Cassia absus was evaluated for its in-vitro antioxidant potential by hydroxyl radical, FRAP activity taking ascorbate used as standard for the both methods and total flavonoids content was estimated as equivalent to rutin. ResultsThe methanolic concentrates of Cassia absus & standard exhibited antioxidant potential possessing IC50 196 µg/mL & 65 µg/mL (hydroxyl radical) 216 µg/mL & 50 µg/mL (FRAP activity) respectively. Methanolic concentrates of Cassia absus were more efficient in hydroxyl radical, FRAP activity compared EA & PE concentrates. The methanolic and EA concentrates of Cassia absus showed the total flavonoids content (10.22 ± 0.40, 4.03 ± 0.47 respectively). The difference in scavenging potential of the extracts can be due to variation in the percentage of bioactive compound flavonoids present in methanolic extracts. Invitro antioxidant studies show that methanolic concentrates of Cassia absus have better antioxidant activity due to the presence of total flavonoids content. ConclusionsThis result indicates that methanolic concentrates of aerial parts of Cassia absus could serve as natural antioxidant, which may be useful in preventing free radical induced diseases.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Phyllodes tumor (PT) is a rare fibroepithelial neoplasm comprising <1% of all breast tumors. Clinical spectrum ranges from benign (B), borderline (BL), and locally recurrent to malignant (M) and metastatic type. The aim of our study was to analyze the clinicopathological factors, compare treatment options, and evaluate outcome in patients with PT. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 162 women with PT. The surgical intervention varied from simple excision (lumpectomy)/wide local excision (WLE) in benign cases to simple/modified radical or radical mastectomy (SM/MRM/ RM) in malignant and recurrent tumors. RESULTS: Out of 162 patients, B, BL, and M were 95 (58.64%), 29 (18%), and 38 (23.45%), respectively. Mean age, duration of lump, and size were 38 ± 8 years, 28 ± 10 months, and 12 ± 5 cm, respectively. Recurrence rate with B, BL, and M was 15.78%, 41.37%, and 55.26%, respectively (P = 0.00001). As compared to WLE (22%), SM (23.8%), and MRM/RM (14.2%), recurrence was higher with lumpectomy (48.9%) (P = 0.004). Positive correlation was found between recurrence rate with the size of tumor (P = 0.008) and also number of recurrence with holoprosencephaly (P = 0.047). There was no association between the number of recurrences and size of tumor (P = 0.63). Malignant PT was seen in 38 (24%) and distant metastasis was seen in 7 (18%). Mean duration of follow‑up was 42 months. CONCLUSION: WLE with negative margins should be the initial surgery for PT. The role of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy is uncertain. PT is pathological enigma. Till date, no factors can accurately predict the recurrence and outcome. PT is known for unpredictable behavior and high recurrence rates, hence long‑term follow‑up is advised.
ABSTRACT
Pleural effusion is a common clinical entity in medical practice. We report a case wherein extensive investigations failed to yield a diagnosis and medical management including repeated thoracocentesis left the effusion refractory. The patient, a 26 years lady, gave a definite history of catamenial dry cough and wheeze. The mystery was unraveled following exploratory thoracotomy when a giant mediastinal teratomatous cyst with luteinized ovarian tissue was discovered and removed, leading to eventual cure for the patient.