ABSTRACT
Background: Cervical cancer, despite being a preventable disease, its screening and vaccination still remains poor in our country. The aim of our study was to assess the knowledge and awareness regarding cervical cancer, its risk factors, screening and HPV vaccination.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out among outpatients attending gynaecology OPD in GEM hospital and Research Centre, a tertiary care centre in Tamil Nadu during the period of April 2019 to June 2019. A total of 500 women, aged 16 years and above were analyzed using a structured questionnaire with multiple choices regarding socio demographic profile, knowledge and awareness about the cervical cancer, its risk factors, screening method and HPV vaccination.Results: Only 16.6% knew that cervical cancer is the most common cancer in Indian women. Majority (74.6%) of them were married, of which 36.2% were aware of Pap smear. Of those who were aware, only one third (12.6%) had their Pap smear done. The awareness of HPV vaccination was only 25% and 3.4% of them were vaccinated. 70.2% of the study participants were willing to be vaccinated after knowing about the vaccination.Conclusions: This study serves to highlight that, the majority of women lack knowledge and awareness concerning cervical cancer and its preventive aspects. This is a major hindrance among Indian women to undergo early screening and timely prevention. Hence creating public awareness of cervical cancer and its prevention is still a priority.
ABSTRACT
Primary fallopian tube cancer (PFTC) is a rare malignancy with an incidence of 0.14-1.8% of all genital malignancies. Presentations of fallopian tube cancer are mostly nonspecific and include abdominal pain, profuse watery or serosanguinous discharge. Here, we present the case of a 51-year-old patient with FIGO stage 1A PFTC. It was diagnosed as hematosalpinx intraoperatively, during total laparoscopic hysterectomy and diagnosed as PFTC on histopathology. Further management was by laparoscopic staging. A high index of suspicion is needed in peri and postmenopausal women who present with unexplained uterine bleeding, profuse discharge, pelvic pain, adnexal mass or abnormal pap smear.
ABSTRACT
Background: The objective was to evaluate the outcome of late second trimester emergency cerclage in patients with advanced cervical dilatation with bulging membranes. Methods: Setting: department of obstetrics and gynaecology, PSG Institute of medical sciences & research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. This is a retrospective study of case files of patients who underwent emergency late second trimester cerclage for advanced cervical dilatation with bulging membranes between January 2009 to January 2014. McDonald’s technique was used in all the cases. Results: Altogether, 7 patients (100%) underwent late second trimester emergency cerclage between 20-28 weeks of gestational age, out of which three patients (42.86%) had term deliveries (>37w), and 3 patients (42.86 %) carried on their pregnancies to more than 32 weeks resulting in healthy live born babies. Two of them delivered by normal vaginal delivery, 4 underwent LSCS, and one patient had severe abdominal pain with bleeding and draining per vaginum after 3 days of cerclage, in view of which the stitch was removed. Subsequently, the patient expelled a live foetus weighing 620gms, which died in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) after 3 hours. This procedure prolonged the duration of pregnancy in all patients with a mean duration of 70.4 days. The mean gestational age at the time of delivery was 34.33 weeks. The mean birth weight was 2.18 kg and ranged between 1.97 to 2.64 kg. The mean APGAR at one minute was 8/10 and the mean duration of stay in NICU was 1.66 days. All the new-born babies were healthy at the time of discharge. The live birth rate following emergency late second trimester cerclage in this series was 85.75%. Conclusion: Favourable neonatal outcome can be accomplished in patients with cervical incompetence in the second trimester of pregnancy following emergency cervical suturing, even if performed when the membranes are bulging through the cervix.