Percepción de la salud bucal en adultos mayores de la ciudad de Corrientes, Argentina / Perception of oral health in older adults in Corrientes, Argentina

Objetivo. Describir la percepción de la salud bucal en adultos mayores que asisten a Clubes de Abuelos y a una clínica odontológica universitaria. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, transversal en la ciudad de Corrientes, Argentina, en 97 adultos mayores de 60 años. Se realizó un interrogatorio y el examen clínico bucodental. Para valorar la percepción de salud oral se utilizó el índice de Valoración en Salud Oral en Geriatría (GOHAI). Resultados. De los 97 adultos mayores que participaron, el 75,3% (n=73) correspondieron al sexo femenino. La edad media de la población fue de 67,1 ± 4,4 años, se observó que para el 86,4% la autopercepción de su salud bucal es negativa. Al comparar el grupo de adultos mayores que asisten a Clubes de Abuelos y los adultos mayores que asisten a la clínica odontológica se halló diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la percepción de la salud oral (p=0,0001). No se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa con la edad (p=0,28), el sexo (p=0,50), el estado civil (p=0,45), el nivel de instrucción (p=0,06), la ocupación (p=0,68), el padecimiento de enfermedades sistémicas (p=0,52) y el índice de caries CPOD (p= 0,09). Conclusiones. En los adultos mayores que participaron del estudio predomina la percepción negativa de su salud oral, en especial en aquellos que buscaron atención odontológica.

Objective. Describe the perception of oral health in older adults who attend Grandparents' Clubs and a university dental clinic. Methods. Descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Corrientes, Argentina, in 97 adults over 60 years old. An interrogation and oral clinical examination were performed. To assess the perception of oral health, the Assessment Index in Oral Health in Geriatrics (GOHAI) was used. Results. The 97 older adults who participated, 75.3% (n=73) corresponded to the female sex. The mean age of the population was 67.1 ± 4.4 years, it was observed that for 86.4% the self-perception of their oral health is negative. When comparing the group of older adults who attend Grandparents' Clubs and the older adults who attend the dental clinic, statistically significant differences were found in the perception of oral health (p = 0.0001). No statistically significant association was found with age (p=0.28), sex (p=0.50), marital status (p=0.45), educational level (p=0.06), occupation (p=0.68), suffering from systemic diseases (p=0.52) and DMFT caries index (p=0.09). Conclusions. In the Older Adults who participated in the study, the negative perception of their oral health predominates, especially in those who sought dental care.

Factores sociodemográficos y culturales asociados a los hábitos de salud bucal en individuos adultos / Sociodemographic and cultural factors associated with the oral health habits of adults

Objetivos: Describir los hábitos de higiene bucal de personas adultas (35 a 44 años) de la ciudad de Corrientes y determinar la influencia de variables sociodemográficas y culturales en dichos hábitos. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de base poblacional. La información sobre las variables de estudio se recopiló mediante una encuesta domiciliaria (2013). Se estableció el tamaño de la muestra con un nivel de confianza del 95% (381 individuos). Se aplicó un diseño muestral polietápico. Resultados: El nivel de conocimientos de salud bucodental resultó ser un predictor significativo del hábito de cepillado dental después de cada comida y junto con el nivel socioeconómico son un predictor significativo de la práctica de renovar el cepillo dental cada 3 meses. No se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación al sexo. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este trabajo pueden ser utilizados en el diseño de programas de salud oral que contemplen los determinantes socioculturales del proceso salud-enfermedad.

Objectives: To describe the habits of oral hygiene presented the adult population (35- 44 years) of the City of Corrientes and to establish the influence of sociodemographic and cultural variables on these habits. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional population-based study was conducted. Information concerning the study variables was collected through an in-home survey (2013). The sample size was determined by establishing a confidence level of 95% (381 subjects). A simple random sampling design was applied, which was complemented with a non-probability quota sampling. Results: The level of oral health knowledge proved to be a significant predictor of the dental brushing habit after each meal and along with the socioeconomic level are significant predictors of the practice of renewing the toothbrush every 3 months. No statistically significant differences were found in relation to sex. Conclusions: the results of this work can be used for the design and implementation of oral health programs that contemplate the socio-cultural determinants of the health-disease process.

Factores asociados a la utilización de servicios de salud odontológicos / Factors associated with the use of dental health services

Resumen El presente trabajo se propone analizar los factores asociados a la utilización de servicios de salud odontológicos (USSO) en individuos adultos de la Ciudad de Corrientes; Argentina. Se realizó un estudio transversal. A través de una encuesta domiciliaria se recolectó información de las variables de estudio. Se determinó el tamaño de la muestra estableciéndose un nivel de confianza del 95% (381 individuos). Se aplicó un diseño muestral aleatorio simple, que se complementó con un muestreo no probabilístico por cuotas. Se analizaron los datos con los programas SPSS 21.0. y Epidat 3.1. El nivel socioeconómico, la cobertura social odontológica, la percepción sobre la salud bucal, los conocimientos de salud bucal y los hábitos de higiene bucal se asociaron significativamente a la USSO en los últimos 12 meses. Los mismos factores, a excepción de la cobertura social odontológica y de los conocimientos de salud bucal, se asocian a la USSO por motivos de control/chequeo dental de rutina. Se deben implementar medidas tendientes a aumentar la USSO con fines de prevención en individuos de ambos sexos, de todos los niveles socioeconómicos, especialmente en aquellos menos favorecidos.

Abstract This paper seeks to analyze the factors associated with the use of dental health services (UDHS) by adults in the city of Corrientes, Argentina. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Information concerning the study variables was collected via a home survey. The sample size was established with a 95% confidence interval level (381 individuals). A simple random sampling design was used, which was complemented with a non-probability quota sampling. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 and Epidat version 3.1 softwares. Socio-economic level, dental health coverage, perception of oral health care, perception of oral health, knowledge about oral health, and oral hygiene habits were significantly associated with the UDHS over the last twelve months. These same factors, excluding dental health coverage and knowledge about oral health, were associated with the UDHS for routine dental check-ups. Measures should be implemented to increase the UDHS for prevention purposes in men and women of all socio-economic levels, particularly in less-privileged individuals.

Profile of the adult population of the city of Corrientes (Argentina) in relation to dental health insurance

Objective: to characterize the adult population of the city of Corrientes (Argentina) in relation to dental health insurance according to sociodemographic and dental variables. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Corrientes (Argentina). Information regarding the study variables was collected through the application of a structured survey. Sample size was determined by establishing a 95 percent confidence level (381 subjects between 35 and 44 years of age). The direct face-to-face observation technique was used for data collection. A simple random sample design was applied for the selection of the homes to be surveyed, which was complemented by a non-probabilistic sampling using quotas for the selection of the individuals to be interviewed from the 2010 Population Census data. Results: Of the total of the participants, 56.4 percent had dental health insurance. Health insurance was significantly associated with a higher socioeconomic level OR: 1.90 (95 percent CI 1.26-2.87, p=0.01); greater probability of having had a consultation in the 12 months prior to the interview OR: 1.74 (95 percent CI 1.13-2.68, p=0.01), going to the dentist for dental treatments OR: 1.5 (95 percent CI 1.02-2.43, p=0.03), or because of pain or an emergency problem OR: 1.59 (95 percent CI 1.05- 2.42, p=0.02), and presenting better oral hygiene self-care. Conclusions: There are oral health inequities in the adult population of the city of Corrientes (Argentina). Having dental health insurance is associated with a higher socioeconomic level, having more frequent dental consultations to get dental treatment and in emergency situations, as well as presenting better oral hygiene self-care.

Consumo de alimentos cariogénicos en adultos de la ciudad de Corrientes, Argentina / Cariogenic food consumption in adults in the city of Corrientes, Argentina / Consumo de alimentos cariogênicos em adultos da cidade de Correntes, Argentina

Objetivo: Describir los conocimientos sobre la cariogenicidad de ciertos alimentos, analizar la frecuencia y el momento de la ingestión y comparar el consumo de alimentos cariogénicos en los grupos de individuos con diferente nivel socioeconómico. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal. A través de una encuesta domiciliaria se recolectó información de las variables de estudio en la Ciudad de Corrientes (Argentina) en el año 2013. Se determinó el tamaño de la muestra estableciéndose un nivel de confianza del 95% (381 individuos adultos de 35-44 años). Se aplicó un diseño muestral aleatorio simple, que se complementó con un muestreo no probabilístico por cuotas. Resultados: La mayoría de los encuestados distinguen los alimentos cariogénicos de los no cariogénicos. La frecuencia diaria del consumo se asoció significativamente al momento de la ingestión (entre las comidas). En los grupos de diferentes niveles socioeconómicos no se halló diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: Si bien la mayor parte de la población de estudio distingue los alimentos cariogénicos de los no cariogénicos, su consumo diario es elevado, en especial “entre las comidas principales” cuando su cariogenicidad es mayor.

Objetive: To describe the knowledge on the cariogenic potential of certain foods, to analyze frequency and moment of ingestion, and to compare consumption of cariogenic food in groups with different socio-economic levels. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study. Information concerning the study variables was collected through an in-home survey in the city of Corrientes, Argentina in 2013. The sample size was established with a 95% confidence level (381 adults between 35-44 years). A simple random sampling design was applied, which was complemented with a non-probability quota sampling. Results: Most survey respondents can differentiate cariogenic from non-cariogenic food. Daily frequency of consumption was significantly associated to the moment of ingestion (between meals). In groups with different socio-economic levels no statistically significant differences were found. Conclusion: Although most of the population in this study can differentiate cariogenic from noncariogenic food, their daily consumption is high, specially “between main meals” when the cariogenic potential is higher.

Objetivo: Descrever os conhecimentos sobre a cariogenicidade de certos alimentos, analisarem a freqüência e o momento da ingestão e comparar o consumo de alimentos cariogênicos nos grupos de indivíduos com diferente nível socioeconômico. Materiais e Métodos: Realizou se um estudo transversal. O través de uma enquete domiciliaria se coletou informação das variáveis de estudo na Cidade de Correntes (Argentina) no ano 2013. Determinou se o tamanho da amostra estabelecendo se um nível de confiança de 95% (381 indivíduos adultos de 35-44 anos). Aplicou se um desenho de amostra aleatória simples, que se complementou com uma amostra não probabilística por cuotas. Resultados: A maioria dos enquiridos distingue os alimentos cariogênicos dos não cariogênicos. A freqüência diária do consumo se associou significativamente ao momento da ingestão (entre as comidas). Nos grupos de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos não se achou diferencias estatisticamente significativas. Conclusões: Se bem a maior parte da povoação de estudo distingue os alimentos cariogênicos dos não cariogênicos, seu consumo diário é elevado, em especial “entre as comidas principais” quando sua cariogenicidade é maior.

Conocimientos de salud bucodental en relación con el nivel socioeconómico en adultos de la ciudad de Corrientes, Argentina / Oral health knowledge in relation to socio-economic level in adults from Corrientes city, Argentina / Conhecimentos de saúde bucal em relação ao nível socioeconômico em adultos dacidade de Corrientes, Argentina

OBJETIVO: analizar los conocimientos de salud bucodental y su relación con el nivel socioeconómico en individuos adultos. METODOLOGIA: se realizó un estudio transversal. A través de una encuesta domiciliaria se recolectó información referente a las variables de estudio. Se determinó el tamaño de la muestra estableciéndose un nivel de confianza del 95% (381 individuos) para la generalización de los resultados. Se aplicó un diseño muestral aleatorio simple para la selección de las viviendas a encuestar, que se complementó con un muestreo no probabilístico por cuotas para la selección de los individuos a entrevistar. RESULTADOS : Los individuos adultos de la Ciudad de Corrientes presentan en general un nivel de conocimientos de salud bucodental aceptable, pues en una escala de 0 a 28 puntos utilizada para valorar los conocimientos, se registró un mínimo de 15 puntos. Los individuos de NSE bajo presentan un nivel de conocimientos de salud bucodental similar a los individuos de NSE medio-alto/alto. Las personas de NSE medio-bajo presentaron un nivel significativamente menor de conocimientos de salud bucodental. CONCLUSION: Estos resultados deberían contemplarse en el diseño estrategias de intervención que incidan en los determinantes socioculturales del proceso salud-enfermedad.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the knowledge of oral health and its relationship with the socioeconomic status in adults. Methodology: a cross-sectional study was carried out. Information on sociodemographic and oral health knowledge was collected through a household survey using the technique of direct observation by the "face to face" interviewer. The sample size was determined by establishing a confidence level of 95% for the generalization of results (381 individuals). Simple random sampling design was used for the selection of households to be surveyed, which was supplemented with a non-probability sampling procedure for selecting individuals to be interviewed, based on data provided by the 2010 census. We used a SPSS 21.0 program for the analysis of data. RESULTS : the adults of the city of Corrientes have an acceptable level of knowledge of oral health. The scale of 0-28 points used to measure knowledge, checked a minimum of 15 points. Individuals of low socioeconomic status have a similar level of knowledge about oral health than those of medium-high/high status. People of medium-low status had a significantly lower level of knowledge about oral health. CONCLUSION: these results should be considered in the design of intervention strategies that affect the social and cultural determinants of the health-disease process.

Objetivo: analisar os conhecimentos de saúde bucal e sua relação com o nível socioeconômico em indivíduos adultos. Metodologia: realizou-se um estudo transversal. Através de um questionário domiciliário foram coletadas informações referentes às variáveis do estudo. Foi determinado o tamanho da amostra estabelecendo-se um nível de confiança de 95% (381 indivíduos) para a generalização dos resultados. Aplicouse um desenho amostral aleatório simples para a seleção de domicílios a pesquisar, que se complementou com uma amostragem não probabilística por quotas para a seleção dos indivíduos a entrevistar. Resultados : os indivíduos adultos da Cidade de Corrientes apresentam em geral um nível de conhecimentos de saúde dental aceitável, pois em uma escala de 0 a 28 pontos utilizada para avaliar os conhecimentos, registrou-se um mínimo de 15 pontos. Os indivíduos de NSE baixo apresentam um nível de conhecimentos de saúde dental similar aos indivíduos de NSE médio-alto/alto. As pessoas de NSE médio - baixo apresentaram um nível significativamente menor de conhecimentos de saúde dental. Conclusão: estes resultados deveriam ser considerados no desenho de estratégias de intervenção que afetam os determinantes socioculturais do processo saúde-doença.

Situación de salud bucal de pacientes mayores de 18 años. Cátedra práctica Clínica Preventiva I, Facultad de Odontología UNNE, Argentina, 2010 / . Preventive Clinic Practicum I, UNNE School of Dentistry, Argentina, 2010

Introducción: con el propósito de conocer la situación de salud bucal de pacientes que asisten a la cátedra práctica, Clínica Preventiva I de la Facultad de odontología de la Universidad nacional del nordeste (Unne), Argentina, se hizo un estudio de cortetransversal en septiembre y octubre del año 2010. Métodos:las variables consideradas fueron: datos sociodemográficos, nivel deconocimientos en salud bucodental, hábitos de higiene bucodental y de consumo de hidratos de carbono, estado gingival, higiene bucal, estadode los dientes y acceso a la atención odontológica. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron encuestas estructuradas autoadministradasy las historias clínicas de cada paciente. Se analizaron los datos con los programas estadísticos SPSS® 15.0 y epidat®3.1. Resultados: si bien predomina un nivel de conocimientos de salud bucodental bueno, esto no se refleja en los hábitos de higiene oral y en la periodicidad de búsqueda de atención odontológica preventiva. El examen clínico bucodental reveló higiene deficiente, alta prevalencia de gingivitis leve y elevada prevalencia de caries dental y de dientes obturados y perdidos como consecuencia de la misma. Conclusiones: es necesariala búsqueda de estrategias programadas que permitan optimizar la educación sanitaria y mejorar los comportamientos preventivos de lapoblación de estudio.

Introduction: with the intention of identifying the oral health status of patients attending the Preventive Clinic Practicum I at the School of Dentistry, Universidad nacional del nordeste (Unne), Argentina, a cross-sectional study was conducted between September and october 2010. Methods:the variables taken into account were: socio-demographic data, level of oral health knowledge, oral hygienehabits and carbohydrate consumption, gingival status, oral hygiene, teeth status, and access to dental care.the data were collected by means of structured self-administered surveys and the medical records of each patient, and they were analyzed with the statistical software SPSS® 15.0 and epidat® 3.1. Results: although a good level of oral health knowledge is predominant, it is not reflected in oral hygiene habits or in the frequency in which individuals seek preventive dental care. The clinical examination revealed poor oral hygiene habits,high prevalence of mild gingivitis and high prevalence of dental caries as well as filled and missing teeth as a result of it. Conclusions: it is necessary to search for strategies to optimize health education and to improve preventive behaviors within the study population.