ABSTRACT
Eight different culture media were used to determine where Phytophthora colocasiae would bet grow and reproduce. Mycelia growth of 86 mm, 79.6 mm, 80.6 mm, 72 mm and 50 mm growth of P. colocasiae were obtained in Carrot Agar, Carrot Potato Agar (CPA) medium, Papaya Sucrose Agar, Host leaf extract agar, Oat meal agar respectively. P. colocasiae grown on Carrot agar for 4-7 days gave Carrot agar was supplement the nutrients to Phytophthora spp. to enhanced production of sporangial growth.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There is paucity of information on epidemiological situation of Tuberculosis (TB) in Andhra Pradesh. The DOTS strategy under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) was introduced in the year 2000 to cover the entire State by 2005. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of tuberculous infection among children 5-9 years of age and to compute the average Annual Risk of Tuberculosis Infection (ARTI) from the estimated prevalence. METHODS: A cluster-sample house-based tuberculin survey was carried out in a representative sample of children between 5-9 years of age. The clusters were selected by a two-stage sampling procedure. At first stage, five districts were selected by probability proportional to population size (PPS) method. Depending upon child population ratio, 32 clusters allocated to each district were further sub-divided into rural and urban clusters selected by simple random sampling. A total of 3636 children, irrespective of their BCG scar status, were tuberculin tested using one TU PPD RT23 with Tween 80 and the maximum transverse diameter of induration was measured about 72 hours later. RESULTS: The prevalence of infection estimated by mirror-image technique using observed mode of reactions attributable to infection with tubercle bacilli at 20mm was 9.6% (95% CI: 8.0-11.2). The ARTI was computed at 1.4% (95% CI: 1.1-1.6). CONCLUSION: Survey findings indicate a fairly high rate of transmission of tubercle bacilli.
Subject(s)
BCG Vaccine/immunology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Geography , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Risk Factors , Tuberculin Test , Tuberculosis/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Background: A nation wide tuberculin study was undertaken to estimate the Annual Risk of Tuberculous Infection (ARTI) in different parts of India. The study in the rural areas of Kota, one of the districts selected for the survey, is described in this article. Material & Methods: A total of 6264 children 1-9 years of age, residing in 64 clusters were registered into the study. The children were subjected to the standard tuberculin test using 1 TU PPD RT23 with Tween 80 procured from BCG Laboratory, Guindy and the maximum transverse diameter of the induration was measured at about 72 hours. Results: A total of 3157 children without BCG scar and 1520 with BCG scar was successfully test read. The prevalence of infection among children without BCG scar using the mirror image technique was estimated as 13.6% and the ARTI was computed at 2.6%. Using similar technique, the prevalence of infection among the entire study group-irrespective of BCG scar was estimated as 14.9% and the ARTI was computed at 2.8%. Conclusion: The findings indicate a high rate of transmission of tuberculous infection in rural areas of Kota and emphasise the need for further strengthening of tuberculosis control measures.