Effect of lamotrigine on fetal rat brain.

Studies on the effect of lamotrigine on fetal brain are limited. The present experimental study was conducted to explore any macroscopic or microscopic changes in fetal brain induced by lamotrigine. Pregnant albino wistar rats received 1.5 mg oral lamotrigine on day 9 to 11 of pregnancy and the pups were harvested on day 20. The mean body weight and length were lower and brain weight and volume were higher of the pups exposed to lamotrigine. However, the differences were not statistically significant. Some of the experimental pups had exencephaly and haemorrhages over the body. Histology of the brain revealed that in lamotrigine treated group, the lateral ventricles were dilated and the plexiform layer of the cerebral cortex was relatively less differentiated.

Karyotype revealed 47, xxy chromosome (Klinefelter syndrome): a case report.

The Klinefelter syndrome is most common chromosomal cause of male infertility. However, the many cases of the syndrome remain undiagnosed due to variations in clinical presentation. A patient attended to surgical OPD with complaints of loss of secondary sexual characteristics and infertility. Physical examination revealed tall stature, thin built, small testes size, and absence of beard and pubic hairs. Karyotype and biochemical tests were performed to detect chromosomal abnormality as well hormonal level to confirm the diagnosis of androgen deficiency syndrome. Chromosomal complement confirmed the case of Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY) causing androgen deficiency. Timely detection of Klinefelter syndrome is important to formulate further treatment modalities for the benefit of the patient.

Unusual venous drainage of face: a case report.

Facial region has enormous blood supply. The maxillary vein, facial vein and superficial temporal vein are chief venous draining channels. There are numerous reports of unusual venous system of face, in the present case, retromandibular vein divides into anterior and posterior division soon after its formation, external carotid artery lying lateral to retromandibular vein, formation of common venous channel between internal jugular vein and anterior jugular vein where facial, lingual and submental vein drain.